Substitution Of Fine Aggregate Research Articles

Analysis of flexural capacity in hybrid high strength reinforced concrete beams with additive, fine aggregate, and coarse aggregate substitutions

High-strength concrete is formed with a low water-cement ratio value, so it requires large amounts of cement, aggregate, and additives (silica fume) and admixture superplasticizer. Therefore it is necessary to do further research on the use of additional substitute materials. This study aims to analyze the flexural capacity of high-strength hybrid concrete beams using materials from Charcoal combustion fly ash, palm, pozzolanic sand, and hematite nanomaterials as additives and aggregate substitutions. In this study, 7 beams measuring 15 x 30 x 220 cm were tested for each additive variation and aggregate substitution of one specimen and one normal beam specimen. The test object is designed to experience flexural failure. The results showed that all beams failed flexibly as planned. The highest flexural capacity in reinforced concrete beams with additive variation of Charcoal fly ash and substitution of palm shell fine aggregate (BBMTHBB - KCS) is 257.707 KN or 14.217% higher than reinforced concrete beams without additive and substitution variations (BBMTH Normal) with a value of flexural capacity of 225.628 KN. It can be concluded that additive variation and aggregate substitution can increase the value of flexural and deflection capacity but are unable to add ductility values to high-strength hybrid concrete.

The effect of m-sand and waste marble for strength of concrete

Concrete is a construction material composed of cement, water, and aggregate in the form of sand and gravel. Furthermore, Indonesia experiences a yearly increase in the need for building material, including concrete, due to the rise in development. Smooth and coarse aggregate materials are required to manufacture concrete with the inappropriate disposal of waste marble, adversely impacting environmental pollution. Therefore, tremendous efforts need to be carried out to reduce environmental problems associated with the disposal of waste marble to provide adequate economic value for construction and reduce the collection of rough aggregates in the river. A lot of industrial companies are needed to produce a coarse aggregate with various size variants, thereby, manufacturing waste, also known as M-Sand. The stone ash is one of the numerous coarse aggregate materials that are less desirable in concrete production. Therefore, this study was carried out to determine the compressive strength and water absorption content between fine and coarse concrete using a variety of coarse aggregate replacement materials from the waste marble with a 40% M-Sand substitute. The results showed waste marble variations of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% substitution of coarse aggregate with 40% M Sand substitution of fine aggregate. The optimum compressive strength was found in variation 3 (40% M Sand + Waste Marble 50%) of 35.801 MPa at 28 days, with the optimum water absorption obtained at variation 1 (40% M-Sand + 0% Waste Marble) at 1.77%. By analysing the waste marble result of R close to 1, it is concluded that this variation can act as an alternative to the composition of a concrete mixture.

Utilization of Iron Sand Waste and Bottom Ash as Alternate Concrete-making Materials

Purpose: This Research to know whether the waste of iron sand and bottom ash can be used as substitute aggregate looks at the percentage of bottom ash and iron sand waste as fine aggregate for concrete production. The use of such waste as a material for making concrete will reduce waste that can pollute the environment. Methodology: The planned concrete compressing strength is fc '= 20 Mpa and the materials to be used are cement, water, sand as fine aggregate and gravel as coarse aggregate. This Research used 25 cylindrical concrete specimens with a variety of ages 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The process is divided into 6 stages: preparation, aggregate testing, planning (mix design), test specimen production, concrete curing and testing specimens. Results: The results of this Research stated that bottom ash and iron sand waste could be used as a substitution of fine aggregate for making concrete. Based on several tests, the ratio of iron sand waste and bottom ash which is the closest to the gradation of zone 2 (ideal zone) is the percentage of the iron sand waste mixture of 40% - 60% bottom ash that enters zone 2 (rather rough). Suggestions for further Research are to use coarse aggregate whose size varies and use admixture in concrete mixtures. Applications/Originality/Value: Expectations from this Research can provide benefits, among others, can reduce the environmental impact of waste to the surrounding community and provide information for the dive the world community, especially the construction of the benefits and usefulness of iron sand waste and bottom ash as a building material.

