Finite Element Analysis Software Research Articles

Procedure in developing a longitudinal-torsional vibration-assisted micro-milling system

Micromachining is an advanced microfabrication technique for micro-sized or micro-accuracy products through subtractive manufacturing such as micro-milling. Vibration-assisted machining (VAM) is a method in which small amplitude vibrations are applied to the tool or workpiece to enhance the fabrication process. Milling results could be improved by adding longitudinal and torsional vibration to the tool using piezoelectric components vibrating at the ultrasonic frequency with an amplitude of less than 1 μm is used. A slip ring is required to transmit electric power from a static structure to a rotating frame. After the power has been transmitted to the system, an ultrasonic horn, called an acoustic horn or sonotrode, amplifies the vibrations at the tool’s tip. Since the excitation vibration is only longitudinal, the magnification of the vibration at the tooltip is also only longitudinal. Grooves are added to the side of the ultrasonic horn to produce torsional vibrations. This vibration is then simulated through finite element analysis software, explicitly using explicit dynamics. A 3D simulation is run for a quarter cycle of micro-milling through a Ti-6Al-4V material. It could be concluded that the LTVAM application may improve machining quality, such as temperature reduction of up to 9%, cutting force reduction of up to 35%, and surface roughness improvement of up to 27%.

Vibration mitigation using dual-open and infilled trenches in layered soil media: Field tests and numerical simulations

Ground-borne vibrations are increasing at a rapid rate due to the rise in urban expansion and industrial activities. The current solution to mitigate the unwanted vibrations is limited to the use of single trenches that require unrealistic depths. This paper presents the possibilities of using dual open and infilled trenches to mitigate the vibrations generated due to continuous harmonic motions. Full-scale field tests and comprehensive numerical studies were performed to systematically design dual trenches. The field vibration tests were performed under a wide range of frequencies using the Lazan-type mechanical oscillator. Similarly, numerical studies have been performed using finite element analysis software, PLAXIS 2D. Expanded polystyrene (EPS) geofoams of different densities, bentonite, ceramsite, concrete, and sand-rubber mixture were used as the infill materials. The normalized depths of 0.40 and 0.50 were observed as the optimal values to reach an average amplitude reduction ratio (average ARR) of 0.25 for the dual open and EPS15-infilled trenches, respectively. The isolation efficiency of EPS15-infilled trenches was observed to be 178 % higher compared to the EPS48-infilled trenches. The performance difference between EPS15 and ceramsite-filled dual trenches was observed to be only 4 % in terms of average ARR, the former being superior.

Assessing stability of mine workings driven in stratified rock mass

Purpose.The research purpose is to assess the stability of mine workings driven in a stratified rock mass by studying the influence of the stratified rock bedding angle on the rock mass stress-strain state (SSS). Methods. The research uses both experimental and numerical methods. Experimental studies are carried out using rock samples with different angles of rock layer occurrence, while numerical modeling is performed using the RS2 (Geotechnical Finite Element Analysis) software based on the generalized Hoek-Brown failure criterion. The studies are carried out on models covering the border area of the mine workings driven in the mass with the angles of rock occurrence from 0 to 75°. Findings. Experimental and numerical studies have shown that when the rock layer inclination angle changes, significant changes occur in the stress concentration zones around the mine workings. An increased rock layer inclination angle is accompanied by a change in stress distribution, which is important for assessing the stability of mine workings. A particularly strong influence is observed at the angles of rock occurrence 30° and above. Originality. The research novelty is in revealing the patterns in the stress distribution in the stratified rock masses depen-ding on the rock layer inclination angle. Research results provide new data on the rock interaction mechanisms in difficult geological conditions. Practical implications. The results obtained can be used in the planning and operation of mine workings in difficult geological conditions. By taking into account the changes in stress zones caused by the rock layer inclination angle, it is possible to improve the safety and efficiency of mining operations.

