Firm Size Research Articles

The Influence of Sales Growth, Profitability, Liquidity and Firm Size Towards Financial Distress

There are several models that can be used in analyzing a company's Financial Distress, the most widely used is the Altman model. The study aims to analyze and identify the influence of fundamental factors represented by ratios such as Sales Growth Analysis, ROA Ratio, Current Ratio, and Firm size on Financial Distress conditions. This research was conducted on financial statements of oil and gas mining sector. Data was collected using data panel with multiple linear regression technique analysis. Data was proceed using Eviews 12. The result show Sales growth, ROA, Current Ratio and TATO ratio have a partially significant effect on Financial Distress. Sales growth ROA, Current Ratio and TATO ratio together and a simultaneous have an effect on Financial Distress

Research on the Influence of Business English Proficiency on Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Competitiveness Under the Perspective of Resource-Based Theory

In the globalized world arena, enterprises have to meet higher standard for showcasing their strength, as well as communicating with other enterprises from different cultural background. The business English ability, as one of the means of intercultural business communication, puts forward higher requirements and has become has become one of the important indexes to measure the international competitiveness of enterprises. Therefore, high proficiency in business is needed. We examines the impact of business English proficiency on the competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) from the perspective of resource-based theory. By using a quantitative research methodology, we could clearly recognized the impact of business English proficiency on enterprise competitiveness. The results of the study show that business English proficiency is a key resource for SMEs to enhance their market competitiveness, and there is a significant positive correlation with the market orientation, innovation ability and strategic flexibility of enterprises. As an intangible resource, business English proficiency significantly enhances the market performance, financial performance and operational efficiency of enterprises by increasing their market sensitivity, promoting knowledge innovation and enhancing the flexibility of strategic adjustment. In addition, the study finds that the role of business English proficiency varies across industries and sizes of firms, with smaller firms and highly internationalized industries benefiting more significantly. This study provides important theoretical and practical guidance for the development of SMEs in the context of globalization.

The role of profitability in moderating the effect of leverage, liquidity, and firm size on firm value

The role of profitability in moderating the effect of leverage, liquidity, and firm size on firm value

PENGARUH NILAI PERUSAHAAN: STRUKTUR MODAL, UKURAN PERUSAHAAN DAN INVESMENT OPPORTUNITY SET

Business competition in Indonesia encourages companies to maximize company value through stock prices, which reflect their performance and prospects in the market. The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze the effect of capital structure, firm size and investment opportunity set on firm value. This research approach is based on a quantitative approach. The population and research sample are Banking Company that have positive profits and are listed on the IDX in 2019-2023. The data analysis technique uses multiple linear regression analysis. The results show that capital structure, company size and investment opportunity set have an effect on firm value.

The Effect of Firm Value, Financial Performance, Environmental Performance, and Firm Size on Carbon Disclosure

The Effect of Firm Value, Financial Performance, Environmental Performance, and Firm Size on Carbon Disclosure

Digital Transformation and its Effects on the Financial Performance of Malaysian SMEs

This study investigates the impact of digital transformation on the financial performance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia, a critical area given the country's ambition to become a digitally-driven economy. By integrating the Resource-Based View (RBV) and Dynamic Capabilities Theory, the research explores how the adoption of digital technologies, such as cloud computing and digital marketing, influences key financial metrics including profitability, revenue growth, and cost efficiency. The study highlights the moderating roles of firm size and industry sector, offering new insights into the conditions under which digital transformation is most effective. Through empirical analysis, the findings provide valuable guidance for SME owners, managers, and policymakers, emphasizing the importance of strategic digital adoption to enhance financial outcomes and contribute to Malaysia's broader economic goals. The research also identifies challenges such as digital skills gaps and infrastructure disparities, proposing targeted strategies to support SMEs in their digital transformation journey.

How Does Leverage, Firm Size, and Cash Flow Affect The Financial Distress?

The objective of this study is to investigate and gather empirical data about the impact of leverage, firm size, and cash flow on financial distress in construction companies that are listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange between 2018 and 2022. Research data is evaluated using logistic regression using SPSS 23 for Windows, using secondary data gathered from the company's annual financial reports and official website. According to the study's findings, three factors significantly influence financial distress: 1) leverage has no effect; 2) firm size has a negative effect; and 3) cash flow has no effect. The results of this research can be used as a basis for taking corrective action if there are indications that the company is experiencing financial distress. Thus, to better manage the firm's financial risks, even though company size is the only major element, management should nevertheless keep an eye on other factors like liquidity and cash flow.

