Financial Derivatives Research Articles

Financial derivatives and the commercial banks performance in UAE

The introduction of derivatives at the financial market of the United Arab Emirate (UAE) is to enhance liquidity and broadens the range of securities. This is because it brings exciting opportunities for investors to diversify their investment in an efficient and cost-effective way. Evidence from previous studies has shown that financial market derivatives help to reduce risk. Even though trading losses produced by unsuitable derivative activity are frequently big enough to create financial problems and even bankruptcy, there is minimal research on how bank profitability and performance are affected. The study examines the determinants of financial derivatives on the performance of commercial banks in UAE and the financial risk exposure between derivatives financial assets and derivatives financial liabilities. The research employs Pecking order theory, panel ARDL and data from 30 commercial banks’ financial statements in 2020 in UAE. The study found that an increase in the level of return on assets will create an increase in traded financial derivatives that will enhance bank performance by a high level of percentage. Stability of the banking sector in UAE is recommended to enhance better performances of commercial banks on financial derivatives in UAE.

A study of the correlation between volatility and risk diversification control in options and futures markets

A study of the correlation between volatility and risk diversification control in options and futures markets

ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ СУЩНОСТЬ МУЛЬТИГОЛОСУЮЩИХ АКЦИЙ И ВОЗМОЖНОСТЬ ИХ ИМПЛЕМЕНТАЦИИ НА РОССИЙСКОМ ФИНАНСОВОМ РЫНКЕ

Entrepreneurs often encounter challenges related to capital dilution and diminished control over strategic development when forming equity capital. The author proposes the adoption of multiple voting shares as a potential solution to this problem. It has been disclosed that a joint-stock company can issue multiple voting shares at various stages of its life cycle. The circulation of these shares is limited due to their conversion into ordinary shares during purchase and sale transactions, or in case of a specified duration of circulation prohibition. The implementation of a voting multiplier has been announced; clarifying that possessing multiple voting shares does not entitle the owner to extra dividend payments. Conversely, multiple voting shares are transformed into common shares at a one-to-one ratio determined by market value. The result of the study of the economic essence of multiple voting shares was the identification and analysis of the option component of this security. Therefore, there exists the potential to adopt an innovative method of generating financing opportunities for the company by introducing multiple voting shares that encompass the advantages of ordinary shares and a derivative financial instrument. Given the current state of the Russian financial market, where multiple voting shares are exclusively accessible to international companies, the author has developed proposals to modify the existing Russian legislation. These modifications will enable the standardization of equity formation practices among Russian joint-stock companies, while also enhancing the investment appeal of the Russian market for investors from allied states, where the trading of multiple voting shares is permitted.

Hedging with Financial Derivatives and Firm Performance of Consumer Goods Companies Listed on Nigeria Exchange Group

Hedging with derivatives is a common strategy to manage foreign currency risk, interest rate risk, commodity price risk and mitigating potential losses or gains that might arise from fluctuations in the market. This study was conducted to reveal findings on the impact of hedging activities using derivatives on the financial performance of consumer goods companies listed on Nigerian Exchange (NGX). The independent variables for the study are foreign currency hedge, interest rate hedge and commodity price hedge. Data were collected from Ten (20) consumer goods companies quoted on Nigerian Exchange covering 2018 to 2022 financial years. The results of hypothesis testing reveal that hedging with derivatives has a significant effect on firm performance. This findings supports the findings of Alan and Gupta (2018) and Lenee and Oki (2017), who conclude that the use of hedging can minimize the volatility and has a positive effect on firm value. As a general recommendations, it is important to note that regulating the derivatives market is essential to ensure stability, transparency, prevent excessive speculation, manipulation, and enhance fair practices in the financial system.