Carbonized hemp hurd powder for eco-friendly polybenzoxazine composite brake material: Excellent friction property and high mechanical performance

Non-asbestos and non-copper polybenzoxazine friction composites were developed with varying mass ratios of synthetic graphite (SG)/carbonized hemp hurd (CHH). Mechanical, thermal, and tribological properties of the polybenzoxazine friction composites were studied. The wear simulation of the polybenzoxazine friction composites has been performed with commercial ANSYS finite element analysis software. The strength and modulus under flexure mode, glass transition temperature of the polybenzoxazine friction composite samples were observed to be improved with increasing CHH content. It appears that the incorporation of the CHH into the polybenzoxazine friction composites not only enhanced the coefficient of friction (COF) but also improved the overall wear resistance of the units. The wear resistance and wear pattern obtained by the wear simulation also showed a good correlation with the experimental results. Based on the findings in this study, it is evident that the carbonized hemp hurd possesses a great potential to be used in green brake pad application.

Statics Analysis of a New Type of Wheeled Wind Crane

Under the background of the goal of "carbon peak, carbon neutrality", China's wind power development gradually transfers from the three northern regions to the central and eastern parts of the south, wind power installed capacity continues to increase, wind turbine height and single capacity continue to improve, while facing complex geographical environments such as mountains, forest areas, fish ponds, farmland, the functional demand for wind turbine hoisting equipment is increasing day by day. Due to the backwardness of China's metal material manufacturing technology and large wind power crane detection technology, the fatigue life of wind power crane is unpredictable, often in dangerous working conditions and negative loads, resulting in boom fatigue damage, which has a significant impact on personnel safety and national and company economic losses. Today, the demand for wind power has increased greatly, and the wind motor has changed from the previous slow speed, small wind blades and light weight to the single machine capacity is getting larger and larger, the blades are getting longer and longer, the tower height is getting higher and higher, and the lifting parts are getting heavier and heavier. This has created the characteristics of high, large and heavy wind turbines today. Therefore, the traditional wind turbine hoisting equipment has been unable to meet the needs of wind power construction, such as the all-ground crane high cost, weak wind resistance; Crawler crane lifting weight and lifting height is insufficient, and the site required for installation and demolition is large; The traditional tower crane needs to be attached to the tower barrel, which has low disassembly efficiency and great influence on the tower barrel, which seriously restricts the rapid development of wind power construction. Therefore, it is urgent to develop wind power cranes that can better adapt to complex geographical environments, ultra-high towers, and large megawatt units, while reducing installation costs and improving the safety and efficiency of hoisting, it is necessary to carry out mechanical analysis of wind power crane equipment. In order to ensure the reliable operation of the wind power crane, improve the utilization rate, extend the service life of the equipment, prevent potential production safety hazards, and reduce equipment maintenance costs, it is necessary to master its static performance through theoretical analysis and calculation, in order to propose and implement the design optimization and improvement program and the later use and maintenance measures. Due to overload, cracks, fatigue and corrosion, various failures caused by wind power cranes may reduce or lose their pre-designed functions and roles. Therefore, it is necessary to deeply analyze the static performance of the crane, find the largest dangerous force parts, eliminate potential safety hazards, and ensure its safe, stable and reliable operation, to monitor such complex structural parts is not only time-consuming, and may not be able to truly detect the safety hazards. In order to solve these problems, ANSYS (finite element analysis software) is used to analyze the theoretical stress of the 3D structure model, and the theoretical dangerous stress position of the structure is solved. Provide strong data support for the design and development of wind power crane industry in the later stage

Finite element (FE) analysis of thermal stress in production process of multi-layer lining ladle

This paper presented the development of the thermo-mechanical coupling model and simulation analysis of a composite refractory layer ladle. The thermomechanical modeling of the ladle was carried out using the Finite Element Method (FEM), taking into account the joints between the slag line bricks as well as the contact between the composite refractory layers. The temperature and thermal stress characteristics of the overall ladle structure under different transit conditions were investigated using the finite element analysis software ANSYS. We also performed a comparative analysis on the improvement effect of thermal stresses by expansion joints of different sizes. The simulation results were validated with previous studies. The results showed that the installation of expansion joints within a suitable range did not significantly change the thermal expansion characteristics of the refractory lining, but it also reduced the thermal stress level of the lining to a large extent. A larger temperature gradient produced higher thermal stresses, and in the direction of the ladle height, the more downward the position of its maximum compressive stress was greater. Under different working conditions, compared with the axial and hoop stress, the radial stress was small in magnitude. Axial stress exhibited a greater degree of sensitivity to pressure variations than hoop stress. The developed thermodynamic model considering the full contact between the bricks and the refractory layer gave us a more complete view of the physical field laws inside the ladle.

