Financial Position Research Articles

Evaluasi Performa Keuangan PT Tunas Baru Lampung Tbk Menggunakan Rasio Keuangan

PT Tunas Baru Lampung Tbk is a leading agribusiness company in Indonesia that focuses on producing and distributing palm oil. Analysis of financial statements is important for evaluating a company's financial performance and position in the context of external challenges and opportunities, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and commodity price fluctuations. The financial ratio analysis method evaluates a company's profitability, liquidity, solvency, activity, development, and productivity. This research adopts a quantitative descriptive approach by utilizing financial report data from PT Tunas Baru Lampung Tbk for 2020-2022. Financial ratio analysis shows improvements in several aspects of the company's financial performance despite facing certain fluctuations. PT Tunas Baru Lampung Tbk maintained relatively good financial health amidst external challenges, with efforts to increase operational efficiency and support long-term growth.

Insights into the associations of polygenic risk scores and parents' socioeconomic status on students' educational achievement

A complex and multifaceted problem that has been widely studied in the field of education is the impact of genetic variables and parents' socioeconomic status (SES) on students' academic achievement. Children from low socioeconomic backgrounds struggle academically due to scarce resources, educational opportunities and developmental delays. For successful interventions and policies aiming at expanding educational opportunities and reducing performance gaps, it is essential to understand the relationship between these elements. To achieve this, we investigate the complex relationship between genetic characteristics, socioeconomic status and their combined effect on children's educational attainment. Families' financial position and children's acquired DNA differences, which can be integrated into Polygenic Risk Scores (PRS), are the two most important factors of children's educational success obtainable during childbirth. The sample consisted of 1451 low-income teenage females (n=718) enrolled in rural public schools between the ages of 14 and 19. We show that throughout the academic years, both the PRS and SES predict higher levels of educational achievement. In addition to predicting first-year academic success, we find that SES and PRS explain why students' grades fluctuate so much over a school year. Children with high PRS and high SES origins enroll in university at a rate of 70%, in contrast to 30% among individuals with lower PRS and lower SES families. We determine the relationships between SES and PRS as well as academic success are usually positive, indicating that their combined impact is significant for students at the extreme ends of the dispersion.

Moderating role of ESG disclosures and its impact on firm financial performance

This study examines the relationship between environmental, social, and corporate disclosures and its affects on financial position of the firm. The study is based on India’s listed companies which disclosed the ESG variable over the last decade. We examine the five measures of financial performance and firm ESG disclosures. In addition to financial performance measures as response variables, this study uses of Piotroski F scores as a proxy for financial position is unique and novel approach in sustainable finance research. The results show the social disclosures have positive significant affect on firm financial position. Firm value, valuation of the stock and cost of capital. The study will help regulators to strengthen the ESG disclosures and for investors it gives insight about the relationship between ESG disclosure and financial performance of a firms.

Accounting statements of budgetary organizations: features of methodological approaches to the composition of statements and the formation of a balance sheet

The article studies methodological approaches to the composition of accounting (financial) statements and the disclosure in them of information about the financial position of budgetary organizations in the system of Russian regulatory documents on accounting. A comparison is made of the requirements for the composition of financial statements and the content of the balance sheet of Russian budgetary organizations with the regulations for the composition of financial statements and the content of the balance sheet of Russian commercial organizations. In addition, the requirements for the composition of financial statements and the content of the balance sheet in the system of Russian accounting standards are compared with the regulations on the composition of accounting (financial) statements and the content of the report on the financial position of public sector organizations in the system of international financial reporting standards for public sector organizations. Significant differences are revealed in the methodological approaches to the composition of reporting and the content of the balance sheet in the systems of accounting standards under consideration. Discursive issues regarding aspects of the research carried out are substantiated, and possible ways to solve them are argued.

Analisis Perbedaan Penyusunan Laporan Keuangan Konsolidasi pada Perusahaan di Indonesia dengan Konvergensi IFRS dan PSAK 22

