Finding Influential Nodes Research Articles

Finding influential nodes in complex networks based on Kullback–Leibler model within the neighborhood

As a research hot topic in the field of network security, the implementation of machine learning, such as federated learning, involves information interactions among a large number of distributed network devices. If we regard these distributed network devices and connection relationships as a complex network, we can identify the influential nodes to find the crucial points for optimizing the imbalance of the reliability of devices in federated learning system. This paper will analyze the advantages and disadvantages of existing algorithms for identifying influential nodes in complex networks, and propose a method from the perspective of information dissemination for finding influential nodes based on Kullback–Leibler divergence model within the neighborhood (KLN). Firstly, the KLN algorithm removes a node to simulate the scenario of node failure in the information dissemination process. Secondly, KLN evaluates the loss of information entropy within the neighborhood after node removal by establishing the KL divergence model. Finally, it assesses the damage influence of the removed node by integrating the network attributes and KL divergence model, thus achieving the evaluation of node importance. To validate the performance of KLN, this paper conducts an analysis and comparison of its results with those of 11 other algorithms on 10 networks, using SIR model as a reference. Additionally, a case study was undertaken on a real epidemic propagation network, leading to the proposal of management and control strategies for daily protection based on the influential nodes. The experimental results indicate that KLN effectively evaluates the importance of the removed node using KL model within the neighborhood, and demonstrate better accuracy and applicability across networks of different scales.

MCD: A modified community diversity approach for detecting influential nodes in social networks

Over the last couple of decades, Social Networks have connected people on the web from across the globe and have become a crucial part of our daily life. These networks have also rapidly grown as platforms for propagating products, ideas, and opinions to target a wider audience. This calls for the need to find influential nodes in a network for a variety of reasons, including the curb of misinformation being spread across the networks, advertising products efficiently, finding prominent protein structures in biological networks, etc. In this paper, we propose Modified Community Diversity (MCD), a novel method for finding influential nodes in a network by exploiting community detection and a modified community diversity approach. We extend the concept of community diversity to a two-hop scenario. This helps us evaluate a node’s possible influence over a network more accurately and also avoids the selection of seed nodes with an overlapping scope of influence. Experimental results verify that MCD outperforms various other state-of-the-art approaches on eight datasets cumulatively across three performance metrics.

Overlapping community‐based particle swarm optimization algorithm for influence maximization in social networks

AbstractInfluence maximization, whose aim is to maximise the expected number of influenced nodes by selecting a seed set of k influential nodes from a social network, has many applications such as goods advertising and rumour suppression. Among the existing influence maximization methods, the community‐based ones can achieve a good balance between effectiveness and efficiency. However, this kind of algorithm usually utilise the network community structures by viewing each node as a non‐overlapping node. In fact, many nodes in social networks are overlapping ones, which play more important role in influence spreading. To this end, an overlapping community‐based particle swarm optimization algorithm named OCPSO for influence maximization in social networks, which can make full use of overlapping nodes, non‐overlapping nodes, and their interactive information is proposed. Specifically, an overlapping community detection algorithm is used to obtain the information of overlapping community structures, based on which three novel evolutionary strategies, such as initialisation, mutation, and local search are designed in OCPSO for better finding influential nodes. Experimental results in terms of influence spread and running time on nine real‐world social networks demonstrate that the proposed OCPSO is competitive and promising comparing to several state‐of‐the‐arts (e.g. CGA, CMA‐IM, CIM, CDH‐SHRINK, CNCG, and CFIN).

Identifying Influential Nodes for Smart Enterprises Using Community Structure With Integrated Feature Ranking

Finding influential nodes reshuffles the very notion of linear paths in business processes and replaces it with networks of business value within a smart enterprise system. There are many existing algorithms for identifying influential nodes with certain limitations for applying in large-scale networks. In this article, we propose a community structure with integrated features ranking (CIFR) algorithm to find influential nodes in the network. First, we use the community detection algorithm to find communities in the system, and then we rank the nodes of network based on three factors, namely local ranking, gateway ranking, and community ranking, collectively termed as integrated features. Our algorithm intends to select influential nodes, which are both globally and locally optimal, leading to overall high information propagation. We perform the experimental results on total eight networks using various evaluation parameters. The obtained results validate superior performance against contemporary algorithms adding value to smart enterprises.