Study on numerical simulation and mechanical properties of anchor cable with C-shaped tube subjected to shearing

To examine the disparity in deformation behavior and mechanical qualities between anchor cables with C-shaped tubes and regular anchor cables under shear conditions. The double-sided shear tests of free-section anchor cables and anchor cables with C-shaped tubes were conducted utilizing the indoor large-scale double-shear test equipment with varying pretension loads. The indoor double-shear tests indicate that the inclusion of the C-shaped tube alters the stress distribution of the anchor cables inside the anchor cables with C-shaped tubes and mitigates the impact of stress concentration. Moreover, it facilitates the transition of the anchor cable's failure mode from a mix of tensile and shear breaking to mainly tensile breakage. In addition, ABAQUS finite element analysis software was used to establish a double shear test model of the anchor cable with C-shaped tube to accurately simulate the interaction and stress distribution among the anchor cable, C-shaped tube, and concrete block in the double shear test. The findings of the simulation results reveal that the numerical model can adequately depict the evolution of the stress distribution in the prestressed anchored structure and the damage of the concrete block with increasing shear displacement. The relational equation for the yield state of the anchor cable with C-shaped tube under combined tensile and shear loads is found by integrating the experimental and simulation data, the static beam theory, and the concept of minimal potential energy.

Effect of Fiber Orientation and Volume Fraction on Young's Modulus for Unidirectional Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites: A Numerical Investigation

The modulus of elasticity of unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites greatly depends on the fiber orientation and the fiber volume fraction. This paper investigates the effects of fiber orientation and fiber volume fraction using the commercially available Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software Abaqus. Carbon fiber is the reinforcing material, while epoxy is used as the matrix. Representative Volume Element (RVE) of the unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced composites are modeled in Abaqus, and the unidirectional tensile test is simulated to determine the modulus of elasticity for different fiber orientations and fiber volume fractions. The numerical results are verified by previously published results and by experimental results. It is found that the modulus of elasticity of the composite is maximum when the fiber inclination angle is 0°, i.e., the fibers are placed along the loading direction. As the fiber orientation angle increases, the modulus of elasticity also decreases and is almost constant after 45°. A linear increase in modulus of elasticity is observed for an increase in fiber volume fraction. This model will help the researcher to select the appropriate fiber orientation and volume fraction for a specific application.

Study on Seismic Mechanical Properties of Reinforced Concrete Energy Dissipation Wall and Seismic Response Analysis of Structure

Utilizing the nonlinear finite element analysis software, ABAQUS, an examination is undertaken to evaluate the ductility characteristics and seismic design methodologies pertinent to a representative reinforced concrete hollow high pier. The research encompasses several focal areas: elucidation of seismic design strategies related to ductility categories, exploration of plastic energy dissipation mechanisms, determination of ductility indices, and delineation of structural measures to enhance ductility. Employing the nonlinear FEA software, ABAQUS, it is recommended that the longitudinal reinforcement ratio for ductile piers fall within the range of 0.6% to 4%. Furthermore, for flexible bridge piers, the maximum spacing of confinement reinforcements should either exceed 100 mm, be sixfold the diameter of the longitudinal reinforcement, or equate to at least one-quarter of the pier column’s bending direction section width. Combined with the influence of high pier ductility seismic axial pressure ratio, reinforcement, concrete factors such as factor analysis results, put forward and checking a reinforced concrete hollow high pier ductility seismic optimization scheme, increase the strength of the plastic hinge area section, through the comparative analysis in different seismic strength of plastic hinge unit cloth, maximum ductility coefficient and pier top displacement to verify its influence on the ductile seismic.