The purpose of this study is to determine how IFRS 22 and IFRS 3 differ from each other with respect to business combinations as they relate to the compilation of consolidated financial statements for Indonesian companies. Because this strategy gives researchers an idea of how the topic of debate has evolved, a qualitative method that uses a review literature approach is the type of method used. Secondary data that has been examined to generate a description of the research topic is the source of the data used. The study shows that IFRS 22 and IFRS 3 differ in several areas, including the presentation of long-term liabilities that must be refinanced, minority interest rate requirements, disclosures in financial position statements, and financial statement components. Consolidated financial statements based on IFRS number 3 and PSAK number 22 must be prepared for the combination of companies. Guidelines for reporting consolidated financial statements for companies with subsidiaries are listed in PSAK number 22. Guidance on the accounting treatment of corporate purchases is provided by IFRS 3. The components of the financial statements, the disclosures in the statement of financial position, the term minority interest, extraordinary headings, and the reporting of long-term liabilities to be refinanced are where PSAK 22 and IFRS 3 differ. It is important for all businesses to have a comprehensive understanding of the relevant guidelines and regulations to guarantee the accuracy and compliance of consolidated financial statements with such accounting standards. It is important to speak with a qualified financial advisor or professional accountant if further details or a more thorough explanation are needed.

Implementation of ISAK No. 35 on the presentation of financial statements of non-profit-oriented entities (Study at GMIM Bukit Hermon Malalayang)

ISAK No. 35 can be used as a reference in preparing non-profit-oriented financial reporting. One non-profit oriented entity is a church, in this case, the Evangelical Christian Church in Minahasa (or often called GMIM). This study was carried out at GMIM Bukit Hermon Malalayang which is located in Malalayang District, Manado City. This study aims to examine the preparation of church financial reports based on ISAK No. 35 at GMIM Bukit Hermon Malalayang. The study method used is a qualitative approach based on case studies. The results show that the presentation of GMIM Bukit Hermon Malalayang's financial reports has not implemented ISAK No. 35 concerning the presentation of financial statements of non-profit-oriented entities. However, financial reporting is simply based on the GMIM Synod Treasury Supervision and Management Service Guidelines. During the 2023 period, financial reporting has been adjusted to ISAK No. 35 which consists of a comprehensive income report, change in net assets report, financial position report, cash flow report and notes to financial reports.

Combining E-Scores with Scenario Analysis to Evaluate the Impact of Transition Risk on Corporate Client Performance

Scenario analysis is a comprehensive approach to assess the impact of climate-related transition risk on businesses. Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) scores are popular tools with financial institutions (FI’s) for green-scoring practices and since they characterise a company’s performance from an ESG perspective, they have been criticised for enabling “greenwashing” when used within the context of climate risk. Commercially available ESG scores are also available for listed entities, while FI counterparties are often unlisted. This study develops a methodology for creating in-house environmental scores (E-scores), which are then used to effectively choose appropriate transition pathways to be used in company-specific forward-looking scenario analysis. Such scenario analysis can be used to forecast the company’s financial position, including the cost of its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and quantify the impact of transition climate risk on specified metrics. The choice of metrics depends on what the results of the analysis are used for. Two metrics are identified for being useful for risk management and credit decisions: future profitability and weighted average carbon intensity. Finally, the study demonstrates how this process can be implemented with a practical worked example, using only publicly available data.

Capital structure and corporate litigation

This paper selects the data of A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2011 to 2022 as a sample to explore the relationship between capital structure and corporate litigation and finds that an unreasonable capital structure increases the litigation risk of enterprises. A reasonable capital structure not only helps enterprises maintain a sound financial position and efficient decision-making mechanism in litigation but also reduces their legal risks and improves their competitiveness; the role of capital structure on corporate litigation risk is more significant in regions with low rule of law than in areas with high rule of law. Firms may be more inclined to choose a robust capital structure to reduce litigation risk in areas with a strict legal environment and high investor protection. On the contrary, in regions with relatively lax legal environments and low levels of investor protection, firms may be more inclined to choose risky capital structures in pursuit of higher returns, but this also increases their exposure to litigation risk; financing constraints play a mediating role in the relationship between capital structure and corporate litigation.

Balance Sheet Analysis with the Aim of Improving Financial Reporting: A Case Study of DCCB Raipur, India

This paper presents in the form of a case study the process of analysis of the balance sheet and income statement of the District Central Cooperative Bank (DCCB) Raipur. The research presented in the paper is based on the analysis of the official set of basic financial reports, as well as other publicly available data on the DCCB Raipur. As the time component is very important for research of this type, that reports were observed in the paper during only current and the previous years, ie for the period 2021-22. The aim of the research is to assess the financial result and financial position of a given company by examining the structure and dynamics of total income and the distribution of total income, profitability and opportunities to improve the financial position. The results of the research indicate that the bank's strong financial position and profitability are attributed to its efficient operations and strategic financial management, as evidenced by the substantial growth in net income. The bank has effectively managed its assets and liabilities to achieve strong financial health. This positive trend indicates the bank's ability to generate sustainable profits and maintain its competitive edge in the market.

