Fingerprint Lines Research Articles

PENINGKATAN KUALITAS CITRA SIDIK JARI DENGAN ALGORITMA MINUTIAE EXTRACTION DAN LEARNING VECTOR QUANTIZATION

Sistem pengenalan sidik jari bertujuan untuk mengindentifikasi seseorang. Kendala utama dalam pengenalan sidik jari seseorang, adalah karena citranya memiliki kualitas yang rendah. Kualitas tersebut disebabkan oleh jenis kulit yang berminyak, kering, kotor dan jenis scanner fingerprint yang digunakan. Untuk itu dilakukan peningkatan dengan tujuan memperbaiki citra sidik jari sebagai faktor utama penentu tingkat akurasi hasil pengenalan citra sidik jari. Agar citra sidik jari yang tidak jelas mudah diinterpretasi oleh manusia maupun mesin, maka perlu peningkatan kualitas citra tersebut dengan cara memperjelas garis sidik jarinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk peningkatan kualitas citra sidik jari dengan Algoritma Minutiae Extraction dan metode Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) sebagai pengujian. Pengujian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan 4 citra sebagai pelatihan pada setiap kelasnya. Adapun jumlah kelas pada pengujian ini seluruhnya 10 kelas dengan tiap kelas terdiri dari 10 citra. Pada pengujian 75 data citra sidik jari diperoleh tingkat akurasi 83.3333%.

Minutea Object Extraction in Fingerprint Image Using Morphological Methods and Gabor Filters

Minutiae is part of the fingerprint, which is the point where the fingerprint line stops or branches, which can be observed by scanning at a resolution of 500 pp. a fingerprint has minutiae that range from 50-100 pieces scattered throughout the surface of the fingerprint. To clarify the fingerprint can be done by extracting the minutiae contained in the fingerprint. With this extraction process, fingerprint images can be clarified, so identification of a fingerprint will be easy to do. This research extracts minutiae objects in the fingerprint image, so that the fingerprint line object can be seen clearly. The first stage in this research is object detection and edge detection using morphological methods. The next step is the extraction of minutiae objects with the gabor filter and minutiae extraction . The results obtained can display the fingerprint line of the fingerprint image clearly. From the results of testing 10 fingerprint images proved that the minutiae object in the image can be extracted, so that the fingerprint line of the image is clearer than the original image

Minutea Object Extraction in Fingerprint Image Using Morphological Methods and Gabor Filters (Ekstraksi Objek Minutea Pada Citra Sidik Jari Dengan Metode Morfologi dan Gabor Filter)

Minutiae is part of the fingerprint, which is the point where the fingerprint line stops or branches, which can be observed by scanning at a resolution of 500 pp. a fingerprint has minutiae that range from 50-100 pieces scattered throughout the surface of the fingerprint. To clarify the fingerprint can be done by extracting the minutiae contained in the fingerprint. With this extraction process, fingerprint images can be clarified, so identification of a fingerprint will be easy to do. This research extracts minutiae objects in the fingerprint image, so that the fingerprint line object can be seen clearly. The first stage in this research is object detection and edge detection using morphological methods. The next step is the extraction of minutiae objects with the gabor filter and minutiae extraction . The results obtained can display the fingerprint line of the fingerprint image clearly. From the results of testing 10 fingerprint images proved that the minutiae object in the image can be extracted, so that the fingerprint line of the image is clearer than the original image.

Resonant femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy with an intense actinic pump pulse: Application to conical intersections.

We theoretically investigate the feasibility of characterizing conical intersections with time-resolved resonant femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS) using an intense actinic pump pulse. We perform nonperturbative numerical simulations of FSRS signals for a three-electronic-state two-vibrational-mode model, which is inspired by the S2(ππ*)-S1(nπ*) conical intersection in pyrazine. Our results show that moderately strong actinic pulses increase the intensity of vibrational fingerprint lines in FSRS transients. They facilitate the extraction of useful spectroscopic information by enhancing peaks revealing the coupling and tuning modes of the conical intersection.