EFFECT OF SLAG AND GLASS ON CONCRETE PROPERTIES

New innovative ways are being developed to recycle by-products and waste material in concrete that otherwise would end up in landfill. Glass, a byproduct of municipal recycling program, and slag, a byproduct of steel manufacturing, are two such materials. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of partially substituting sand with glass powder and cement with slag on compressive strength and electrical resistivity of concrete. A total of 16 concrete mixtures including one control with different substitution level of sand with glass and cement with slag were designed and further tested for compressive strength. Portland cement was substituted with 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% slag by weight. On the other hand, fine aggregates (or sand) was substituted with glass sand, with level of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% by weight. Additional selected mixes were prepared by substituting both cement (20%, 40%, 50%) and fine aggregates (20%, 40%, 60%) with slag and glass, respectively. Cement substitution with slag up to 40% was found to increase the compressive strength of concrete beyond which decrease in strength was noticed. Fine aggregate substitution with glass powder produced concrete weaker than the control specimens. Mixes prepared by substituting 40% cement with slag and 20% fine aggregates with glass powder produced highest strength among all the different combinations of slag and glass containing specimens.

An Experimental Study on Behavior of Sustainable Rubberized Concrete Mixes

In terms of recycling and reuse, today's global generation of waste tire well exceeds its consumption. This has resulted in the accumulation of large stocks of toxic rubber waste that raise health and safety risks. The use of waste tire rubber for the construction of the concrete structure was suggested to combat this challenge. This paper explores tests that were performed with samples of waste tire rubber concrete to evaluate compressive strength, flexural tensile strength, modulus of rupture, and impacts resistance. The main parameters investigated were the rubber ratio as a partial volumetric replacement with fine and coarse aggregate. Chip and crumb rubbers were used to replace coarse and fine aggregate respectively in four different amounts by volume (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%). Even if the inclusion of waste tire rubber in concrete has specific apparent degradations, the potential benefit seems to overlook the adverse effects and also meet the primary significant value of resolution for rubber waste utilization problems. The results show that the substitution of natural fine or coarse aggregates with crump-chip tier rubber will reduce mechanical properties (compressive, flexural and splitting tensile strength), but increase the impacts resistance to 426% and 396% when 20% coarse aggregates and 20% fine aggregates are replaced by rubber respectively. The proposed mix shows an ability to replace 20% of the aggregate (coarse or fine), and the producing, rubcrete, still structural concrete.

Estimation of Rubber Waste Concrete Properties by Ultrasonic Velocities: Effect of Transducers’ Diameters and Frequencies

Abstract This experimental study aimed to use the ultrasonic pulse velocity method (UPV) in order to investigate the effect of rubber tire waste content and transducers’ diameters and frequencies on the evolution of ultrasonic velocities in time and to elucidate the correlations between UPV and the properties of various concrete mixtures. The incorporation of this waste involved volume substitution (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) of fine aggregates (sand) by rubber waste (RW) granulates. The dry unit weight, porosity, compressive and flexural strengths, and velocity of ultrasonic waves with different transducers - which presents the non-destructive technique - were evaluated. Rubberized concrete mixtures showed increases in porosity with lower dry unit weight compared to the control concrete. Compressive strength, flexural strength and ultrasonic velocity obtained by all transducers decreases with increasing RW content. These decreases are not influenced by the curing age of concretes. Decreases in the diameter and frequency of transducers caused reductions in ultrasonic velocity. These reductions are not influenced by the volume replacement of sand by RW. Correlations showed that ultrasonic velocity represents a reliable non-destructive technique for measuring the properties of rubberized concretes.