Pengaruh Risiko Bisnis, Likuiditas, Pertumbuhan Penjualan, dan Struktur Aset terhadap Keputusan Pendanaan di Moderasi Ukuran Perusahaan pada Perusahaan Property dan Real Estate yang Terdaftar pada Bursa Efek Indonesia

This study aimed to examines the influence of the business risk, liquidity, growth of sales, and asset structure on the funding decision moderated by company size. The population of this research are property and real estate company that listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sampling method using purposive sampling with the study period of 2019 until 2023 and obtained as many as 84 companies. The technique of data analysis is used multiple regression analysis with interation method. The results of this study shows that business risk and liquidity does not affect on funding desicion. The growth of sales significant positive influence on funding desicion. The asset structure significant negative influence on funding desicion. Moderating testing firm size showns that firm size is not proven as moderating variable that can strengthen or weaken the relationship liquidity on funding desicion. While, moderating testing firm size showns that, firm size proved weaken the relationship of the growth of sales on funding desicion,as well as the influence of asset structure on funding desicion can be strengthened by firm size.

The Influence of Regulation, Audit Delay, Audit Fees, and Firm Size on Auditor Switching in Transportation and Logistics Entities Listed on The Idx from 2018 to 2022

This study aims to demonstrate the impact of regulations, audit delay, audit fees, and firm size on auditor switching. The subjects of this observation are transportation and logistics entities listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2018-2022. The sampling method used is purposive sampling, resulting in 55 observation samples. The analysis in this study employs logistic regression analysis. The tool used is Eviews version 13. The results of the study prove that the variables of regulation, audit delay, audit fees, and firm size do not influence auditor turnover individually. However, when tested together, these variables collectively influence auditor turnover with a percentage of 31.6%, while the remaining 68.4% is explained by variables other than those observed.

Pengaruh Intellectual Capital, Kepemilikan Manajerial, Firm Size, Ukuran Komite Audit Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan

This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of Intellectual Capital, Managerial Ownership, Firm Size, Audit Committee Size on Firm Value in Apparel and Luxury Goods Sub-Sector Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for 2019-2023. The method of determining the sample in this study using purposive sampling method and the population in this study were 22 companies, while the sample used was 13 companies. The data analysis used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS software version 25. The results of this study indicate that intellectual capital has no effect on firm value, and managerial ownership has a positive and significant effect on firm value, then firm size and audit committee size have a negative and significant effect on firm value.

PENGARUH FIRM SIZE, GROWTH OPPORTUNITY DAN NET WORKING CAPITAL TERHADAP FIRM VALUE PADA PERUSAHAAN PERTAMBANGAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI DENGAN CASH HOLDING SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING

The research objective is to analyze and test the effect of Firm Size, Growth Opportunity and Net Working Capital on Firm Value through Cash Holding. The population in this study were various industrial sector companies listed on the IDX in 2019-2022. The sampling technique used is non probability sampling using purposive sampling technique. Data analysis and hypothesis testing in this study used the Structural Equation Model - Partial Least Square (PLS-SEM). The direct hypothesis test results show that Firm Size has a negative but insignificant effect on the Cash Holding variable, Growth Opportunity has a significant positive effect on the Cash Holding variable, Net Working Capital has a significant positive effect on the Cash Holding variable, Firm Size has a positive but insignificant effect on the Firm Value variable, Growth Opportunity has a positive but insignificant effect on Firm Value, Net Working Capital has a negative but insignificant effect on the Firm Value variable, Cash Holding has a significant negative effect on the Firm Value variable, Firm Size has a positive but insignificant effect on the Firm Value variable through Cash Holding, Growth Opportunity has a negative but insignificant effect on the Firm Value variable through Cash Holding, Net Working Capital has a negative but insignificant effect on the Firm Value variable through Cash Holding.

Does CEO Compensation matter Aggressive Tax Planning in China: Evidence from Chinese Ownership Properties

This study aims to explore the impact of CEO compensation on aggressive tax planning (ATP) in China's A-share listed companies, and to reveal the moderating effect of firm size on CEO compensation and ATP. This study uses panel data analysis to explore the relationship between CEO compensation and ATP in China. From the perspective of listed companies in China, the largest developing market, during 2017-2022, the study provides evidence that CEO compensation is positively correlated with ATP, and that this relationship is also moderated by firm size. This study recognizes the crucial role of CEO compensation in the ATP of Chinese listed companies, and fills the gap of previous studies by studying the impact of CEO compensation. At the same time, the novel introduction of firm size as a moderating variable also highlights its effectiveness in Chinese corporate governance. The findings have important implications for participants in China's listed companies, managers' labor markets, and tax regulators. The unavailability of data, the sampling selection of companies, and the impact of focusing only on CEOs without considering other executives in the sample constitute limitations of this study. Although these limitations may weaken the explanatory power of the model, they set the avenue for future research.