Anterior Stromal Puncture for the Treatment of Recurrent Corneal Erosion Syndrome: Patient Clinical Features and Outcomes

To evaluate the clinical features and outcomes of patients with recurrent corneal erosion syndrome who underwent anterior stromal puncture. Retrospective, nonrandomized, consecutive case series. Database search of patients from 2003-2013 who underwent anterior stromal puncture was conducted at a tertiary care hospital cornea clinic. Charts of 30 patients (35 eyes) were reviewed. Outcome measures included demographics, laterality, history of corneal trauma, prior ocular history, frequency and duration of symptoms, failed treatments, signs on examination, degree of symptom resolution, additional treatments needed, and complications. Mean patient age at presentation was 37 (± 11.5 SD) years, 60% were male. A total of 83.3% of patients had unilateral and 16.7% had bilateral involvement. In all, 62.9% of eyes had prior history of corneal trauma and 2.9% had prior laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis. Ninety-seven percent of eyes had symptoms of pain upon awakening refractory to conservative treatment. In 97% of eyes, there were findings of microcysts, fingerprint lines, loose epithelium, and/or faint scars. Mean follow-up was 14 months (range: 3-120 months). At final follow-up, 62.9% of eyes were symptom free and 37.1% experienced milder episodes. Seventeen percent required additional treatment: 16.6% superficial keratectomy, 66% repeat anterior stromal puncture, and 16.7% phototherapeutic keratectomy. No complications were observed. Anterior stromal puncture using a short (5/8 inch) 25 gauge bent needle is a simple, safe, and cost-effective procedure for symptomatic relief in patients with recurrent corneal erosion syndrome refractive to conservative measures. Repeat treatment may be performed prior to additional surgical intervention.

Guided-wave terahertz characterization of fingerprint lines in threat materials

Guided-wave terahertz characterization of fingerprint lines in threat materials

Temperature-induced chiral nematic phase changes of suspensions of poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)-grafted cellulose nanocrystals

Temperature-induced copolymers of poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)-grafted cellulose nanocrystals (PDMAEMA-grafted CNC) were synthesized by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The graft copolymers were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The size of the original CNC was 10–40 nm in width and 100–400 nm in length, as characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The liquid-crystalline properties of the graft copolymers were investigated by using polarizing optical microscopy (POM). The graft copolymers exhibited fingerprint texture in lyotropic state. The temperature-induced fingerprint texture changes of PDMAEMA-grafted CNC aqueous suspensions were investigated at various temperatures. With increasing temperature, the spacing of the fingerprint lines decreases. Temperature-induced changes of PDMAEMA polymer chains result in changes of fingerprint texture.

Fingerprint lines may not directly affect SA-I mechanoreceptor response

Understanding how skin microstructure affects slowly adapting type I (SA-I) mechanoreceptors in encoding edge discontinuities is fundamental to understanding our sense of touch. Skin microstructure, in particular papillary ridges, has been thought to contribute to edge and gap sensation. Cauna's 1954 model of touch sensibility describes a functional relationship between papillary ridges and edge sensation. His lever arm model proposes that the papillary ridge (exterior fingerprint line) and underlying intermediate ridge operate as a single unit, with the intermediate ridge acting as a lever which magnifies indentation imposed at the papillary ridge. This paper contests the validity of the lever arm model. While correctly representing the anatomy, this mechanism inaccurately characterizes the function of the papillary ridges. Finite element analysis and assessment of the critical anatomy indicate that papillary ridges have little direct effect on how SA-I receptors respond to the indentation of static edges. Our analysis supports a revised (stiff shell–elastic bending support) interpretation where the epidermis is split into two major layers with a stiff, deformable shell over an elastic bending support. Recent physiological, electrophysiological, and psychophysical findings support our conclusion that the function of the intermediate ridge is distinct from the function of the papillary ridge.

Naegeli-Franceschetti-Jadassohn Syndrome and Dermatopathia Pigmentosa Reticularis: Two Allelic Ectodermal Dysplasias Caused by Dominant Mutations in KRT14

Naegeli-Franceschetti-Jadassohn syndrome (NFJS) and dermatopathia pigmentosa reticularis (DPR) are two closely related autosomal dominant ectodermal dysplasia syndromes that clinically share complete absence of dermatoglyphics (fingerprint lines), a reticulate pattern of skin hyperpigmentation, thickening of the palms and soles (palmoplantar keratoderma), abnormal sweating, and other subtle developmental anomalies of the teeth, hair, and skin. To decipher the molecular basis of these disorders, we studied one family with DPR and four families with NFJS. We initially reassessed linkage of NFJS/DPR to a previously established locus on 17q11.2-q21. Combined multipoint analysis generated a maximal LOD score of 8.3 at marker D17S800 at a recombination fraction of 0. The disease interval was found to harbor 230 genes, including a large cluster of keratin genes. Heterozygous nonsense or frameshift mutations in KRT14 were found to segregate with the disease trait in all five families. In contrast with KRT14 mutations affecting the central alpha -helical rod domain of keratin 14, which are known to cause epidermolysis bullosa simplex, NFJS/DPR-associated mutations were found in a region of the gene encoding the nonhelical head (E1/V1) domain and are predicted to result in very early termination of translation. These data suggest that KRT14 plays an important role during ontogenesis of dermatoglyphics and sweat glands. Among other functions, the N-terminal part of keratin molecules has been shown to confer protection against proapoptotic signals. Ultrastructural examination of patient skin biopsy specimens provided evidence for increased apoptotic activity in the basal cell layer where KRT14 is expressed, suggesting that apoptosis is an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of NFJS/DPR.

