Fire Hazard Research Articles

A New Method for the Determination of Fire Risk Zones in High-Bay Warehouses

Considering that the determination of fire hazard zones in warehouses is not sufficiently researched and studied, this paper aims to present a new methodological approach concerning the mentioned issue. Based on the COPRAS multi-criteria decision-making method, a new method was developed for the precise determination of potential zones where there is a risk of fire. The advantage of the described method is that it allows the quick and easy determination of all-orientation fire risk zones. The method requires fewer hardware resources compared to the existing ones and enables the display of the warehouse space in the form of a 3D model with calculated fire hazard zones. The mentioned procedure represents the first step when planning the layout and arrangement in the warehouse itself. The effectiveness of the proposed method was confirmed through a suitable numerical example.

An innovative strategy towards highly efficient flame-retardant silk

As a luxurious textile raw material, silk fiber (SF) and its products are widely favored by consumers because of their elegant appearance and excellent comfort. However, their flammability causes potential fire risks and hazards in daily fires and has gained significant attention in recent years. In this work, an ultrathin and uniform TiO2, Al2O3, and ZnO nanofilms with thicknesses of 1 ∼ 200 nm (less than one in a hundred of SF diameter) were deposited on the surface of a silk fabric (SFR) by atomic layer deposition (ALD). By tuning the types of metal oxides and nanofilm thickness, the modified SFR quickly self-extinguished, and its pristine weave was completely preserved after exposure to a flame in a torch burn test, representing superior performance compared to numerous conventional coating technologies reported with higher loadings. An expanded charcoal residue formed on the surface of the modified SFR, acting as a physical barrier that enhanced flame retardancy. Furthermore, the modified SFR showed excellent laundering durability, which helps improve the service life of the fabric. Most importantly, the nanofilms had a negligible impact on the intrinsic comfort and other comprehensive properties of the silk.

Non-combustible polymer composites with extremely high filler loading via polytetrafluoroethylene fibrillation

The incorporation of halogen-free flame retardants (FRs) into polymer matrices is a cost-effective and eco-friendly method for suppressing flames and smoke and enhancing fire safety. In energy applications, a high FR loading (e.g., >80 wt%) is often necessary owing to the excessive heat and toxic gases generated by the devices and components. However, achieving this in conventional polymer composites is significantly impeded by poor processability stemming from increased melt viscosity. This study proposes a new approach to fabricate highly loaded flame-retardant composites with an extremely high FR content of 95 wt% via fibrillation of thermally stable polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), which holds two different types of FRs, magnesium hydroxide (MH) and expandable graphite (EG). The hybrid composites exhibit excellent flame retardancy owing to the synergistic effects of the distinct mechanisms of the two fillers, securing a top V-0 rating in the UL-94 vertical burning test and a limiting oxygen index (LOI) exceeding 95 %. Importantly, their total heat release (THR) from the cone calorimeter test is less than 1 MJ/m2, an anomalously low value that meets the criteria for non-combustible materials (THR <8 MJ/m2). Alongside their non-combustible attributes, the composites also have high thermal conductivity, reaching up to 1.60 W/m·K, due to the presence of thermally conductive EGs. We believe that these composites and their fabrication methodology can offer new insights into the design of flame-retardant composites, which are likely to be applicable in practical applications involving severe fire hazards, such as batteries, electronics, and electric vehicles.

Non-covalently functionalized black phosphorene to efficient flame retardant EVA with improved mechanical properties

The development of flame-retardant polymer materials play a vital role in reducing fire hazards and protecting both lives and property. Black phosphorus (BP) is an extremely promising flame retardant since its synergistic flame retardancy with different modifiers. Nevertheless, the issue of unven dispersion within the polymer matrix has severely restricted its practical applications. Herein, BP nanosheets functionalized with ionic liquid (IL-BP) were prepared and then compounding with EVA to improve the mechanical and the flame-retardant properties of EVA matrix. The results demonstrated enhanced compatibility of IL-BP nanosheets within the EVA matrix, leading to the 1.5 %IL-BP/EVA composite displayed a 25 % and 9.6 % increase in tensile strength and elongation at break, respectively. Remarkably, the flammability test results demonstrated that the 1.5 %IL-BP/EVA sample featured a significant decrease of 18.1 % and 21.5 % in total heat release (THR) and peak heat release rate (PHRR), respectively. Meanwhile, the composite also achieved a V-0 rating in UL-94 test and demonstrated superior resistance to melt dripping. The flame-retardant mechanisms of IL-BP/EVA composites in both gas phase and condensed phase were studied. This work provides a promising strategy to design synergetic flame retardants that simultaneously enhanced the fire safety and mechanical properties of EVA.