Firms, Currency Hedging and Financial Derivatives *

Firms, Currency Hedging and Financial Derivatives *

Case Analysis and Future Expectations of Chinese Enterprises Suffering Heavy Losses in the International Futures Market: Take the Bank of China and Tsingshan LME as Examples

Affected by various factors such as COVID-19 epidemic and war, the world economic situation changes more frequently, which leads to increased instability in the international and domestic financial derivatives market. For the substantial changes in the international and domestic financial derivatives market, how to deal with sudden changes and analyze the failure cases in the change of financial derivatives is of far-reaching significance to the rapidly developing domestic financial derivatives market. By taking the Bank of China “crude oil treasure’ margin call liquidation case and Tsingshan LME Nickel Futures Squeeze Case as the core of the study, this paper uses case analysis method to deeply study the possible problems and failures in the futures market under the condition of financial derivatives market instability and puts forward suggestions on how to deal with these problems. This paper analyzes the attributes and characteristics of China’s ‘crude oil treasure’ products and nickel futures products, restores the event process, describes the impact of the event on investors, trading institutions and banks, and puts forward suggestions for improvement. The suggestions in this paper are as follows: First, the company and the regulatory department should strengthen risk supervision and management; Second, companies and investors should improve their professional capabilities.

Main problems of the derivatives market in Ukraine and ways to solve them

This article highlights one of the key problems of the financial market of Ukraine – the development of the derivative securities market. The relevance of the study of the problems of the market of derivative financial instruments based on the example of Ukraine is substantiated. Special attention is paid to the study of the scientific works of Ukrainian researchers and scientists, their results and the significance of these works for Ukraine. The article also highlights interesting approaches and relevant information on the basis of which this research was conducted. The main types of derivative securities (forward and futures contracts, options, swaps and warrants) and their key features are characterized – essence, terms of conclusion, functions and significance for the market, roles of participants in these operations, etc. The use of these derivatives is explained, with advantages and disadvantages indicated. The principles of the functioning of the derivatives market in Ukraine are also described and researched, the main types of derivatives concluded on the Ukrainian financial market over the past few years and the prevailing trends in this area are mentioned. With the use of statistical data and comparative analysis, the dynamics of the main indicators of the Ukrainian derivatives market were studied, compared with some indicators inherent in the world derivatives market, and graphically interpreted. With the help of general scientific methods of synthesis, induction and deduction, the main differences between the indicators of the Ukrainian and world markets of derivative financial instruments, as well as possible reasons for their appearance, were determined. The main internal shortcomings of the derivative securities market in Ukraine are highlighted. The influence of the mentioned shortcomings was studied, the negative consequences of the pandemic and full-scale war on the dynamics of these indicators were proved. In contrast to the described shortcomings, attention is focused on successful participants of the derivative securities market and the results of their activities. Key trends were also displayed graphically. In conclusion, the intended strategy of our state in solving the existing problems of the derivatives market is described, and its own ways of solving them and accelerating the development of the derivative financial instruments market in Ukraine are proposed.

Risk Management in Derivatives Markets: Integrating Advanced Hedging Strategies with Empirical Analysis

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of hedging strategies in the Chinese 50ETF options market, emphasizing dynamic hedging, Value at Risk (VaR), and machine learning-based approaches. Each strategy is meticulously evaluated against various market conditions, revealing distinct strengths and weaknesses. Dynamic hedging proves cost-effective in stable markets but struggles in high volatility scenarios, limiting its risk reduction capacity. Conversely, the VaR model, while reducing risk effectively under extreme conditions, may lead to over-hedging in calmer markets due to high costs and dependence on historical data. Machine learning strategies excel in adapting to complex and nonlinear market dynamics, though their effectiveness is contingent on data accuracy and model robustness. The study highlights the criticality of aligning strategies with market specifics and investor risk profiles, advocating for adaptable risk management in the fluctuating realm of financial derivatives. It provides empirical insights into modern hedging methods, offering practical guidance for their application in dynamic financial markets.

An Economic Analysis of the Impact of Digital Currencies on Land Asset Securities Transactions

Abstract Dilemmas in financing, risk control, and liquidity have arisen in the face of the current land system, and land securitization can provide a way of thinking to solve these problems. This paper proposes four financial instruments for land asset securitization. It calculates the transaction pricing of that land asset security by splitting it into a composite of independent financial derivative values based on the risk-free arbitrage theory in financial engineering. Finally, based on the multiple fractals and volatility spillover index method, the impact of digital currency on the trading dependence and risk spillover of land asset securities when land is securitized as an asset is studied in depth. The results show that the fractal characteristics of land stocks are 0.756, and land bonds are 0.737. The multiple fractal characteristics of the cross-correlation of different land security assets are differentiated, which indicates that the impact of digital currency on the land security assets among them is stronger in the long memory of small fluctuations. The inverse persistence of large fluctuations is stronger. The risk spillover results show that there is a small risk correlation between digital currencies and land securities transactions.