Two Dimensional Finite Element Modeling to Identify Physiological Bases for Tactile Gap Discrimination

Tactile edge and gap detection are fundamental to performing manual tasks. Because slowly adapting type I (SA-I) mechanoreceptors encode details pertinent to edge localization, understanding low-level encoding is critical to understanding edge perception. Solid mechanics models may help us understand how mechanoreceptors in the skin encode applied surface indentation into neural signals representing edges. Finite element models test whether an indenter separated by a gap creates unique stress/strain distributions in models based upon orientation to fingerprint lines. Results indicate that a gap axis parallel to ridge lines elicits a more pronounced signal than a gap axis perpendicular to ridge lines. The differences may be due to underlying intermediate ridge microstructure. The percentage differences for three derived stress metrics range from 30-87% greater when the indenter's gap axis parallels the ridges. This initial effort demonstrates that underlying skin microstructure may aid tactile perception of stimulus orientation.

Microvascularization of the human digit as studied by corrosion casting.

The aim of this study was to describe microcirculation in the human digit, focusing on the vascular patterns of its cutaneous and subcutaneous areas. We injected a functional supranumerary human thumb (Wassel type IV) with a low-viscosity acrylic resin through its digital artery. The tissues around the vessels were then digested in hot alkali and the resulting casts treated for scanning electron microscopy. We concentrated on six different areas: the palmar and dorsal side of the skin, the eponychium, the perionychium, the nail bed and the nail root. On the palmar side, many vascular villi were evident: these capillaries followed the arrangement of the fingerprint lines, whereas on the dorsal side they were scattered irregularly inside the dermal papillae. In the hypodermal layer of the palmar area, vascular supports of sweat glands and many arteriovenous anastomoses were visible, along with glomerular-shaped vessels involved in thermic regulation and tactile function. In the eponychium and perionychium, the vascular villi followed the direction of nail growth. In the face of the eponychium in contact with the nail, a wide-mesh net of capillaries was evident. In the nail bed, the vessels were arranged in many longitudinal trabeculae parallel to the major axis of the digit. In the root of the nail, we found many columnar vessels characterized by multiple angiogenic buttons on their surface.

Towards Radiation‐Sensitive Quasi‐Biological Display

The pitch of the columnar cholesteric mesophase formed by the dinucleoside phosphate d(GpG) and water becomes shorter after exposure to γ radiation. This effect can be measured directly with an optical microscope from the distance between the fingerprint lines. The inverse pitch is linearly correlated to the dose absorbed between 0 and 20 kGy.

Cholesteric Textures of Aqueous Hydroxypropylcellulose Solutions

Abstract Liquid crystalline textures exhibited by aqueous solutions of hydroxypropylcellulose were investigated by video-enhanced contrast polarized light microscopy. For the first time in this particular system, typical cholesteric structures, such as oily streaks and fingerprint lines, were resolved in close detail by light microscopy. Biphasic separation was observed even in samples of concentration well above the critical value generally accepted for mesophase formation at room temperature (∼40% wt). The dependence of the helical pitch on polymer concentration was also studied, by Fourier transforming images of the cholesteric textures.

Epithelial corneal basement membrane dystrophy

Dystrophy of the basement membrane of the corneal epithelium is an autosomal-dominant disease. Three distinct forms of opacity occur, either in isolation or in combination with one another. These are (1) dotlike opacities, (2) maplike opacities and (3) fingerprint lines. The present paper describes a family in which 6 members show only the characteristic signs of superficial maplike corneal opacities. There have been no recurrent corneal erosions. In addition, 7 "isolated cases" are described in which both the pure and combined forms of opacity have been observed. The dotlike opacities are demonstrable only when maplike alterations are also present. The patholomechanism leading to these dotlike changes cannot be explained by aberrance of the basement membrane alone. Cases of the three forms of opacity which may occur as secondary phenomena have to be distinguished from the dystrophic form.

Resonance Raman spectra of bacteriorhodopsin's primary photoproduct: evidence for a distorted 13-cis retinal chromophore.