Analysis and Comparison of Slope-cutting Widening Schemes in Highway Reconstruction and Expansion Project Based on MIDAS Software

In this paper, the geological condition of the right-side slope of the K114 + 694–K115 + 162 section of Yong-tai-wen Expressway is investigated and analyzed with the results showing that the strength of rock mass is the main contributor to the stability of the slope. Then, two widening schemes are proposed, which are the steep slope with strong support and the gentle slope with general support schemes. The static/slope module of MIDAS GTS finite element analysis software and the strength reduction method were used to compare the two schemes. The results show that the steep slope with a strong support scheme has obvious advantages in land requisition, environmental protection, and safety and is more suitable for reconstructing and expanding the highway slope.

A Temperature Prediction Model for Flexible Electronic Devices Based on GA-BP Neural Network and Experimental Verification.

The problem that the thermal safety of flexible electronic devices is difficult to evaluate in real time is addressed in this study by establishing a BP neural network (GA-BPNN) temperature prediction model based on genetic algorithm optimisation. The model uses a BP neural network to fit the functional relationship between the input condition and the steady-state temperature of the equipment and uses a genetic algorithm to optimise the parameter initialisation problem of the BP neural network. To overcome the challenge of the high cost of obtaining experimental data, finite element analysis software is used to simulate the temperature results of the equipment under different working conditions. The prediction variance of the GA-BPNN model does not exceed 0.57 °C and has good robustness, as the model is trained according to the simulation data. The study conducted thermal validation experiments on the temperature prediction model for this flexible electronic device. The device reached steady state after 1200 s of operation at rated power. The error between the predicted and experimental results was less than 0.9 °C, verifying the validity of the model's predictions. Compared with traditional thermal simulation and experimental methods, this model can quickly predict the temperature with a certain accuracy and has outstanding advantages in computational efficiency and integrated application of hardware and software.

Investigation of electrolyte pressure effect on blisk blades during electrochemical machining

PurposeThe purpose of this study is analysis of deformation and vibrations of turbine blades produced by high electrolyte pressure during electrochemical machining.Design/methodology/approachAn experimental setup was designed, experiments were conducted and the obtained results were compared with the finite element results. The deformations were measured according to various flow rates of electrolyte. In finite element calculations, the pressure distribution created by the electrolyte on the blade surface was obtained in the ANSYS® (A finite element analysis software) Fluent software and transferred to the static structural where the deformation analysis was carried out. Three different parameters were examined, namely blade thickness, blade material and electrolyte pressure on blade disk caused by mass flow rate. The deformation results were compared with the gap distances between cathode and anode.FindingsLarge deformations were obtained at the free end of the blade and the most curved part of it. The appropriate pressure values for the electrolyte to be used in the production of blisk blades were proposed numerically. It has been determined that high pressure applications are not suitable for gap distance lower than 0.5 mm.Originality/valueWhen the literature is examined, it is required that the high speed flow of the electrolyte is desired in order to remove the parts that are separated from the anode from the machining area during electrochemical machining. However, the electrolyte flowing at high speeds causes high pressure in the blisk blades, excessive deformation and vibration of the machined part, and as a result, contact of the anode with the cathode. This study provides important findings for smooth electro chemical machining at high electrolyte flows.

Effective multiscale structural analysis of thick sandwich structures with 3D woven composite face sheets and a soft core based on coupled micromechanics and refined zigzag theory

In this study, a novel multiscale analysis technique is presented for predicting the mechanical behavior of 3D woven composites. To this end, the model of the representative unit cell (RUC) is generated using SOLIDWORKS computer-aided design package by taking the optical microscopic images as a reference. The fiber volume fractions (FVF) of the impregnated yarns are calculated using the roving parameters and the dry fiber density for each tow separately. Homogenized properties are obtained by utilizing the finite element analysis (FEM) software ABAQUS. The proposed method simplifies the meso-modeling process of 3D woven composites as it does not require CT scanning for geometry generation or sophisticated localized fiber volume fraction measurements. The verification of the current model is carried out both in the meso scale where the RUC surface strains are compared with DIC results and in the macro scale where tensile and flexural tests are simulated and compared with the experiments. Finally, the applicability of this method is demonstrated through an assessment study of the 3D woven composites as facesheets in thick sandwich structures in an isogeometric refined zigzag framework.

