Financial Dependence Research Articles

Financial Ratio Analysis of Local Government of Pematang Siantar City

This study aims to determine the financial performance of the Regional Government of Pematang Siantar City when viewed from eight ratios such as regional financial independence ratio, fiscal decentralization ratio, regional financial dependence ratio, PAD effectiveness ratio, PAD efficiency ratio, growth ratio, expenditure compatibility ratio and solvency ratio. This type of research is quantitative with descriptive methods. The data used is the 2022 Pematang Siantar City Regional Government Budget Realization report. The data analysis used is a quantitative descriptive method using financial ratios. Looking at the results of the analysis of the eight ratios, there are three of them categorized as unfavorable, namely the level of regional financial independence which is still very low, the Fiscal Decentralization Ratio is still not good and the level of Regional Financial Dependence is still high. While the other ratio is said to be good. This research still has many shortcomings, therefore the author provides suggestions to be a reference for future researchers in the same location or program as the Pematang Siantar City Regional Government program to Measure the Financial Performance of the Regional Government of Pematang Siantar City, North Sumatra Province

Practical Solutions to Enhance the Productivity of Waste Picker Organizations Through the Application of Lean Tools

Purpose: The aim of the research is to improve the productivity of a Waste Picker Organization using lean tools. Introduction: Waste Pickers Organizations (WPO) play a key role in the circular economy and in the Brazilian recycling industry, but several organizational structure inefficiencies hamper productivity. One way to understand how these inefficiencies occur and how to eliminate them is through the application of Lean thinking. Methodology: Lean tools (SIPOC, process modelling, Value Stream Mapping, spaghetti diagram, activity value analysis, and spatial rearrangement) were explored for the analysis of operational activities, focusing on elimination of unnecessary activities and layout changes, and to measure the improvements. Results and Conclusion: After the implementation of the suggested improvements in the WPO waste selection macro process, several productivity enhancements were noted, including a reduction of initial stock (59%), a decreased lead time (41%), lower processing times (57%), and improved cargo handling (17%). These findings clearly indicate how the application of lean tools can improve overall productivity in Waste Picker Organizations being practical solutions that only require human resource. Research implications: Lean tools to enhance the productivity of WPO were applied as practical and inexpensive solutions to identify and describe the main flows and layout types at Waste Picker Organizations (WPO). Originality/value: Practical solutions are the most request issues regarding improvement actions implementations in waste management, but especially when the focus is the waste picker organizations due to the government's financial dependence as the main economic source and difficulties in self-management.

Education for out-of-school children: Unpacking driving factors of vulnerability via digital-learning footprint data in East Africa

Introduction & BackgroundApproximately 617 million children and adolescents worldwide do not possess the foundational skills to live healthy and productive lives. Sub-Saharan Africa is profoundly affected, resulting in social and financial dependency and raising vulnerability to forced marriage, female genital mutilation, and mental health issues. Contextual factors are considered critical in this crisis, yet have received little attention due to a currently insurmountable deficit in traditional census and survey data. Digital footprint data offers a potential route to filling this information gap - particularly in education- and how a learner’s environment can impact digital learning and future well-being.
 To address the crisis, the ‘Global Learning’ XPRIZE competition challenged teams to develop software empowering marginalised out-of-school children to learn literacy and numeracy skills. Five finalist teams tested their technology with 2041 children using handheld tablets in 172 remote villages in Tanzania.
 Objectives & ApproachOur study examined factors that can predict improvements in learning outcomes, building on the digital footprint data collected from the children participating in the device intervention in the form of app usage and locational and activity data. Additional geospatial features were engineered based on village coordinates, distance to local amenities, services and transport, variables serving as additional potential indicators of isolation and connectedness. These data were linked with child-level factors, including household composition and literacy levels.
 After comparative assessment of machine learning regression models, tree-based models (XGB, RF) were used to establish the optimal predictive performance for literacy and numeracy. Variable importance using SHAP was used to determine which specific contextual variables should be considered before deploying digital interventions to support education and well-being.
 Relevance to Digital FootprintsUtilising digital footprint data to quantify the influence of geospatial and contextual data in digital interventions can offer comprehensive insights to understand and address factors impacting learning outcomes in this context.
 ResultsPrior school attendance, home reading environments and high familial literacy were found to be predictors of higher learning outcomes after a technology-based learning intervention. Environments featuring an unemployed caregiver and few siblings were surprisingly consistent positive predictors, suggesting accompanying and focussed caregiver support as valuable for effective development via digital interventions. Proximity to police stations and health centres were revealed as key predictors, indicating the importance of social and physical connectedness in positive learning environments.
 Conclusions & ImplicationsTargeted improvement of EdTech provision with out-of-school learners promises to help the development of learning outcomes in remote villages and reduce vulnerabilities to correlated social and health issues. However, positive outcomes can only be achieved when appropriate supporting environments surround interventions.