THE INFLUENCE OF BLOCKHOLDER OWNERSHIP , PROFITABILITY, AND FIRM SIZE ON TAX AGGRESSIVITY

In Indonesia, foreign direct investment is increasing, but in the field, companies with foreign capital say they are making losses to avoid paying taxes, so this is very counterproductive by opening up foreign investment, but the companies are actually losing money both fiscally and commercially. This research aims to analyze the influence of blockholder ownership , profitability, and firm size on tax aggressiveness. This research uses the data analysis method that will be used in this research, namely partial and multiple regression analysis, where the processing uses descriptive statistical analysis. This research uses computer program tools to manage data in the form of Eviews software version 10 . The research results show that the blockholder ownership variable has no effect on tax aggressiveness, but the profitability and firm size variables do tax aggressiveness. So that service companies are expected to pay more attention to the possibility of tax aggressiveness occurring both internally and externally to the company, and the government to tighten and clarify the contents of regulations regarding tax aggressiveness so that companies truly comply with the obligation to pay taxes

Driving firm value: Strategic marketing insights Malaysian listed firms

This study uses data from 29 sample firms in Bursa Malaysia from 2017 to 2022. Marketing can increase their firm value by helping the firms increase sales volume and market share and enhance their profitability. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to examine the impact of marketing strategies on the firm value. All marketing strategy expense data was collected from the annual report, while the remaining variables, such as firm value, size, profitability, growth, and debt structure, were also collected from the Eikon database. The result shows that marketing strategies negatively affected the firm’s value. Implementing excessive marketing strategies has the potential to raise concerns among investors over the long-term sustainability of firms, which could ultimately lead to a decline in firm value. This is especially true when marketing initiatives prioritize immediate profits at the expense of long-term growth and resilience. It is recommended that future studies employ a comprehensive analysis to better assess the effectiveness of firms' marketing efforts. In this scenario, it is recommended that future researchers broaden their analysis to encompass other dimensions of marketing strategies rather than solely concentrating on marketing expenditure proxy in order to assess the efficacy of a firm's marketing strategy in relation to firm value.

THE EFFECT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY & CAPITAL STRUCTURE ON COMPANY VALUE MODERATED PROFITABILITY AND FIRM SIZE

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and capital structure on company value with profitability and firm size as moderation variables. This study uses secondary data in the form of annual reports on the non-primary consumer, transportation, industrial, energy, health, and technology sectors listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2021 - 2023. The sample of companies studied is 154 companies with 462 data. The results show that the combination of independent variables, profitability as moderating variables, and the interaction of independently variable with moderation can affect the company's value by 71.79%. The significance values of CSRE, DAR, SIZE, CSR with firm size (CSRE x SIZE) and Capital Structure With Firm Size (DAR x SIZE) have values of 0.3724, 0.6024, 0,3405, 0.4334, and 0.6602 > 0.05. The combination of independently variables, profitability, and capital structures with firm sizes have values 0.1827, 0.3435, 0.4335, and 0.663, respectively. The impact of CSR on firm value is moderated by profitability, while firm size moderates the influence by capital structure. Furthermore, examining the role of different types of CRS activities or varying approaches to capital structure could provide insights into why certain strategies might succeed or fail in enhancing company value.

Analisis Audit Tenure, Ukuran Perusahaan, dan Audit DeIay terhadap KuaIitas Audit pada Perusahaan Subsektor Pertambangan Batubara yang Terdaftar di BEI

Purpose: This study tests the hypothesis of audit tenure analysis of the effect of firm size and audit delay on audit quality in coal subsector mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Research methodology: This study used quantitative data from 18 companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. The sampling technique used a purposive sampling method, and the samples that met the criteria for research were 13 companies over five years, totaling 65 financial reports for the 2018-2022 period. methods of SPSS 27. Data were collected from the documentation. Results: The results of this research partially show that Audit Tenure has no significant effect on audit quality, with a significance value of 0.720 > 0.05. Firm size does not have a significant effect on audit quality (0.933 > 0.05). Audit Delay has a significant effect on audit quality with a significance value of 0.001 < 0.05. We simultaneously obtained a significant value of 0.002 < 0.05, so simultaneously audit tenure, firm size, and audit delay influence quality audits. Limitations: Audit researchers are involved in coal subsector mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Contribution: The researcher’s contribution to Audit Tenure, Firm Size, and Audit Delay on Audit Quality