Flexural Strength Analysis of Styrofoam Concrete Hollow Panel Walls Incorporated with High Volume Fly Ash

Purpose: One of the innovations needed to create lightweight wall is possible by using Styrofoam as a partially fine aggregate substitution. This study was conducted to study the flexural strength of Styrofoam lightweight concrete panel walls with a high-volume fly ash content in a square column connection. Methodology: The size of the wall panel used is 120 x 30 x 10 cm with 10 x 10 cm square column holes as support on both sides. In the centre of the wall panel, four square holes with a dimension of 18 x 4 cm were created. The variations of fine aggregate replacement with Styrofoam were 50% and 60% by the volume of fine aggregate, while the use of Fly ash is 50% as partially cement substitution. SCC (Self Compacting Concrete) method was used to manufacture this kind of concrete. Results: The results of Slump Flow T50 test for 50% and 60% Styrofoam variations are 64 cm and 59 cm, while the concrete weight-volumes are1387.7 kg/m3 and 1259.4 kg/m3. Compressive strength test for both variations are 42.62 Kg/cm2 and 31.71 kg/cm2. Stiffness values for both variations are 1434.7 N/mm and 1125 N/mm. This study also analysed the maximum length of the panel wall in which for 50% Styrofoam variation is 4 m and 60% Styrofoam variation is 3.2 m. Applications/ Originality/ Value: Research on Styrofoam concrete hollow panel walls incorporated with high volume fly ash is significant since it opens the possibility to reduce the Styrofoam waste.

Effect of Partial Substitution of Fine Aggregate with Copper Slag on Mechanical and Durability of High Performance Concrete-A Review

The challenge before the construction industry is to meet the demand of the efficient and economically viable construction materials posed by the huge infrastructural needs. Many nations are observing an expeditious growth in the field of construction necessitating the utilization of natural reserves for the expansion of infrastructure. This expansion is giving a warning to available reserves of nature. The natural ingredients, fine aggregates and coarse aggregate constitute more than 70% volume of the concrete. The availability of these resources is decreasing at a very high pace. In fact due to the severe problem with the availability of natural sand, the construction industry is faced with the pressing need to consider available options to lessen the reliance on natural aggregates. Copper slag being a waste material, can be used as an option for fine aggregates. The substitution of fine aggregate from nature with waste materials from industries such as copper slag offers economic and technical dominance, which are of pronounced significance in the present scenario. This study is, based on the critical review of the development of High Performance Concrete (HPC) by replacing fine aggregate with copper slag by observing various other researches and reviews. The key intent of this paper is to closely look at the copper slag utility as an unconventional material to be used as a substitute of fine aggregate and its effect on mechanical and durability parameters of HPC.

INFLUENCE OF PRESATURATED SUGARCANE BAGASSE ASH PELLETS IN CONCRETE

This paper summarizes the experimental investigation on mechanical behavior of concrete in which Sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) pellets is used as a partial replacement of fine aggregate. As river sand is a scanty material now a day, there is an urgent need to look into alternate material. Now a day’s artificial aggregate are popular as a substitution of fine aggregate to make better concrete. Sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) aggregate pellets derived from waste sugarcane bagasse which is available plentifully. The concrete made by partially replacing M-sand with presaturated SCBA aggregate for self curing purpose is investigated. At that, maximum of 20% (by volume) was replaced. Workability and mechanical properties are analyzed. Test results indicate the concrete mix with 15% replacement by volume of SCBA aggregate exhibited better results in case of self curing condition, when compared to other mixes.

Compressive Strength of Structural Lightweight Concrete Using Styrofoam as an Aggregate Substitution

Concrete is one of the important components making up the construction structure. In its development, innovations in the manufacture of concrete both in mixed materials and concrete working methods continue to develop. Lightweight concrete with a mixture of Styrofoam as an aggregate substitution is one of the innovations made as an alternative to natural aggregate which cannot be renewed and can be used up at any time. This study aims to determine the effect of the addition of styrofoam as an aggregate substitution on workability, density, absorption and compressive strength of concrete. The method used in this study is an experimental method of structural lightweight concrete using styrofoam as a substitution of coarse and fine aggregates. Data obtained from testing directly in the laboratory. The variations in the use of Styrofoam as a gross aggregate substitution of 0%, 50%, 100% then continued with 25% and 50% fine aggregate substitution, for the results of density, absorption and compressive strength, respectively decreased as the volume of aggregate substitution increased.