Seismic Vulnerability Analysis of Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Structure under Main–Aftershock Earthquake Sequences

Earthquakes are often followed by higher-intensity aftershocks, which tend to aggravate the accumulated and more severe damage to building structures. The seismic vulnerability of concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) structures under major aftershocks is more complex. In this paper, a CFST frame and a frame with buckling-restrained braces (BRBs) are studied, and the finite element analysis software Midas 2022 is used to analyze the seismic vulnerability of the two types of structures under main shock and main–aftershock. The results show that the structural vulnerability of the two structures is significantly higher under the main–aftershock sequences than under the main shock alone. Compared with the CFST structure, the structure with BRBs can effectively reduce the structural displacement and the hysteretic energy, decrease the plastic deformation risk of the structural components, and improve the seismic performance. The structure with BRBs can significantly reduce the probability of structural collapse under the main–aftershock sequence and can provide a reliable guarantee of the stability of the building.

Analysis of Fluid Replacement in Two Fluidic Chambers for Oblique-Incidence Reflectivity Difference (OI-RD) Biosensor.

Optical biosensors have a significant impact on various aspects of our lives. In many applications of optical biosensors, fluidic chambers play a crucial role in facilitating controlled fluid delivery. It is essential to achieve complete liquid replacement in order to obtain accurate and reliable results. However, the configurations of fluidic chambers vary across different optical biosensors, resulting in diverse fluidic volumes and flow rates, and there are no standardized guidelines for liquid replacement. In this paper, we utilize COMSOL Multiphysics, a finite element analysis software, to investigate the optimal fluid volume required for two types of fluidic chambers in the context of the oblique-incidence reflectivity difference (OI-RD) biosensor. We found that the depth of the fluidic chamber is the most crucial factor influencing the required liquid volume, with the volume being a quadratic function of the depth. Additionally, the required fluid volume is also influenced by the positions on the substrate surface bearing samples, while the flow rate has no impact on the fluid volume.

Automated Generation and Internal Force Visualization for Box Culvert Based on Building Information Modeling

Box culverts, as a commonly employed structural form for culverts, play a critical role in traversing topographic barriers, ensuring the safety and smooth operation of transportation means such as roads and railways. However, traditional design methodologies are often time-consuming and prone to inaccuracies, failing to achieve the efficiency and precision required by modern engineering construction. To address these challenges, using the Revit 2021 and Midas Civil 2021 software platforms, we developed a Building Information Modeling (BIM) parametric modeling method for box culverts using Dynamo’s visual programming capabilities. This method enables the rapid and accurate automated generation of box culvert BIM models. Furthermore, this study proposes an effective strategy for conversion between box culvert BIM models and Midas Civil finite element models, as well as internal force visualization within a BIM project. A case study involving a box culvert underpass beneath an expressway in an urban setting was modeled parametrically and structurally validated, demonstrating that the approach not only significantly enhances modeling efficiency but also strengthens computational capabilities through bidirectional data exchange between BIM and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software. This research has effectively advanced the application and practical implementation of BIM technology in box culvert engineering.

Analysis of the impact of temperature on the spectral shift in ultraviolet hyperspectral imaging spectrometers.

The imaging spectrometer's high performance in practical applications may be compromised by environmental factors, particularly temperature variations, posing a challenge to its stability. Temperature fluctuations can induce spectral shift, directly impacting the accuracy of spectral measurements, subsequently influencing the precision of radiometric measurements. To address this issue, this study investigates a dual-channel UV imaging spectrometer. This instrument boasts a wavelength calibration accuracy of 0.01 nm. This paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the various mechanisms through which temperature changes influence the spectral line offset in the imaging spectrometer, integrating actual orbital temperature data to discuss the instrument's temperature load settings. The impact of temperature on spectral shift is examined using finite element analysis and optical design software. Estimations of spectral shift were made based on temperature variations. Simulation results indicated that the maximum deviation of spectral shift is estimated at 0.018 nm under a temperature condition of 16 ± 1°C. Under a more controlled orbital temperature condition (16 ± 0.3°C), the maximum deviation of spectral shift decreased to 0.01 nm. Experimental data revealed that at 16 ± 1°C, the maximum deviation of spectral shift did not exceed 0.01 nm. This effectively corroborates our theoretical analysis. The relationship between temperature and spectral shift offers a crucial theoretical foundation for calibrating spectral measurements and managing the thermal conditions of the instrument.