CPR-TOPSIS: A novel algorithm for finding influential nodes in complex networks based on communication probability and relative entropy

How to evaluate the importance of nodes and identify influential nodes in complex networks is a very significant research in the field of network science. Most of existing algorithms neglect the relationship between a node and its neighbors to evaluate the importance of nodes in networks. In this work, we first define nodes communication probability sequence by making use of the length and number of shortest paths between node pairs. Then the traditional binary adjacency matrix is converted into correlation matrix through relative entropy. Based on information Communication Probability and Relative entropy (CPR), an improved Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), called CPR-TOPSIS, is presented for identifying influential nodes in complex networks from the view of global, local and location information dimensions. The proposed algorithm has been compared with eight state-of-the-art algorithms on several real-world networks to verify the performance. Experimental results show that CPR-TOPSIS has better performance in terms of monotonicity, resolution, ranking accuracy, imprecision function and top-10 nodes.

A high-performance algorithm for finding influential nodes in large-scale social networks

A high-performance algorithm for finding influential nodes in large-scale social networks

CIM: clique-based heuristic for finding influential nodes in multilayer networks

CIM: clique-based heuristic for finding influential nodes in multilayer networks

NodeRank: Finding influential nodes in social networks based on interests

NodeRank: Finding influential nodes in social networks based on interests

A Survey on Recent Methods of Finding Influential Nodes in Complex Networks

Influential nodes refer to the ability of a node to spread information in complex networks. Identifying influential nodes is an important problem in complex networks which plays a key role in many applications such as rumor controlling, virus spreading, viral market advertising, research paper views, and citations. Basic measures like degree centrality, betweenness centrality, closeness centrality are identifying influential nodes but they are incapable of largescale networks due to time complexity issues. Chen et al. [1] proposed semi-local centrality, which is reducing computation complexity and finding influential nodes in the network. Recently Yang et al. 2020 [2] proposed a novel centrality measure based on degree and clustering coefficient for identifying the influential nodes. Sanjay et al. 2020 [3] gave voterank and neighborhood coreness-based algorithms for finding the influenced nodes in the network. Zhiwei et al. 2019 [4] considered the average shortest path to discover the influenced node in the network. These are the few recent local,global and mixed centralities. In this paper, we show a broad view of recent methods for finding influential nodes in complex networks. It also analyzes the new challenges and limitations for a better understanding of each method in detail. The experimental results based on these methods show better performance compared with existing basic centrality measures.

Finding Influential Nodes in Multiplex Networks Using a Memetic Algorithm.

In order to find the nodes with better propagation ability, a large body of studies on the influence maximization problem has been conducted. Several influence spreading models and corresponding optimization algorithms have been proposed and successfully identified the infusive seeds in single isolated networks. However, as indicated by some recent studies and online materials, modern networked systems tend to have more complicated structures and multiple layers, which makes it difficult for existing seed determination techniques to deal with these networks. Thus, finding influential nodes in realistic multiplex networks remains open. Therefore, this paper aims to design an extended influence spreading model to simulate the influence diffusion process in multiplex networks, based on which a memetic algorithm is developed to find the seeds that are influential in all network layers. Experimental results on synthetic and real-world networks validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. These results are helpful for identifying potential propagators in multiplex social networks, and provide solutions to analyze and gain deeper insights into networked systems.

CFIN: A community-based algorithm for finding influential nodes in complex social networks

Influence maximization (IM) problem, a fundamental algorithmic problem, is the problem of selecting a set of k users (refer as seed set) from a social network to maximize the expected number of influenced users (also known as influence spread). Due to the numerous applications of IM in marketing, IM has been studied extensively in recent years. Nevertheless, many algorithms do not take into consideration the impact of communities to influence maximization and some algorithms are non-scalable and time-consuming in practice. In this paper, we proposed a fast and scalable algorithm called community finding influential node (CFIN) that selects k users based on community structure, which maximizes the influence spread in the networks. The CFIN consists of two main parts for influence maximization: (1) seed selection and (2) local community spreading. The first part of CFIN is the extraction of seed nodes from communities which obtained the running of the community detection algorithm. In this part, to decrease computational complexity effectively and scatter seed nodes into communities, the meaningful communities are selected. The second part consists of the influence spread inside communities that are independent of each other. In this part, the final seed nodes entered to distribute the local spreading by the use of a simple path inside communities. To study the performance of the CFIN, several experiments have been conducted on some real and synthetic networks. The experimental simulations on the CFIN, in comparison with other algorithms, confirm the superiority of the CFIN in terms of influence spread, coverage ratio, running time, and Dolan-More performance profile.