Quantitative assessment of whether phosphorus-based flame retardants are optimizing or degrading the fire hazard of aircraft carbon fiber/epoxy composites

Fire hazards are a primary concern in aircraft accidents, and controlling combustible materials is pivotal in managing cabin fire risks. This work aims to elucidate the impact of widespread measures that introduce phosphorus-based flame retardants (PFRs) on the fire safety of carbon fiber epoxy composites (CF/EP). Firstly, the hazardous indicators for flame retardant CF/EP composites exhibit two categories of optimization and degradation, which are caused by the intrinsic feature, pyrolysis characteristics and chemical valence states of PFRs. Secondly, the fire hazards of composites are assessed by fusing the analytic network process and information weights guided by Nash Equilibrium theory. The method combines the merits of subjective and objective weights from dimensions of intrinsic hazards, interrelationships and data dispersion of indicators. Finally, the assessed fire hazard rankings under 35 and 65 kW/m2 both are EP > CF/EP16%DOPO-HQ > CF/EP > CF/EP7%DPO. In conclusion, DOPO-HQ (+1) primarily increases the fire hazard of CF/EP due to gas-phase flame-retardant effects, while DPO (+3) predominantly reduces the fire hazard of CF/EP by contributing to condensed-phase effects. This work highlights the contradictory effects of PFRs on the fire safety of CF/EP composites due to structure and thermal stability. The proposed ANP and IW hybridization method provides a theoretical foundation for selecting flame retardants and assessing material fire hazards comprehensively.

Enhancing flame retardancy and antibacterial properties of wood veneer by promoting crosslinking in metal-organic framework structures

Decorative veneer, rotary cut from wood, serving as the outermost layer of decorative plates and is exposed to potential risks of fire hazards and bacterial growth. In this study, following the principle of eco-friendly and cost-effective, the polyamino polyether methylene phosphonate (PAPEMP) and magnesium chloride (MgCl2) were sequentially impregnated into the veneer, and then the alkaline environment was employed to facilitate the complexation, leading to the formation of cross-linked chains within the porous wood structure. Consequently, the modified wood veneer, endowed with exceptional flame retardancy, smoke suppression, antibacterial properties, and good wettability was successfully achieved. Through optimization in an alkaline environment, the modified decorative veneer exhibits a remarkable increase in limiting oxygen index from 19.7% in the pure veneer to 36.9%, coupled with a significant reduction of 19.38% in total heat release and 65.22% in total smoke release compared to the pure veneer. Additionally, the peak mass loss rate (PLMR) of the modified veneer was 66.41% lower than that of the pure veneer, and the char residue increased to 46.1%, representing a 149.19% improvement over the pure veneer. Compared with pure veneer, the wettability of modified veneer increased by 37.93%. Additionally, the tensile strength parallel to the grain of the modified veneer was enhanced by 22.09% compared to the veneer without NaOH solution treatment, and exhibits strong inhibitory effects on colony reproduction. The developed flame-retardant and antibacterial treatment processes for decorative veneers offer a novel and environmentally friendly method for utilizing precious tree veneers, suitable for a variety of precious woods, and successfully applied to decorative wooden doors and wooden fire-resistant doors.

Study on the influence of slope on smoke overflow and temperature characteristics of carriages with lateral openings in subway fires

This research explores the impact of slope on fire hazards in train carriages with multiple lateral openings in underground tunnel fires. Utilizing FDS software, a comprehensive full-scale fire scenario is simulated to study smoke overflow and temperature distribution in inclined tunnels with slopes ranging from 0 % to 4 % and Heat Release Rates (1 MW–10 MW) under natural ventilation. The study reveals that smoke mainly originates from the upstream end door and the door near the fire source, with smoke overflow from the upstream end door increasing significantly with the slope. Fire power has minimal impact on smoke overflow. When fire power is large, the longitudinal temperature distribution inside the carriage exhibits an overall increasing trend with increasing slope. The maximum carriage temperature decreases steadily with the slope for Q˙ ≤ 5 MW, while the slope has less influence on temperature variation for Q˙ > 5 MW. A modified prediction model is proposed to forecast maximum ceiling temperature during fire scenarios, providing valuable insights for structural fire protection, fire detection, and smoke control in metro areas. This study enhances understanding of smoke movement and temperature distribution in train carriage fires in inclined tunnels, contributing to engineering practices.