Pengaruh Efektivitas PAD, Ketergantugan Keuangan Daerah, dan Efisiensi Keuangan Daerah Terhadap Alokasi Belanja Modal Pada Pemerintah Provinsi Se-Sumatera

One way to achieve a goal in regional autonomy, especially in terms of improving welfare and community services, is through capital expenditure. This study aims to determine the effect of Financial Performance on the Capital Expenditure Allocation of Provincial Governments in Sumatra for 2017-2021. The population in this study is 10 Provincial Governments with a total observation data (sample) of 50 Provincial Government APBD Realization Reports throughout Sumatra. Testing this hypothesis using multiple linear regression with the help of Eviews 12 software. The results of this study show that partially the Effectiveness of PAD and Regional Financial Efficiency have a significant negative effect on Capital Expenditure Allocation. Meanwhile, Regional Financial Dependence does not have a significant effect on Capital Expenditure Allocation.

Bank competition and corporate risk: Firm‐level evidence from BRIC economies

AbstractThe study analyzes the potential influence of bank competition on corporate risk‐taking. The study also analyzes the interactive role of firms' dependence on external finance in this framework. We gauge corporate risk through idiosyncratic risk (market‐based measure) and earnings volatility (accounting‐based measure). Analysing firm‐level data for Brazil, Russia, India, and China (BRIC) from 1999 to 2018 through a ‘two‐step dynamic panel system GMM,’ we discover that more (less) competitive (concentrated) banking sectors assist in reducing corporate risk taking. The risk‐reduction effect is specifically stronger for financially dependent and small‐sized firms. The findings remain unchanged when different proxies of financial dependency, banking sector competitiveness, and risk are employed. Further analysis of the ‘transmission mechanism’—the channel by which the extent of banking sector competitiveness influences corporate risk—uncovers that the competitive banking sectors increase firms' access to finance and allow them to operate with lesser financing obstacles.

Potential of Blockchain to Increase the Effectiveness of Management Accounting: A Systematic Literature Review

This comprehensive literature review examines how blockchain technology may enhance management accounting procedures. The investigation indicates that blockchain technology might change financial data administration and transmission, improving precision, effectiveness, and dependability. However, scalability, interoperability, and data protection must be addressed. The review also underlines the need for greater research to fully understand how blockchain technology affects management accounting in ever-changing organizational contexts. Empirical studies examine blockchain technology's actual applications, whereas conceptual studies examine theoretical frameworks and models. Integrating blockchain technology with Artificial intelligence (AI) and eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) enhances its use in accounting systems. The study shows that blockchain technology might alter management accounting operations, improving financial data quality and dependability for decision-making. Electronic procurement, when integrated with Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and Accounting Information Systems (AIS), can improve transparency, efficiency, and operational automation. This report suggests additional research, adoption strategies, training methodologies, data privacy concerns, and ongoing monitoring.

Analysis Of Financial Performance At Communication And Informatics Department In Bengkulu Selatan District

The performance of government agencies is now in the spotlight with increasing public awareness of the implementation of public administration. Society often views public sector organizations as nests of inefficiency, waste, sources of leakage of funds and institutions that always lose money. The purpose of this study was to determine the financial performance of the Communication and Informatics Service in South Bengkulu Regency.This study uses a quantitative research approach, collecting data using secondary data search, data analysis. The results of this study indicate that the financial performance of the South Bengkulu District Communication and Informatics Service for 2018-2022 based on the degree of decentralization ratio is in the very low category. Then based on the regional financial dependency ratio, experiencing a low level of dependence on the central government in providing transfer funds. Based on the ratio of regional financial independence, experiencing a very low level of independence. Based on the compatibility ratio, namely the ratio of regional financial operating expenditures, experienced a fairly low portion of operating expenditures due to the lack of revenue from the South Bengkulu Regency Communication and Informatics Office.

Financial and instrumental support for adult children and depressive symptoms among older adults in China: Does gender make a difference?

For this study we used the demographic data of 5,669 Chinese adults aged between 60 and 79 years, drawn from the 2018 China Family Panel Studies. The propensity score matching method was used to analyze the effect of providing financial and instrumental support for adult sons and daughters on the depressive symptoms of parents. We also tested for gender differences in this effect. The results showed that providing financial support was significantly associated with greater risk of depressive symptoms in men but not in women. By contrast, providing instrumental support reduced the risk of depressive symptoms in both men and women. These findings suggest that adult children should reduce their financial dependence on their parents and that parents should be encouraged to help their adult children by carrying out suitable instrumental support, which could promote parent???child communication and reduce risk of depressive symptoms in older adults.

Addressing the mental health needs of India's aging population: Understanding depression prevalence and social risk factors in tertiary care outpatients.

Depression is a major public health problem among older persons. Identifying the prevalence and recognizing modifiable risk factors of depression in older persons is essential for early diagnosis and appropriate management. Apart from traditional risk factors, medical comorbidities, chronic illness, and social factors can contribute to depression in the older person. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of depression and identify the medical and social risk factors associated with depression in older persons attending a geriatric outpatient clinic. Consecutive patients aged over 60 years presented to the geriatric outpatient clinic of the Christian Medical College (CMC) and Hospital, Vellore, were screened using the Physical Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Medical, social, and financial information were collected. Following a detailed clinical interview, the Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised (CIS-R) was administered and the ICD-10 diagnosis of depression was derived. A total of 171 participants were recruited. The prevalence of depression was found to be 53.2% with PHQ-2 and 35.6% with GDS. Using CIS-R, 41.5% had an ICD-10 diagnosis of depression. The risk factors associated with depression in older persons were female gender, financial insecurity, lack of pension, and financial dependence. This study revealed a high prevalence of depression among older persons attending a geriatric outpatient clinic. Financial insecurities, particularly lack of pension or financial dependence, were identified as significant social risk factors for depression. Addressing these risk factors may help prevent the onset or progression of depression, thus improving their quality of life.