A hybrid node ranking technique for finding influential nodes in complex social networks

PurposeIn today’s digital era, data pertaining to scientific research have attracted considerable attention of researchers. Data of scientific publications can be modeled in the form of networks such as citation networks, co-citation networks, collaboration networks, and others. Identification and ranking of important nodes in such networks is useful in many applications, such as finding most influential papers, most productive researchers, pattern of citation, and many more. The paper aims to discuss this issue.Design/methodology/approachA number of methods are available in literature for node ranking, and K-shell decomposition is one such method. This method categorizes nodes in different groups based on their topological position. The shell number of a node provides useful insights about the node’s importance in the network. It has been found that shells produced by the K-shell method need to be further refined to quantify the influence of the nodes aptly. In this work, a method has been developed, which ranks nodes by taking the core(s) as the origin and second-order neighborhood of a node as its immediate sphere of influence.FindingsIt is found that the performance of the proposed technique is either comparable or better than other methods in terms of correctness and accuracy. In case of assigning different ranks to nodes, the performance of the proposed technique is far more superior to existing methods. The proposed method can be used to rank authors, research articles, and fields of research.Originality/valueThe proposed method ranks nodes by their global position in a network as well as their local sphere of information. It leads to better quantification of a node’s impact. This method is found to be better in terms of accuracy and correctness. In case of assigning different ranks to nodes, the performance of the proposed technique is far more superior to existing methods.

Multimodal ensemble approach to identify and rank top-k influential nodes of scholarly literature using Twitter network

Scholarly literature is an immense network of activities, linked via collaborations or information propagation. Analysing such network can be leveraged by harnessing rich semantic meaning of scholarly graph. Identifying and ranking top- k influential nodes from various domains of scholarly literature using social media data are still infancy. Social networking sites like Twitter provide an opportunity to create inventive graph-based measures to identify and rank influential nodes such as scholars, articles, journal, information spreading media and academic institutions of scholarly literature. Many network-based models such as centrality measures have been proposed to identify influential nodes. The empirical annotation shows that centrality measures for finding influential nodes are high in computational complexity. In addition, notion of these measures have high variance, which signifies an influential node deviation with change in application and nature of information flows in the network. The research aims to propose an ensemble learning approach based on multimodal majority voting influence (MMMVI) to identify and weighted multimodal ensemble average influence (WMMEAI) to rank top- k influential nodes in Twitter network data set of well-known three influential nodes, that is, academic institution, scholar and journal. The empirical analysis has been accomplished to learn practicability and efficiency of the proposed approaches when compared with state-of-the-art approaches. The experimental result shows that the ensemble approach using surface learning models (SLMs) can lead to better identification and ranking of influential nodes with low computational complexity.

Finding influential nodes in bus networks

Finding influential nodes is of significance to understand and control the spreading capacity of complex systems. This paper aims to find influential nodes of bus networks by a proposed node failure process. Network efficiency and average transfer times are used to measure the performance of bus networks. Six node measures including degree, node strength, line number, betweenness, local triangle centrality (LTC) and a measure considering neighborhood similarity called LSS are introduced to evaluate the importance of nodes. Results show that removing nodes with high betweenness value can effectively decrease the network efficiency, but cannot increase the average transfer times. Furthermore, removing nodes with high values of LTC and LSS considering the neighborhood information can damage the bus networks from the perspectives of both network efficiency and average transfer times.