Анализ и перспективы применения методов машинного обучения для чрезвычайных ситуаций

This article focuses on fire research, disaster and hazard forecasting, risk and vulnerability assessment, early detection of disasters, early warning systems, disaster monitoring, damage assessment and post-disaster response, and case studies.

Fire Risk Assessment Method of Energy Storage Power Station Based on Cloud Model

In response to the randomness and uncertainty of the fire hazards in energy storage power stations, this study introduces the cloud model theory. Six factors, including battery type, service life, external stimuli, power station scale, monitoring methods, and firefighting equipment, are selected as the risk assessment set. The risks are divided into five levels. Membership function is constructed using cloud model. The forward generator is responsible for calculating the complete coefficient matrix and the comprehensive evaluation matrix, while the reverse generator handles the same calculations separately. By utilizing fuzzy synthesis operators and cloud computing, the numerical attributes of the evaluation cloud model are derived, resulting in the creation of a visual representation that illustrates the fire hazard level for energy storage power stations. The results show that the cloud model can be used for fire risk assessment in energy storage power stations. Fuzzy variables can be accurately and clearly represented and corresponded to different safety levels. The effectiveness and feasibility of this assessment method have been verified through case analysis.

ОЦЕНКА ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ЭСКАЛАЦИИ ПОЖАРА ПРИ ХРАНЕНИИ МОТОРНЫХ ТОПЛИВ В ПОЛИМЕРНЫХ ЭЛАСТИЧНЫХ РЕЗЕРВУАРАХ

Due to the increase in oil production and production of petroleum products, as well as their transportation and storage, the range and sizes of reservoirs are increasing. For this purpose, polymer tanks are widely used at Russian enterprises of the fuel and energy complex, including mobile tank farmsand oil depots for the operational storage of oil and petroleum products. However, the polymer materials from which the tanks are made are flammable, which increases their fire hazard level. An assessment of the possibility of fire escalation has been carried out using the example of an oil depot model for storing motor fuels in polymer elastic tanks. The results &#x0D; of calculating the dangerous factors of a spill fire during depressurization of polymer elastic tanks with gasoline and diesel fuel, as well as a graph of the dependence of the intensity of thermal radiation during the ignition of these tanks, are presented in tabular form, and an event tree is constructed. The parameters characterizing the possible escalation of a fire at a motor fuel storage site under quasi-stationary conditions have been determined.&#x0D; A methodology is proposed that allows assessing the possibility of realizing the escalating nature of a fire at facilities for storing and handling motor fuels in polymer elastic tanks, and recommendations are also given to prevent the progressive nature of the development of negative events and reduce damage in case of fire.

Effect of width on the fire spreading characteristics of PE metal sandwich panels under the action of double fire sources

The exterior walls of high-rise buildings typically contain substantial thermal insulation materials. Once ignited, these materials can readily induce major fire accidents. In this study, through the constructed reduced-size experimental bench to evaluate the effect of window overflow fire and upper chamber fire on the fire spreading properties of PE metal sandwich panels with different widths. The result shows that the average flame height and flame oscillation intensity increased with an increase in fire source power and sandwich panel width. Temperature curves exhibited a consistent trend under different working conditions. Dimensionless analysis of the sandwich layer temperature indicated that under specific fire source power conditions, the 60 cm sandwich panel reached the highest peak temperature and posed the greatest fire hazard. Based on the width and length of the preheating zone, a model for the rate of flame spreading was created. At a constant sample width, the accelerated spread of the upper part of the plate by the action of fire source B was more obvious. These conclusions are instructive for the study of building facade fire.