Retraction: The value of Monte Carlo model-based variance reduction technology in the pricing of financial derivatives.

Retraction: The value of Monte Carlo model-based variance reduction technology in the pricing of financial derivatives.

Meminimalkan Risiko dan Maksimalkan Keuntungan: Strategi Manajemen Risiko dalam Pengelolaan Wakaf Produktif

This research discusses risk management strategies for managing productive waqf with the aim of minimizing risks and maximizing profits. This research uses a literature analysis method by prioritizing descriptive and qualitative methods. The research results show that risk identification, evaluation, and control are key stages in productive waqf risk management. Risk control strategies such as investment diversification, the use of derivative financial instruments, and creating contingency plans have proven effective in managing risk. Continuous evaluation and monitoring are also important to ensure risk control strategies remain relevant and effective. In conclusion, risk management is a key element in maintaining the sustainability of productive waqf programs. By implementing appropriate risk management strategies, waqf managers can minimize potential losses and ensure that waqf assets remain productive and provide sustainable benefits to society.

An Exploration of the Risk Management of Financial Derivatives in Chinese Commercial Banks

Financial derivatives are products based on the innovation of financial products, which can be used for risk avoidance, investment management, etc. In recent years, with the rapid development of the financial market, the development of financial derivatives has become more and more diversified in Chinese commercial banks, ushering in new development opportunities. This paper introduces financial derivatives, discusses the risk management of financial derivatives in Chinese commercial banks, and compares the financial derivatives of commercial banks in China with those in the United States. According to the analysis, it can be concluded that the existing problems in risk management include the lack of rational consumers in China's financial trading market, the unregulated market system, the high risk of purchasing financial derivatives products, and the internal management problems of Chinese banks. In view of these problems, three effective methods are proposed for optimization, namely strengthening the training of human resources, establishing a sound financial regulatory system, and enhancing the internal management of banks.

Exploring Hedge Fund Strategies in Portfolio Management Using Financial Derivatives and Their Impact on Market Volatility

This paper aims to explore the strategies employed by hedge funds when using financial derivatives for portfolio management and their impact on market volatility. It begins with a discussion of the importance of hedge funds in the investment world, followed by an examination of the strategies they employ, including the use of financial derivatives such as futures, options and swaps. In addition, the influence of these strategies on market volatility is also analyzed. This study provides valuable insights on hedge fund investment strategies and their impact on the market and has important reference value for investors and hedge fund managers. Hedge fund has attracted more and more attention in the investment field. Its unique strategy and high return ability make it highly valued in the investment community. This article takes an in-depth look at the strategies employed by hedge funds when using financial derivatives for portfolio management and explores the impact of these strategies on market volatility.

Corresponding Solutions to the Problems in China's Derivatives Market

With the increasing uncertainty of the interest rate, exchange rate, inflation rate, and other factors in the financial market, financial institutions need all kinds of financial instruments in order to avoid financial risks, and in this situation, financial derivatives were born. With the progress of society and economic development, the financial derivatives market continues to expand in China. However, opportunities always coexist with crises, and there are still some problems in China's derivatives market. This paper studies the problems existing in Chinas derivatives market and puts forward corresponding solutions. It is found that problems such as an ineffective mechanism for supervision, insufficient innovation, immature investors, single market tools, and ineffective market functions still exist in Chinas financial derivatives market. To address these issues, China should improve the legal system, enhance transaction transparency, strengthen supervision and management, enrich the types of financial derivatives, cultivate qualified institutional investors, and reduce restrictions on overseas business.

A Review of the Option Pricing Model and Further Development

The Black Scholes model and binomial tree model have been the main research objects of scholars in the past fifty years. This article summarizes the optimization process of these two classic option pricing models to understand the different directions of optimizing the models and to provide ideas for future model improvement. Improvements from scholars to the Black-Scholes model mainly focus on the basic model and the relevant variables involved in option pricing, while the optimization of the binomial tree model focuses on the reduction of pricing errors as well as the improvement of model fitting speed. Empirical studies of option pricing models have shown that improved models while enhancing the accuracy of pricing in various financial markets, unavoidably increase computational complexity and reduce efficiency. This article also demonstrates the future integration of financial derivatives pricing models in multiple fields by describing the application of real options in the agriculture, technology, and biology industries.