Analisis Penyusunan Laporan Keuangan Guna Mengembangkan Usaha Mikro,Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) dalam Etika Keuangan

Micro, small, and medium-sized financial reporting (UMKM) can build confidence and credibility in external actors, such as banks, investors, and governments, so that they can acquire the working capital and investment they need to thrive and thrive. If financial statements exist, they can serve as a "test tool" for accounting functions, but over time, financial reports become the basis for determining or evaluating the financial position of an UMKM. Financial statements can also be used to assess the performance of a UMKM or to measure the ability of the UMKM to meet its obligations in the short and long term.This writing uses qualitative research methods that involve data collection based on in-depth searches of literature and library sources. Data is collected from reports, textbooks, academic journals, and related articles.The preparation of accurate financial statements and in accordance with the principles of financial ethics is an important step in the development of UMKM. With clear and accurate data, business owners can find improvements such as cost management and improved operational efficiency. It helps in better decision-making, which can increase the profitability and sustainability of UMKM. Focus on developing responsible financial management practices, such as prudent use of funds and transparency. UMKM can build a strong and sustainable reputation by paying attention to social and environmental aspects. In order to support business growth and overall progress, the financial reporting process must be continuously improved to comply with the principles of financial ethics.Good reputation and trust are the key to getting extra funding.

Board composition, ownership structure and dividend policy: Evidence from NSE listed companies in India

Purpose The purpose of the study is to analyse the influence of board composition and ownership structure on the dividend pay-out policy of selected listed Indian companies. Design/methodology/approach The top 30 companies listed on National Stock Exchange were examined for a period of three financial years from 2019 to 2021. Due to the cross-sectional and time-series character of the data, fixed effect panel model is used as the primary analytical approach. Findings The results revealed that there is a significant and positive association between board size and dividend policy. The results confirm that the firms with higher Indian ownership and non-institutional ownership distribute higher levels of dividend. No significant association was found between board independence and dividend decisions of ratios. Finally, it is observed that there is a positive impact of return on assets on dividend policy. Research limitations/implications Future studies can confirm the impact of ownership determinants and board characteristics on dividend distribution policy by taking stock dividends into account and enlarging the sample size of developing market businesses. They can also investigate ownership factors including management ownership and international ownership, in addition to other board attributes like qualification, tenure and age. This will offer a more thorough comprehension of how these variables relate to dividend policy. Practical implications Because they are better able to assess the financial position and make educated judgments, a diverse and independent board of directors may result in more strategic and cautious dividend policies. The dividend policy of a firm is also influenced by its ownership structure and strategic objectives; small or primary shareholders may exert pressure for larger payments. By focusing on long-term strategic goals rather than immediate requirements, managers may guarantee that interests are aligned. The findings of this study offer significant guidance to management and regulators about the dividend policy of publicly listed corporations. Social implications According to agency theory, the link between ownership structure, board composition and dividend policy may be explained by agency conflicts. Independent directors are necessary for the board to make decisions that effectively balance the interests of management and shareholders, particularly when it comes to paying dividends. According to studies, companies with non-executive directors have greater interest alignment and fewer agency issues. In addition, the ownership structure and makeup of the board are important factors in lowering agency conflicts and enhancing corporate governance procedures. Companies may improve their governance procedures and increase value for shareholders by resolving conflicts of interest. Originality/value The research paper contributes to the existing body of knowledge by analysing and uncovering significant and unknown relationship between board composition, ownership structure and dividend policy. The paper explores the relationship between specific ownership structures and dividend policy in context of a developing country where limited research exists and addresses a research question that has not been extensively studied before.

Bankruptcy and bonity models use for the prediction of the mining organization development

Nowadays, due to the worldwide crisis, there is a necessity to predict and make a prognosis for the future development of the companies from the view of their financial health. Mainly mining organizations in Slovakia face a problem with creditworthiness when a number of companies declared bankruptcy. The paper has the ambition to predict development in chosen Slovakian mining organization through the most used bankruptcy and bonity models, which brings results, serving for comparing with companies in time and sector. The results were evaluated according to the individual areas of financial position that influenced the development the most. Such results are profitable for the sustainable development of mining organizations together with providing the energetic independence of the countries.