Thermal stability analysis of nitrile additives in LiFSI for lithium-ion batteries: An accelerating rate calorimetry study

Although lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are extensively used as secondary storage energy devices, they also pose a significant fire and explosion hazard. Subsequently, thermal stability studies for LiPF6- and LiFSI-type electrolytes have been conducted extensively. However, the thermal characteristics of these electrolytes with thermally stable additives in a full cell assembly have yet to be explored. This study presents a comprehensive accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC) study. First, 1.2-Ah cells were prepared using a control commercial LiPF6 electrolyte and LiFSI with a specific succinonitrile additive and ethyl-methyl carbonate as a thermally stable electrolyte additive. The kinetic parameters involved in heat generation and their effects on the thermal properties of the ARC module were analyzed from the heat-wait-seek (HWS), self-heating (SH), and thermal runaway (TR) stages. The results indicate that the addition of a succinonitrile additive to the LiFSI electrolyte lowers the decomposition temperatures of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) owing to polymerization with Li at the anode, while simultaneously increasing the activation energy of reaction temperatures at SEI between the separator and the electrolyte. The maximum thermal-runaway temperature decreased from 417 °C (ΔH = 5.26 kJ) (LiPF6) to 285 °C (ΔH = 2.068 kJ) (LiFSI + succinonitrile). This study provides key insights to the thermal characteristics of LiPF6 and LiFSI during the self-heating and thermal runaway stages and indicates a practical method for achieving thermally stable LIBs.

Ungulates mitigate the effects of drought and shrub encroachment on the fire hazard of Mediterranean oak woodlands.

Climate change is increasing the frequency of droughts and the risk of severe wildfires, which can interact with shrub encroachment and browsing by wild ungulates. Wild ungulate populations are expanding due, among other factors, to favorable habitat changes resulting from land abandonment or land-use changes. Understanding how ungulate browsing interacts with drought to affect woody plant mortality, plant flammability, and fire hazard is especially relevant in the context of climate change and increasing frequency of wildfires. The aim of this study is to explore the combined effects of cumulative drought, shrub encroachment, and ungulate browsing on the fire hazard of Mediterranean oak woodlands in Portugal. In a long-term (18 years) ungulate fencing exclusion experiment that simulated land abandonment and management neglect, we investigated the population dynamics of the native shrub Cistus ladanifer, which naturally dominates the understory of woodlands and is browsed by ungulates, comparing areas with (no fencing) and without (fencing) wild ungulate browsing. We also modeled fire behavior in browsed and unbrowsed plots considering drought and nondrought scenarios. Specifically, we estimated C. ladanifer population density, biomass, and fuel load characteristics, which were used to model fire behavior in drought and nondrought scenarios. Overall, drought increased the proportion of dead C. ladanifer shrub individuals, which was higher in the browsed plots. Drought decreased the ratio of live to dead shrub plant material, increased total fuel loading, shrub stand flammability, and the modeled fire parameters, that is, rate of surface fire spread, fireline intensity, and flame length. However, total fuel load and fire hazard were lower in browsed than unbrowsed plots, both in drought and nondrought scenarios. Browsing also decreased the population density of living shrubs, halting shrub encroachment. Our study provides long-term experimental evidence showing the role of wild ungulates in mitigating drought effects on fire hazard in shrub-encroached Mediterranean oak woodlands. Our results also emphasize that the long-term effects of land abandonment can interact with climate change drivers, affecting wildfire hazard. This is particularly relevant given the increasing incidence of land abandonment.

METHODOLOGY FOR EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF THE FIRE HAZARD OF POWER LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF A HEATING PANEL

Even though lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are the subject of various tests and research at the production stage, there are no isolated cases of electric vehicle fires, and the development dynamics are unpredictable. The particular danger of such fires lies in the oxygen release during an irreversible exothermic reaction in LIBs, which creates new challenges for fire and rescue services when extinguishing such fires. The study aims to develop the main provisions of the methodology for experimental studies of electric vehicle power batteries in terms of fire hazards using an electric heating panel. The ultimate goal of the study is to determine the temperatures at which an irreversible exothermic reaction, the opening of ventilation holes, and the combustion (explosion) of electric vehicle power batteries begin, as well as the time parameters at which such processes occur. Taking into account the peculiarities of the occurrence and course of the irreversible exothermic reaction, we have developed a methodology, the essence of which is to determine the temperatures of the onset of the irreversible exothermic reaction of the electric vehicle power battery, the opening of ventilation holes, and the combustion (explosion) of electric vehicle power batteries, the combustion temperatures of ventilation gases, as well as the time parameters at which these processes occur, which may change during battery operation and not correspond to the declared parameters of the manufacturer. For this purpose, we exposed LIBs to thermal energy from an electric heating panel and recorded the temperature and time during which an irreversible exothermic reaction occurs from the moment of an internal short circuit to a fire or explosion. The use of the proposed methodology of experimental studies of the elements of power batteries of electric vehicles regarding the fire hazard of an electric heating panel will make it possible to determine the temperature limits of the occurrence of irreversible exothermic reactions in LIBs, as well as the time parameters under which these processes occur. Keywords: electric vehicle fire, irreversible exothermic reaction, lithium-ion battery.