Sustainability assessment of arsenic-iron bearing groundwater treatment soil mixed mortar in developing countries, Bangladesh

The open disposal of groundwater treated soil containing arsenic (As) and iron (Fe) is a critical environmental issue in developing countries like Bangladesh. The current study attempts to use the arsenic-iron soil (AIS) as partial replacement of aggregate for preparing the sustainable solid mortar composite. Four dosages (2.5–10%) of AIS were applied as the substitution of fine aggregate for finding the optimum quantity of AIS, justifying by strength and nominal leaching content of As and Fe in pH solution 4.0 and 7.0 and curing temperatures of 25, 30, and 35 °C. Also, the external surfaces of solidified matrices were modified with cement grouting solution and cement plaster to resist the migration of concerned contaminants to curing media. The analytical compressive and flexural strength results showed that the solid mortars blended with 2.5 and 5% AIS obtained over 80% of the control specimens throughout the testing ages. Moreover, the study found that 5% AIS bearing hardened composition with exterior cement plaster exhibited the releasing contents of As and Fe below the drinking water standard in both pH solutions and adopted three curing temperatures, which is safe as well as economical to use as a construction material. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis also demonstrated the encapsulation patterns of target contaminants by forming hard microstructures of calcium silicate hydrate, ettringite and calcium-arsenic compounds. The outcomes of the study showed the potentiality of recycling the contaminated groundwater treatment soil as building materials in an eco-friendly way.

Eco Concrete Characterization Using Steel Slag and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag as Partial Replacement of Sand and Cement Respectively

The waste products of the factory mainly steel slag and GGBFS (ground granulated blast furnace slag) are used and recycled to gain concrete of different requirements related to strength and durability. In this research, it is intended to examine the impact of ground granulated blast furnace slag and steel slag replacement for cement and fine aggregate respectively. Both materials are taken from a factory of reinforcement bars which is located around Akaki kality sub-city, known as Akaki steel factory. The research additionally addresses X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope techniques (SEM), and chemical composition of major oxides and minor oxides of the blast furnace slag. The main objective of this research targets in investigating an experimental aspect of replacing by-products of steel slag and ground granulated blast furnace slag partially on concrete production. It addresses the issue of a more expedite and urgent issue of our globalized world, climate change by replacing part of the concrete with these waste products. The followings are the main steps to carry out the researchAnalysis of properties of materials used as steel slag and ground granulated blast furnace slag. Blast furnace slag and steel slag mixed concrete mix design for partial substitution of cement and fine aggregate respectively. Find out the optimum replacement level of steel slag and that of ground granulated blast furnace slag in concrete. The thesis puts forward an experimental based analysis to determine the extent to which the industrial waste materials play a role in partial substitution of fine aggregate and cement in the preparation of concrete. From the experiments demonstrated flexural, tensile, and compressive strength of concrete is higher when GGBFS is replaced up to 5% of the cement and that of steel slag up to 30% of the sand.

Influence of Different Particle Sizes of Blast-Furnace Slag as a Fine Aggregate on Mechanical Strength and Abrasion Resistance of Concrete

This paper aims to study the effect of different particle sizes of granulated blast-furnace slag (GBFS) as a partial or full natural fine aggregate substitution in concretes with different water/cement (w/c) ratios. Natural sand fine aggregate was substituted with GBFS at ratios ranging from 25% to 100%, by weight. Two different particle sizes of GBFS (0.16 and 0.5 mm) and w/c ratios (0.5 and 0.6) were used. Workability, mechanical strength and abrasion resistance at ages ranging from 7 to 180 days were measured. The morphology of selected concrete samples were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed a negative effect of GBFS fine aggregate on the workability of concrete mixtures. The incorporation of GBFS as a fine aggregate in concretes may increase or decrease mechanical strength and abrasion resistance. This depending on its particle size as well as w/c ratio.