Study on the Speed Control and Heat Dissipation Performance of Cone-tube Permanent Magnet Governor

The speed regulation range, output torque, and heat dissipation performance are important performance indicators of permanent magnet speed regulators. Enhancing the speed regulation range and output torque, and reducing the heat generation power are of significant importance for expanding the application range of permanent magnet speed regulators. To address the issues of a single adjustment process, insufficient heat dissipation space, and inadequate torque transmission capability of the traditional straight-barrel permanent magnet speed regulator, a cone-barrel permanent magnet speed regulator with a magnetic rotor assembly structure was designed through the analysis of the structure and transmission characteristics of the traditional straight-barrel permanent magnet speed regulator. Using the ANSYS Maxwell finite element analysis software, the output torque characteristics of the cone-barrel structure were studied. Considering the effect of eddy current heating, a conjugate heat transfer model for the permanent magnet speed regulator was developed, and the heat dissipation performance of the cone-barrel structure was explored through ANSYS Fluent simulation analysis. The results indicate that compared to the traditional straight-barrel permanent magnet speed regulator, the cone-barrel regulator can provide greater output torque when fully coupled; at maximum power consumption, the air velocity over the surface of the cone-barrel permanent magnet speed regulator conductor is higher, resulting in better heat dissipation and thus a lower operating temperature.

Development of a BIM Platform for the Design of Single-Story Steel Structure Factories

Traditional design methods for single-story steel structure factories are characterized by low levels of digitalization and high error rates. To deal with these problems, a building information modeling (BIM) platform for the design of single-story steel structure factories was developed in this paper, which aimed to improve the design process for such structures. Firstly, the components of the factory were categorized, and the Revit API was employed to automate the generation of the BIM model. Load applications and combinations were then established using the Revit API, which relied on a set of predefined parameters. Secondly, this paper proposed the creation of a dedicated database for data exchange between BIM software and finite element analysis software. Additionally, the SAP2000 Open Application Programming Interface (OAPI) was employed for the automated construction and analysis of the SAP2000 structural model. Finally, the innovative use of Dynamo–Revit API hybrid programming allowed for the visualization of internal forces directly within the Revit environment, significantly diminishing the dependency on standalone FEA software. The application results obtained on a project demonstrated that the developed platform markedly improves the efficiency of design single-story steel structure factories and ensures the accuracy of the structural analysis. This confirms that the developed platform can transform the traditional design process by integrating advanced digital tools, thereby providing a novel approach to the design of single-story steel structure factories.

Stress Changes in the Canine Radius after Locking Plate Fixation Using Finite Element Analysis.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the stress changes in the radii beneath the locking plates (LP) of dogs implanted with LP using finite element analysis (FEA). The study included radii harvested from eight dogs. After computed tomography (CT) scans of the forelimb, the articular surface of the radius was fixed using resin. Material tests were conducted to identify the yield and fracture points and for verification with FEA. The CT data of the radius were imported into FEA software. The radii were classified into three groups based on the placement of the LP (nonplate placement, intact group; 1 mm above the radial surface, LP + 1 mm group; 3 mm above the radial surface, LP + 3 mm group). Equivalent, maximum, and minimum principal stresses and minimum principal strain were measured after FEA at the radial diaphysis beneath the plate. In shell elements, the LP + 1 mm and LP + 3 mm groups showed a significantly lower maximum principal stress compared with the intact group. In solid elements, the LP + 1 mm and LP + 3 mm groups showed a significantly higher equivalent stress and a significantly lower maximum principal stress compared with the intact group. When an axial load is applied to the radius, LP placement reduces the tension stress on the cortical bone of the radius beneath the plate, possibly related to implant-induced osteoporosis and bone formation in the cortical bone beneath the plate.