Biomimetic Nanoporous Transparent Universal Fire-Resistant Coatings.

The inherent flammability of most polymeric materials poses a significant fire hazard, leading to substantial property damage and loss of life. A universal flame-retardant protective coating is considered as a promising strategy to mitigate such risks; however, simultaneously achieving high transparency of the coatings remains a great challenge. Here, inspired by the moth eye effect, we designed a nanoporous structure into a protective coating that leverages a hydrophilic-hydrophobic interactive assembly facilitated by phosphoric acid protonated amino siloxane. The coating demonstrates robust adhesion to a diverse range of substrates, including but not limited to fabrics, foams, paper, and wood. As expected, its moth-eye-inspired nanoporous structure conferred a high visible light transparency of >97% and water vapor transmittance of 96%. The synergistic effect among phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), and silicon (Si) largely enhanced the char-forming ability and restricted the decomposition of the coated substrates, which successfully endowed the coating with high fire-fighting performance. More importantly, for both flexible and rigid substrates, the coated samples all possessed great mechanical properties. This work provides a new insight for the design of protective coatings, particularly focusing on achieving high transparency.

Evaluating 900 Potentially Harming Fires in Germany: Is the Prescriptive Building Code Effective? German Fire Departments Assessed Fire Safety Measures in Buildings Through On-Site Inspections

Fire statistics mirror the outcome of fire prevention. Most fire statistics in Germany deal with the loss of life, value, and fire department actions (number of interventions, nozzles used, or alarm category like a false alarm). However, these results also represent the safety level the legislator has set through the prescriptive building regulations. The current statistics cannot evaluate the level of fire safety and the fulfillment or necessity of fire safety precautions. Today, expert judgment from firefighters is necessary to fill this gap. Here, we show the first evaluation of fire prevention and hazard protection measures by evaluating 900 potentially harming fires throughout Germany. In contrast to minor fires, these fires have advanced to the extent that they could potentially violate the protection objectives outlined in building regulations. The fire department association developed a questionnaire to evaluate the fire safety level and possibly reduce unnecessary fire safety regulations. One hundred twenty-three fire departments carried out the questionnaire, which are responsible for 25% of the German population. Fire prevention officers of the fire departments went to the scene after the fire was extinguished, and the fire safety concept of the building could be evaluated. We found a high rate of injuries, smoke spread, need for rescue by firefighters, and higher than expected firefighter response times after arrival at the scene. Surprisingly, smoke spread rates correlated with building height and not with building age. It was even possible to assess the risk of multiple casualties. Overall, the questionnaire results give insight into the current level of fire safety in existing buildings. Ways and rates for smoke and fire spread prove the importance of second escape routes and the influence of human misconduct. According to these results, current building code regulations are sufficient to prevent fire spread. On the other hand, smoke spreading is a severe threat to people’s safety. For example, the data shown can be applied in Bayes nets or other risk calculations to optimize individual building designs or even governmental building codes concerning fire safety engineering. Based on our observations, science, and building codes, authorities could in the future establish a performance-based building code instead of the current prescriptive code. This paper presents the first approach in Germany to quantify the expert judgment of fire departments and use it as a source of knowledge for fire prevention.