Effect of using geopolymer flyash on torsion capacity of hybrid high-strength reinforced concrete beams containing fine and coarse aggregates substitution which added iron ores as filler

High demand for advanced infrastructure leads to the use of high-strength concrete. Complex, futuristic and asymmetrical building construction may create dangerous torsional load and moment, mainly due to earthquake. Using large amount of cement makes high-strength concrete not environmentally friendly. The use of natural aggregates continuously reduced its availability. Efforts to substitute cement and aggregate from abundant and environmentally-friendly natural materials could be smart solution. This study aims to analyze the torsional capacity of high-strength cantilever reinforced concrete beams having L configuration with a torque arm. Three hybrid beams were cast with substitution of 15% coal flyash (CFA), 15% palm oil blast furnace slag (POSFA) and 10% pozzolanic flyash (PFA) from cement weight, added with 10% pozzolanic sand as fine aggregate substitution and 40% palm oil blast furnace slag as coarse aggregate substitution. One beam without flyash and aggregate substitution (NPBHSC) was tested as comparison. All four beams added with iron ore as filler. The best torsion capacity achieved by PFA beam with maximum load (P) 2.83 ton, maximum torsion moment (M) 10.4 kNm, maximum torsion angle (Θ) 0.0225 rad, ductility (µ) 3.941 and cylinder compressive strength (σ) 59.48 MPa, when compared to NPBHSC beam which produced P = 2.65 ton, M = 9.638 kNm, Θ = 0.0069 rad, µ = 1.008 and σ = 44.40 MPa. POSFA beam followed then by CFA beam resulted in slightly smaller P and M, but generated greater σ, Θ and µ than NPBHSC. It can be concluded that geopolymer flyash can increase compressive strength, torsion capacity and ductility of high-strength reinforced concrete beams.

Mechanical Properties of Concrete with Substitution of Fine and Coarse Aggregate by Waste Materials in Concrete

Paper Construction industry has been conducted various studies on the utilization of waste materials in concrete productions in order to decrease the usage of natural resources. This research paper exhibits the evaluation and the effective reuse of waste construction materials and industries, such as cuddapah waste aggregate as partial replacement of conventional coarse aggregate and copper slag as partial replacement of river sand (fine aggregate). Experiments were conducted to find out the mechanical properties of concrete such as compressive, splitting tensile, flexural strengths and the modulus of elasticity of concrete for waste materials aggregate concrete and to compare them with those of conventional aggregate concrete. Results appear that waste materials in concrete have the potential to produce good quality concrete mixtures.

Flexural Performance of Self Consolidating, Self Cured Concrete Beams -Incorporating Sap

Self- Compacting Concrete (SCC) is a sort of Concrete that possesses high flowing, passing ability, which can be placed and compacted due to its own weight without any peripheral compaction effort, at the same time it is cohesive enough to be handled without any segregation or bleeding distinctiveness. This Research Study presents an experimental exploration Flexural behavior of Internal cured Self Compacting Concrete (ICSCC) with fine aggregate substitution by Crushed Rock Fines (CRF) at 0%& 30%, with silica fume as supplementary for cementitious material. Mix Proportions for ICSCC, controlled specimens SCC and Normal Conventional Concrete (NCC) M40 grade is arrived. For each concrete mixes 150mm X 150mm x150mm cubes and 100 X230 X 1500mm beams were casted and exposed to internal curing at ambient temperatures for 7 and 28 days. The results arrived for ICSCC mixes were paralleled with controlled specimens of SCC and NCC. Appropriate materials were selected to have a better performance to ensure efficient internal curing in the concrete mass. The Flow Properties of SCC, ICSCC mixes have been performed as per EFNARC Stds and results of flow properties were within limits. Analysis made from the experimental exploration is accomplished that the Flexural characteristics for ICSCC mixes curried at ambient temperature found acceptable.