Analisis Penerapan PSAK 24 Mengenai Imbalan Pasca Kerja Pada PT Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk

This research was conducted at a state-owned enterprise (SOE) operating in the financial sector, specifically in banking, namely PT Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk, commonly referred to as BNI. The aim of this study is to examine the presentation and reporting of the implementation of PSAK 24 employee benefits, particularly post-employment benefits at PT Bank Negara Indonesia Tbk. The data used in this research is entirely secondary data, and the analytical technique employed is a descriptive quantitative method. The data used in this study includes the financial statements of PT Bank Negara Indonesia Tbk for the period 2020-2022. The data was collected from PT Bank Negara Indonesia Tbk and the official website of PT Bank Negara Indonesia Tbk. The results of the research at PT Bank Negara Indonesia Tbk indicate that the presentation and reporting of employee benefits are in accordance with PSAK 24. The employee benefits of PT Bank Negara Indonesia Tbk are recorded in the income statement, and in the statement of financial position, they are recorded as a liability account for employee benefits. The differences in the gains (losses) of employee benefits are recorded in the comprehensive income statement.

Penilaian Tingkat Kesehatan Keuangan Berdasarkan Rasio Likuiditas, Solvabilitas, dan Profitabilitas Pada PT. Wilmar Cahaya Indonesia

The aim of this research is to assess the financial condition of PT. Wilmar Cahaya Indonesia in the 2019-2023 period based on liquidity, solvency and profitability ratios. The methodology used is quantitative descriptive analysis using secondary data from the company's financial reports. The research results show that although the company's liquidity is said to be liquid, a turnover ratio of more than 500% is considered too high. This indicates inadequate capital utilization. The solvency ratio shows a company's healthy financial position, identifying the company as being able to fulfill its long-term obligations. However, the profitability ratio shows poor financial health with the ratio far below standard, tends to decline, and has low ROA and ROE values. The company's inability to use resources efficiently to generate profits is the cause of this decline. Overall, even though PT Wilmar Cahaya Indonesia is liquid and solvable, its financial health for the 2019-2023 period still needs to be improved, especially in terms of profitability. The analysis shows that to increase profitability, companies must improve the effectiveness of current asset management and maximize resource utilization. This study provides an overview of the company's financial situation and can be used as a reference for future management.

ANALYSIS OF THE APPLICATION OF FINANCIAL REPORTING BASED ON FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM MICRO ENTITIES IN MSMEs

The various cultures that exist in Indonesia can be processed and turned into commodities with market value so that they become the basis for the growth of micro, small and medium businesses. However, it needs to be emphasized that MSME players still lack awareness and must be provided with education regarding the relevance of financial openness in their businesses. So far, the MSME registration procedure is still quite simple. In fact, some of them have not documented or prepared financial reports in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small and Medium Entities (SAK EMKM) which have just been established. This research aims to describe whether the financial reports of the Irin Jaya Cakalang Fish Processing UMKM in Bojong Village are in accordance with SAK EMKM or not. Data collection was carried out by means of interviews, observation and documentation. This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Based on the research results, it shows that the records at the Irin Jaya Cakalang Fish Processing UMKM are not in accordance with SAK EMKM. Irin Jaya Cakalang Fish Processing UMKM has not prepared a financial position report, profit and loss report and notes to financial reports in accordance with SAK EMKM. Apart from that, Irin Jaya Cakalang Fish Processing MSMEs face obstacles in implementing SAK EMKM, namely the lack of knowledge of MSME owners about financial reports in accordance with SAK EMKM, the owners do not have accounting staff who understand preparing financial reports according to SAK EMKM, and MSME owners consider it unimportant to prepare financial reports. the most important thing is to get a lot of profit.

Commanding heights: the role of wealthy ‘starchitects’ in city remaking

Censuses of the world’s super-rich now include among their ranks several architects whose personal financial position stems from their status as influential ‘starchitects’. We discuss the economic, political and social forces that concentrate fortunes in the hands of a professional elite who are increasingly also members of a global wealth elite. The rise of such starchitects exemplifies how capital flows are generative of subsidiary but important classes of professional agents who have accumulated significant fortunes as a result of city (re)making. Thus a select few in this field possess the kind of ‘money power’ that is generative of a capacity to direct changes in the built environment. Courted by city administrations and super-rich clients starchitects are increasingly charged with delivering symbolic projects that reinforce expansionary circulations of capital. We develop a concept sketch of how a global cadre of starchitects and their practices are fundamentally aligned with the shift of many cities to plan star-driven vehicles in order to capture capital. We discuss three elements that are crucial in determining the agency of starchitects: first, economic and political constraints or opportunities; second, normative conditions within industry and city institutional contexts; and, third, the important role of professional and power networks.