RISK ASSESSMENT OF SUBWAY STATION FIRE BY USING A BAYESIAN NETWORK-BASED SCENARIO EVOLUTION MODEL

Subway station fires frequently result in massive casualties, economic losses and even social panic due to the massive passenger flow, semiconfined space and limited conditions for escape and smoke emissions. The combination of different states of fire hazard factors increases the uncertainty and complexity of the evolution path of subway station fires and causes difficulty in assessing fire risk. Traditional methods cannot describe the development process of subway station fires, and thus, cannot assess fire risk under different fire scenarios. To realise scenario-based fire risk assessment, the elements that correspond to each scenario state during fire development in subway stations are identified in this study to explore the intrinsic driving force of fire evolution. Accordingly, a fire scenario evolution model of subway stations is constructed. Then, a Bayesian network is adopted to construct a scenario evolution probability calculation model for calculating the occurrence probability of each scenario state during subway station fire development and identifying critical scenario elements that promote fire evolution. Xi’an subway station system is used as a case to illustrate the application of Bayesian network-based scenario evolution model, providing a practical management tool for fire safety managers. The method adopted in this study enables managers to predict fire risk in each scenario and understand the evolution path of subway station fire, supporting the establishment of fire response strategies based on “scenario–response” planning.

An Analysis of the Methane Explosion in the Area of the Return Shaft Bottom at Mine

Methane explosions are one of the greatest hazards in the coal mining industry and have caused many accidents. On 27 July 2016 at approximately 11:01 a.m., an explosion of methane occurred at the bottom of Zygmunt return shaft at the depth of 411 metres. The explosion resulted in one casualty. The article presents the results of, and the conclusions from, an in-depth analysis of the changes in the parameters of mine air, especially methane concentration, air flow and the operation of mine fans, recorded by sensors installed in the workings and in Zygmunt ventilation shaft around the time of the accident. The analysis was based on signals recorded by the monitoring system, related to the evolution of methane and fire hazards prior to and after the accident occurred. An attempt was made to identify the cause and the circumstances of the methane explosion at the bottom of the return shaft.

Validation of a CFD model for cell culture bioreactors at large scale and its application in scale-up

Among all the operating parameters that control the cell culture environment inside bioreactors, appropriate mixing and aeration are crucial to ensure sufficient oxygen supply, homogeneous mixing, and CO2 stripping. A model-based manufacturing facility fit approach was applied to define agitation and bottom air flow rates during the process scale-up from laboratory to manufacturing, of which computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was the core modeling tool. The realizable k-ε turbulent dispersed Eulerian gas-liquid flow model was established and validated using experimental values for the volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (kLa). Model validation defined the process operating parameter ranges for application of the model, identified mixing issues (e.g., impeller flooding, dissolved oxygen gradients, etc.) and the impact of antifoam on kLa. Using the CFD simulation results as inputs to the models for oxygen demand, gas entrance velocity, and CO2 stripping aided in the design of the agitation and bottom air flow rates needed to meet cellular oxygen demand, control CO2 levels, mitigate risks for cell damage due to shear, foaming, as well as fire hazards due to high O2 levels in the bioreactor gas outlet. The recommended operating conditions led to the completion of five manufacturing runs with a 100% success rate. This model-based approach achieved a seamless scale-up and reduced the required number of at-scale development batches, resulting in cost and time savings of a cell culture commercialization process.

Potential in-vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of Martynia annua extract mediated Phytosynthesis of MnO2 nanoparticles

The present research work describes the phyto-synthesis of Manganese dioxide nanoparticles (MnO2NPs) from the reduction of potassium permanganate using Martynia annua (M.annua) plant extract. From the literature review, we clearly understood the M.annua plant has anti-inflammatory activity. Manganese dioxides are important materials due to their wide range of applications. Their increased surface area gives them distinct capabilities, as it increases their mechanical, magnetic, optical, and catalytic qualities, allowing them to be used in more pharmaceutical applications. A detailed review of literature highlighting the issues related to this present work and its knowledge gap that none of the inflammatory activities had been done by MnO2 NPs synthesized from M.annua plant extract. So we selected this study. The product MnO2 NPs showed the wavelength centre at 370 nm and was monitored by UV–Vis spectra. The wave number around 600 cm−1 has to the occurrence of O–Mn–O bonds of pure MnO2 confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy images showed the morphology of MnO2 NPs as spherical-shaped particles with average sizes at 7.5 nm. The selected area electron diffraction analysis exhibits the crystalline nature of MnO2 NPs. The obtained MnO2 NPs showed potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity was compared to the plant extract. The synthesized MnO2 NPs have a large number of potential applications in the field of pharmaceutical industries. In the future, we isolate the phytocompounds present in the M.annua plant extract and conduct a study against corona virus. MnO2 produces manganese (III) oxide and oxygen, which increases fire hazard. But further research is required to understand their environmental behaviour and safety.