Interactive Visual Graph Mining and Learning

This article presents a platform for interactive graph mining and relational machine learning called GraphVis. The platform combines interactive visual representations with state-of-the-art graph mining and relational machine learning techniques to aid in revealing important insights quickly as well as learning an appropriate and highly predictive model for a particular task (e.g., classification, link prediction, discovering the roles of nodes, and finding influential nodes). Visual representations and interaction techniques and tools are developed for simple, fast, and intuitive real-time interactive exploration, mining, and modeling of graph data. In particular, we propose techniques for interactive relational learning (e.g., node/link classification), interactive link prediction and weighting, role discovery and community detection, higher-order network analysis (via graphlets, network motifs), among others. GraphVis also allows for the refinement and tuning of graph mining and relational learning methods for specific application domains and constraints via an end-to-end interactive visual analytic pipeline that learns, infers, and provides rapid interactive visualization with immediate feedback at each change/prediction in real-time. Other key aspects include interactive filtering, querying, ranking, manipulating, exporting, as well as tools for dynamic network analysis and visualization, interactive graph generators (including new block model approaches), and a variety of multi-level network analysis techniques.

Effect of rich-club on diffusion in complex networks

One of the main issues in complex networks is the phenomenon of diffusion in which the goal is to find the nodes with the highest diffusing power. In diffusion, there is always a conflict between accuracy and efficiency time complexity; therefore, most of the recent studies have focused on finding new centralities to solve this problem and have offered new ones, but our approach is different. Using one of the complex networks’ features, namely the “rich-club”, its effect on diffusion in complex networks has been analyzed and it is demonstrated that in datasets which have a high rich-club, it is better to use the degree centrality for finding influential nodes because it has a linear time complexity and uses the local information; however, this rule does not apply to datasets which have a low rich-club. Next, real and artificial datasets with the high rich-club have been used in which degree centrality has been compared to famous centrality using the SIR standard.

Inference of Hidden Social Power Through Opinion Formation in Complex Networks

Social networks analysis and mining gets ever-increasing importance in various disciplines. In this context finding the most influential nodes with the highest social power is important in many applications including spreading of innovation, opinion formation, immunization, information propagation and recommendation. In this manuscript, we propose a mathematical framework in order to effectively estimate the social power (influence) of nodes from time series of their interactions. We assume that there is a connection network on which the nodes interact and exchange their opinions. The time series of the opinion values (with hidden social power values) are taken as input to the proposed formalism and an optimization approach results the estimated for the social power values. We propose an estimation framework based on Maximum-a-Posteriori method that can be converted to a convex optimization problem using Jensen inequality. We apply the proposed method on a number of model networks and show that it correctly estimates the true values of the social power. The proposed method is not sensitive to the specific form of social power used to produce the time series of the opinion values. We also consider an application of finding influential nodes in opinion formation through informed agents. In this application, the problem is to find a number of influential nodes to which the informed agents should be connected to maximize their influence. Our numerical simulations show that the proposed method outperforms classical heuristic methods including connecting the informed agents to nodes with the highest degree, betweenness, closeness, PageRank centralities or based on a state-of-the-art opinion-based model.

A Greedy Algorithm Approach for Mobile Social Network

With the proliferation of mobile devices and wireless technologies, mobile social network systems used more. A mobile social network has important role in social network. The Process of finding influential nodes is NP-hard. Greedy rule with demonstrable approximation guarantees will provide smart approximation. A divide-and-conquer method with parallel computing mechanism has been used. Communitybased Greedy rule for mining top-K influential nodes is used first. It has two parts: dividing the largescale mobile social network into many communities by taking under consideration data diffusion. Communities select influential nodes by a dynamic programming. Performance is to be increased by considering the influence propagation supported communities and take into account the influence propagation crossing communities. Experiments on real large-scale mobile social networks show that the proposed algorithm is quicker than previous algorithms. General Terms Mobile social network, influence maximization, PCA greedy algorithm,

Determining Leaders and Communities on Networks Using Neighborhood Similarity

Networks are used to represent interactions in a wide variety of fields, like biology, sociology, chemistry, and more. They have a great deal of salient information contained in their structures, which have a variety of applications. One of the important topics of network analysis is finding influential nodes. These nodes are of two kinds —leader nodes and bridge nodes. In this study, we propose an algorithm to find strong leaders in a network based on a revision of neighborhood similarity. This leadership detection is combined with a neighborhood intersection clustering algorithm to produce high quality communities for various networks. We also delve into the structure of a new network, the Houghton College Twitter network, and examine the discovered leaders and their respective followers in more depth than which is frequently attempted for a network of its size. The results of the observations on this and other networks demonstrate that the community partitions found by this algorithm are very similar to those of ground truth communities.