Efficacy of Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete by using Supplementary Cementitious Materials

Concrete is a building material which is being utilized excessively in the world adjacent to water. The nature is influenced due to the extraction of raw matter and also because of the evolution of gases like CO2. In the ongoing years, there is a speedy growth in the production of waste materials like glass wastes, plastic, Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag, silica fume, coal ash, wood ash, rice husk ash, etc. Controlling and discarding issues emerge due to these wastes and inflict havoc on the nature. So as to curtail these issues, the waste materials are used as additives or partial substitutions for cement and aggregates in construction field. This paper focuses on strength properties and durability of concrete containing glass fibers by partial substitution of cement and fine aggregate with GGBS and Coal ash respectively. For this work, mix design using IS method is prepared for M30 grade and the tests are conducted for various dosages of glass fibers as 0.5, 1%, 1.5% and 2% by weight of cement. The substitution degree of GGBS is 30% and that of coal ash is 20%. The obtained outcomes are contrasted with conventional concrete.

Effect on Mechanical Properties of M35 Grade Concrete by Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate with Copper Slag .

In present situation, fast urbanization has made a gigantic interest for regular sand consequently made it considerably more costly. Excess extraction of sand ,trending not only depletion of water table but also streams and rivers are diverting in their direction which leads to floods. Elective materials in all types of constructions are acquainted with decrease the weight on normal materials, further maintaining the economical status of project. While additionally dealing with the encompassing condition. Squander Materials like Copper Slag, Flyash, Carbonate Sand, stone residue and so forth having silica sythesis (SiO2) could be utilized as a substitution for Fine aggregate in a concrete mix. In the process of manufacturing copper the bi-product Copper slag is produced in an heavy quantity. Copper slag has an high specific gravity and has glassy granular texture. Copper slag contains the same particle sizes as of fine aggregate so that it can be used as a replacement for fine aggregate in concrete mix. Here in this paper the main objective is to consider the utilization of Copper slag as an elective substitution material of Fine aggregate. Additionally examines the after effect of substitution of Fine aggregate with Copper slag on mechanical characteristics of cement concrete such as Compressive strength and Flexural strength.

STUDY ON MIX PROPORTION DESIGN FOR CONCRETE USING FLY ASH (TYPE-II (JASS5 M-401))

In this study, I investigated the mix proportion of ready mixed concrete using fly ash for buildings. As a result, I obtained the useful information for mix proportion of concrete using fly ash of type-II (JASS5 M-401). As methods of using fly ash, the four methods (cement substitution, fine aggregate substitution, cement and fine aggregate substitution, unit FA amount constant method) are used. This paper describes the purpose of use and mix proportion design method for each of the four methods.

Use of Sustainable Antimicrobial Aggregates for the In-Situ Inhibition of Biogenic Corrosion on Concrete Sewer Pipes

ABSTRACTA new generation of cementitious materials is being engineered to selectively inhibit the growth of Acidithiobacillus, which are a key genera of acid-generating bacteria responsible for microbially induced concrete corrosion (MICC). In this context, the substitution of metal-laden granular activated carbon (GAC) particles and/or steel slag for a fraction of the fine aggregates traditionally used in concrete mixture has proven useful. While the antimicrobial properties of specific heavy metals (i.e. copper and cobalt) have been leveraged to inhibit acid-generating bacteria growth on sewer pipes, few studies have researched how biocidal aggregates may affect the microstructural and mechanical properties of cementitious materials. We report here on the effects that these biocidal aggregates substitutions can have on compressive strength, flowability, and setting times of cement-based formulations. Results showed that increases in compressive strength, regardless of the presence or absence of biocidal metals, resulted from the GAC incorporation where sand replacement was 3% by mass or lower, while flowability decreased when percentages higher than 3% of GAC was incorporated in a cement mix. When substituting fine aggregate with steel slag particles in mass ratios between 5% and 40%, compressive strength was not affected, regardless of the presence or absence of copper. Setting times were not affected by the inclusion of GAC or steel slag particles except when substituting GAC particles at 10% of the fine aggregate mass; under this condition both initial and final setting times were decreased. Results suggest that in order to have enhanced inhibition potential against acidophilic microorganisms and equal or improved mechanical properties, a combination of 1% metal-laden GAC and 40% copper-laden steel slag is an optimum fine aggregate substitution scenario.