Research on the option pricing of Amazon and Google based on B-S model and Monte Carlo simulation

The emergence of financial derivatives has helped people to effectively hedge the risks present in the financial markets while giving them the ability to make leveraged investments in the financial markets. Although derivatives did not originate in the financial market, it still has a huge role in the financial market so far. In recent years, science and technology innovation is known as a growing concern for governments due to factors such as environmental issues. In this paper, we choose to study the financial derivative, European call option pricing problem of technology-based companies AMZN and GOOGL. In this paper, the European call options of these two companies are priced by using the BSM model, and the results predicted by the BSM model are improved by using Monte Carlo Simulation. Ultimately, the paper finds that Monte Carlo Simulation prices European call options on technology-based firms nearly three times higher than those priced by the BSM model. The results suggest that using a single model to price European call options on technology-based firms is inaccurate. The purpose of this paper is to help investors in pricing European call options on technology-based firms and to warn investors about the inaccuracy of a single option pricing model.

Portfolio Based on AR Model Using 5 Stocks

An investment portfolio is a collection of stocks, bonds, and financial derivatives held by investors or financial institutions, aimed at diversifying risks and maximizing returns. This article selects stocks of Manulife, BOA, Apple, PLC, and National Pharmaceutical Group from October 21, 2022 to August 9, 2023. This article uses AR model, minimum variance model, and maximum Sharpe's ratio model to predict stock prices, and establishes investment portfolios based on the predicted values. Firstly, based on the first 75% of the data, this article predicts the last 25% of the data. Secondly, based on the prediction, the minimum variance model and the maximum Sharpe ratio model are applied and compared with SP500 within the same time frame. However, the results indicate that the SP500 index performs best in terms of yield. This study suggests that purchasing market index funds is an important investment decision for investors during the volatile US dollar interest rate hike cycle.

Power option pricing problem of uncertain exponential Ornstein–Uhlenbeck model

A power option is an exotic option whose nonlinear payoff is derived from the exponentiation of the price of the underlying asset. Due to its high-leverage, the power option is widely traded in the contemporary financial derivatives markets. This study examines the formulas for power call and put options based on the uncertain exponential Ornstein–Uhlenbeck model. Then the algorithms to calculate the power call and put option are designed. Furthermore, an analysis of the price sensitivity of power options is conducted.

The Benefits and Potential Risks of Using Option Pricing for Investment in Chinas OTC Derivatives Market under the Black-Scholes Model

In this paper, based on the qualitative research and analysis of Chinas financial market, both the benefits and potential risks of using option pricing for investment in Chinas OTC derivatives market under the Black-Scholes model are obtained. In China, OTC derivatives mainly refer to the one-to-one contract trading between institutions, non-on-exchange financial derivatives, naturally, its environment is called OTC derivatives market; Black-Scholes model is a mathematical model for option pricing. Based on the assumption that stock price obeys geometric Brownian motion, it measures the relationship between option price and underlying asset price, term, interest rate, volatility and exercise price. Based on the above variables and their overall two aspects, the gains and losses of Chinas OTC derivatives market under the Black-Scholes pricing model are obtained. Some predictions and expectations are also expressed for the future of this field.

The Study of Risk Management of Financial Derivatives -Taking the Archegos Liquidation Event as Example

In recent years, the market economy has declined due to the impact of COVID-19. Whether the person is a consumer or an investor, they both want to get more out of it. However, people often may be blinded by this idea of quick success, and then lose a lot. Taking the Archegos liquidation event as an example, this article analyzes the risk management of financial derivatives and their effectiveness when the financial market fluctuates through case studies. Through analysis, it can know that when buying or investing in an aggressive investment company, it may bring them high returns and may also bring them huge risks. Because they obtain returns through some of the characteristics of financial derivatives, it is very risky. The impact of this event on Nomura was analyzed by using the method of event research. Furthermore, through this incident, it found some loopholes and problems in financial management and gave rationalization suggestions.