The Effect of Audit Quality on Real Earnings Management: Evidence from Jordan

The purpose of the current study is to examine whether audit quality is capable of restricting real earnings management in a developing country such as Jordan. The fixed effect method was used to study the association between two audit quality (audit fees and audit firm size), and cash flow from operations (CFO), discretionary expenditure (DISX), and production cost (PROD) as proxies of real earnings management, for the industrial and service firms listed on the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) during the period 2014-2023. Using 740 firm-year observations, the results showed that the audit fees (AFEE) are significantly and negatively related to cash flow from operations (CFO) and discretionary expenditure (DISX), and also significantly and positively related to production cost (PROD). Meanwhile, the result showed that the existence of audit firm size (B4) has a negative and significant effect on cash flow from operations (CFO) and production cost (PROD), and a positive and significant effect on discretionary expenditure (DISX). Further, for the control variables, the results showed that the firm size (FSIZE) has an insignificant effect on all model variants of real earnings management (REM). Meanwhile, financial leverage (LEV) has a negative effect on all model variants of real earnings management (REM). Thus, these findings provide shreds of evidence for all the regulators, investors, and executives in Jordan due to the significant impact on public policies and interest to the regulators and standard setters.

THE INFLUENCE OF BUSINESS STRATEGY, SUPERVISORY EFFECTIVENESS AND SUSTAINABLE GROWTH RATE IN BANKRUPTCY PREDICTION

This research aims to test and prove how influence business strategy, supervision effectiveness and sustainability growth level have in predicting bankruptcy. The research is quantitative research, which uses a panel data regression analysis model. The research sample is companies that are included in the special monitoring category of the Indonesia Stock Exchange in April 2024, with PKPU status or have negative equity in companies operating in the property and real estate industry. The results of the research show that business strategy, supervision effectiveness and the level of sustainability growth of a company have a significant influence of 49% in predicting bankruptcy of companies in the property and real estate industry in the 2019 - 2023 research period. Meanwhile, business strategy and supervision effectiveness have a positive influence. against Financial Distress. Meanwhile, the Sustainability Growth Rate has a negative effect on Financial Distress, where the more a company does not experience sustainability, the closer it is to the bankruptcy area. Meanwhile, firm size as a control variable in this study does not have a significant effect on Financial Distress.

Enhancing Library Security Through Electronic Surveillance Systems: The Moderating Influence of Firm Size and Technological Innovation

Library materials have long been vulnerable to misuse, a problem that has persisted over many years. This paper examines how the adoption of electronic surveillance systems (ESS) is influenced by firm size and technological innovation in combating library abuses. Utilizing a quantitative approach, this research employed an online questionnaire to collect data from staff members across four university libraries in Ghana. The findings from multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the implementation of ESS significantly reduces instances of library abuses (p=.000), underscoring its efficacy in addressing this issue. Moreover, the study identifies both the size of the library and technological innovation as significant factors, indicating that their influence on mitigating library abuses varies depending on these variables.

FACTORS AFFECTING AUDIT DELAY (STUDY OF MANUFACTURING COMPANIES LISTED ON MALAYSIAN STOCK EXCHANGE FOR THE 2019-2022 PERIOD)

This research determines factors influence audit delays in manufacturing companies listed on Malaysian Stock Exchange for the period of 2019 until 2022. The model in this study consists of Profitability, Solvency, Company Size and Public Accounting Firm Size. Apart from that, this research also uses audit delay as a dependent variable. Secondary data used in this research are financial reports and audit reports from manufacturing companies listed on Malaysian Stock Exchange for the period of 2019 until 2022. The sample in this study consisted of 21 companies using purposive sampling techniques. The data analysis techniques used are descriptive statistics, classical assumption testing, and hypothesis testing using multiple linear regression analysis. The findings indicate that (1) Profitability has an effect on audit delay, (2) Solvency has no effect on audit delay. (3) Company size has no effect on audit delay. (4) Public Accounting Firm Size influences audit delay. (5) Simultaneously, Profitability, solvency, company size and Public Accounting Firm Size influence on audit delay.