We have obtained the resonance Raman spectrum of bacteriorhodopsin's primary photoproduct K with a novel low-temperature spinning sample technique. Purple membrane at 77 K is illuminated with spatially separated actinic (pump) and probe laser beams. The 514-nm pump beam produces a photostationary steady-state mixture of bacteriorhodopsin and K. This mixture is then rotated through the red (676 nm) probe beam, which selectively enhances the Raman scattering from K. The essential advantage of our successive pump-and-probe technique is that it prevents the fluorescence excited by the pump beam from masking the red probe Raman scattering. K exhibits strong Raman lines at 1516, 1294, 1194, 1012, 957, and 811 cm-1. The effects of C15 deuteration on K's fingerprint lines correlate well with those seen in 13-cis model compounds, indicating that K has a 13-cis chromophore. However, the presence of unusually strong "low-wavenumber" lines at 811 and 957 cm-1, attributable to hydrogen out-of-plane wags, indicates that the protein holds the chromophore in a distorted conformation after trans leads to cis isomerization.

Anterior membrane dystrophy following cataract extraction.

This paper describes a patient with previously normal corneas who underwent bilateral cataract surgery. This was followed by acute dehiscence of the epithelium and the eventual appearance of fingerprint lines, microcysts, and map-like areas typical of Cogan's microcystic dystrophy. Light and electron microscopy showed the presence of epithelial microcysts and a seam of subepithelial material like basement membrane. It is suggested that this patient represents a rapid transition from apparent normality to an extensive anterior membrane dystrophy, precipitated by operation for cataract.

Recurrent erosion of the cornea.

Altogether, 80 patients aged between 24 and 73 years with recurrent erosion of the cornea have been studied and compared with a control group of 200. The patients' erosions were divisible into macroform and microform types. The macroform occurred in 10%, the microform in 56%, and both types in the same patients in 31%. The macroform was more commonly related to trauma than the microform. However, many (40%) were spontaneous in origin. The most common cause of the initial trauma was a finger nail. The recurrences occurred at around the time of waking, either just before or just after. Difficulty in opening the eye occurred in 10%. There was little evidence of precipitating factors, but eye rubbing was admitted by 10% and barbiturates were implicated in 3%. The corneae were examined in the healed state, when a high incidence (59%) were found to have superficial corneal dystrophies of the fingerprint lines, bleb, and Bietti's lacunar (map-like) types. These are considered individually, particular attention being paid to the distinction between the various types of line resembling the fingerprint line. Epithelial microcysts were also a common finding (59%) and were sometimes of the Cogan type. In only 11% of patients were there no corneal signs in the healed state. The need for careful examination of the cornea by retroillumination, using both the iris and the fundus, is stressed. The control group, in contrast, showed a very low incidence of dystrophies and cysts. Treatment was given initially with either drops or ointment and no differences in healing were found. Debridement was performed in 12 eyes as an initial treatment and also in four eyes which were not healing on medical treatment. Debridement assisted healing, but did not prevent recurrence. One eye was treated with debridement and scarification and seven with carbolization. These procedures appeared to reduce the recurrence rate. Sodium chloride ointment 5% was found useful as a prophylactic taken at bedtime, and the recurrence rate increased when it was withdrawn.

Superficial Lines and Associated Disorders of the Cornea

In a clinical classification of fine superficial corneal lines, we recognized five major types of line: mare's tail lines, fibrillary lines, fingerprint lines, lacunar dystrophy or map-like changes, and tram lines. The fingerprint lines were further classified into several subgroups. There was a relationship between certain lines, in particular, fingerprint lines and lacunar dystrophy or map-like change with the occurrence of Cogan's microcystic dystrophy and recurrent erosion.

Fibrillary lines of the cornea. A clinical sign in keratoconus.

Fibrillary lines, whether in the normal cornea or in keratoconus, are faint structures which must be searched for diligently with the appropriate biomicroscopical settings, using a high magnification and oblique focal illumination of high intensity. They are unlikely to be confused with other superficial linear changes in the cornea, such as mare's tail epithelial lines, fingerprint lines and their variants, ring lines, and so on. A detailed description of these and other entities is given elsewhere (Brown and Bron, in preparation).

Fingerprint dystrophy of the cornea. A histologic study.

A case of fingerprint corneal dystrophy with epithelial cysts has been studied histologically, using ultrathin sections for light and electron microscopy. Fingerprint lines that are ensheathed in normal basement membrane consist of a fibrillogranular protein apparently a product of the corneal epithelium. They are continuous with a subepithelial seam of similar, friable material thus accounting for the ready dehiscence and recurrent breakdown of the epithelium. Moribund cells stimulate fusion of epithelial cells to form multinucleate giant cells. These seclude degenerating cells that thus sequestered are taken by centripetal cell movement toward the tear film where they are discharged. The histologic evidence suggests that fingerprint dystrophy, the microcystic dystrophy of Cogan, and the recurrent erosion syndrome are closely related disorders.