A Review of the Option Pricing Model and Further Development

Abstract

The Black Scholes model and binomial tree model have been the main research objects of scholars in the past fifty years. This article summarizes the optimization process of these two classic option pricing models to understand the different directions of optimizing the models and to provide ideas for future model improvement. Improvements from scholars to the Black-Scholes model mainly focus on the basic model and the relevant variables involved in option pricing, while the optimization of the binomial tree model focuses on the reduction of pricing errors as well as the improvement of model fitting speed. Empirical studies of option pricing models have shown that improved models while enhancing the accuracy of pricing in various financial markets, unavoidably increase computational complexity and reduce efficiency. This article also demonstrates the future integration of financial derivatives pricing models in multiple fields by describing the application of real options in the agriculture, technology, and biology industries.