Penilaian Tingkat Kesehatan Keuangan pada PT. Jasa Marga Persero Tbk Periode 2018–2022

Assessing the level of financial health of a company is an important thing that can help evaluate the company's current and past financial position and operating results. This also does not fail to happen to State-Owned Enterprises (BUMN). To measure financial performance or health, the Ministry of BUMN has regulated it and made it an assessment standard for BUMN, which is stated in the Decree of the Minister of BUMN No. KEP-100/MBU/2002. This research aims to analyze the financial statements for the 2018–2022 period of PT. Jasa Marga Persero Tbk based on the Ministerial Decree. This research uses quantitative data measured on a numerical scale. This research uses quantitative descriptive analysis, which explains the research results in the form of financial report data related to company performance. The data is in the form of accounting information which will then be analyzed using the necessary financial ratios and can show information regarding liquidity, solvency, activity and profitability. The research results show that the assessment of the health level of PT. Jasa Marga (Persero) Tbk. 2018–2022 based on the Decree of the Minister of BUMN No. KEP-100/MBU/2002, if seen from the profitability and the liquidity ratio is considered to be getting better, while the activity and solvency ratio is considered to be less good. Apart from that, the research results also showed that the level of financial health was “not healthy,” but in 2022 the health level of PT. Jasa Marga (Persero) Tbk improved to “healthy.”

Framework for Enhancing the Egyptian Accounting Standards Towards Convergence With International Financial Reporting Standards

The Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) which are theoretically unique to each country, it provides standards for evaluating and comparing the financial position of companies. However, the International Accounting Standard (IAS), are developed to be used by all countries. The convergence of these national and international accounting standards is important for attracting foreign investors and potential domestic investors. Egypt has undergone serious steps towards convergence, such as the introduction of new standards or converging of old standards to be consistent with the international standards. A number of complex standards has been understood either by separating them into two or more standards or by adding supplements or guidelines to some of them. Alternatives of some of accounting standards are reduced to avoid differences in practices and manipulating profits. This research developed a framework towards convergence of Egyptian accounting standards and International accounting standard that include a number of viable points: started with determining the objective of the financial reports, determining the methods of applying the international standards, the importance of studying the cultural influence, developing accounting education, the need to develop professional organizations concerned with the profession of accounting and for implementing and follow-up of standards. Keywords: International accounting standard, convergence, Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, Egypt.

Analisis Penerapan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan Entitas Mikra Kecil dan Menengah (SAK EMKM) pada UD. Sumber Rejeki Bangsalsari

Indonesia is a developing country that cannot be separated from business activities carried out by both individuals and groups or commonly referred to as Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises. MSMEs have a very important role in creating jobs as well as helping the government in reducing the existing unemployment rate. As a business develops, it increases business funding. Banks/financial institutions will usually require financial reports to see the feasibility of granting credit. Financial reports function as a tool for analyzing financial performance which can provide information about financial position, performance and cash flow. Considering the important role of MSMEs in Indonesia, it is necessary to carry out records in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards (SAK). This standard has 3 components, namely the financial position report, profit/loss report and notes to financial reports which can assist in decision making. Keywords: MSME, financial reports, SAK EMKM.

STRATEGIC INNOVATION AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE: ANALYZING NINTENDO’S MARKET POSITION, ADAPTABILITY, AND ECONOMIC IMPACT

This research focuses on the changes in Nintendo’s market position and strategic responses, the reactance of supply chain disruptions and shifts in consumer behavior, response and impact on its financial performance. With 200 samples of data and using regression analysis in the study, the authors also revealed that Nintendo's market position has a positive relationship with its financial position (Coefficient = 0.67, P<0.00). Strategic responses are also positive (β = 0. 61, p < 0. 00) when it comes to consumer behavior change adaptation (β = 0. 41, p < 0. 002). The disruption of the supply chain of Nintendo extends its financial impact and reestablishes its results (β = 0. 47, p < 0. 00. It suggests then that competitive advantage requires firms to stay innovative and be agile in their strategic processes. The recommendations that were proposed for Nintendo are improving the company’s market position, developing supply chain management, using consumer data, intensifying the global segment, promoting economic benefits, and realizing sustainable development strategies. As such, these measures are crucial for maintaining Nintendo as one of the market's key players and achieving the greatest possible economic results.