Ghana's Debt Crisis and the Political Economy of Financial Dependence in Africa: History Repeating Itself?

ABSTRACTRecent accounts of the re‐emergence of debt distress in Africa, while offering significant insights, fail to provide the historical political‐economic context within which African indebtedness is set. On the surface, spending induced by the COVID‐19 pandemic, economic fallout from the Russia–Ukraine war, and repeated examples of fiscal indiscipline by African governments appear to be the causes of the current wave of debt crises. Beyond these factors, however, this article argues that the present indebtedness, like previous episodes, is rooted in the economic and financial subordination of African economies. Specifically, the article places Ghana's extensive debt within the country's post‐independence political‐economic context, and thus traces the structural factors and external constraints that underlie its economic vulnerability and financial dependence. These include the collapse of developmentalism in the 1970s, the Structural Adjustment Programmes of the 1980s, and an exploitative transnational lending system dominated by Western commercial creditors. Internally, recent fiscal mistakes by the government, within its limited policy space, have exacerbated Ghana's indebtedness. The Ghanaian experience shows that unconditional debt cancellation, widely called for, is a necessary but insufficient measure to address the recurring cycles of indebtedness. Debt cancellation should be followed by broader economic and financial reforms, globally and domestically.

Catch-22: A patient’s right to informational determination and the rendering of accounts by medical schemes

Many people who have reached the age of majority still qualify as financial dependents of their parents, and may be registered as dependents on their parents’ medical schemes. This poses a practical conundrum, because major persons enjoy complete autonomy over their bodies to choose healthcare services as they please, including informational determination. However, their sensitive health information may end up being disclosed in the accounts rendered to their parents, as main members of medical schemes, thereby breaching their informational privacy, medical confidentiality and possibly also damaging personal relationships. On the other hand, medical schemes must ensure that they strictly manage the business of their hospitalisation to ensure that they can adhere to their contractual and legal medical insurance obligations. Both major but financially dependent patients and medical schemes have good legal grounds to defend their respective positions. In this article, we will analyse and clarify the applicable legal and ethical grounds by considering medical confidentiality, the Protection of Personal Information Act, the Consumer Protection Act and the Medical Schemes Act and rules. We shall conclude with recommendations to accommodate the interests of both parties.

Problems of protection in Ukraine and foreign experience of prevention from domestic violence

The article examines the problem of domestic violence, which, unfortunately, is taking place in Ukraine today. Over the past 3 years, Ukraine has been shackled by various factors that greatly affect the psychological state of people. First it’s a pandemic, now it’s a war. Specialists do not have time to develop measures that would prevent the occurrence of this type of violence. However, it is impossible to predict exactly.
 Problems of protection against domestic violence can be divided into several main groups.
 Lack of effective legislation and its application: Often the legislation does not meet the needs of the times and does not contain a sufficient number of protective mechanisms. In addition, existing laws are often not applied effectively enough, as a result of which rapists remain outside justice.
 Socio-economic factors: Low level of socio-economic development of the region, low education and cultural level of families, dangerous traditions and beliefs that support violence can contribute to the spread of domestic violence.
 Persistent stereotypes and low educational and informational culture: Victims often do not seek help due to persistent stereotypes regarding the role of men and women in the family, fear of society’s reaction and fear of losing children, as well as due to a low educational and informational culture that does not provide opportunities consciously recognize the problem and look for ways to solve it.
 Inadequate help and support for victims: Victims are not always given enough help and support after seeking help, which can lead to them remaining in the relationship with the abuser.
 Inadequate work with rapists: Usually, various forms of punishment are used for rapists, but until sufficient work is done to rehabilitate them, the problem of domestic violence will not go away.
 Another problem is that many victims of domestic violence do not seek help from law enforcement or social services because of fear, distrust of the system, or financial dependence on the abuser. Therefore, it is important to improve mechanisms for victims to seek help, to ensure confidentiality and safety during the application, as well as to ensure that victims understand that their rights will be protected.

Declining financial performance of local governments in Indonesia: An empirical study during Covid-19

This research focuses on assessing the financial performance of Regency/City Governments in Central Java Province after refocusing their budget during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021. Budget Refocusing is a government policy to cope with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. This policy certainly has an impact on the financial performance of local government. The calculation process to measure the financial performance of local government using formulas adopted from the research and development section of the Ministry of Home Affairs as well as the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Gadjah Mada University, and applied in previous research to calculate financial ratios such as the local government fiscal decentralization, local government financial dependency, regional original income (PAD) effectiveness, and capital expenditure ratios. The results showed that 71.43% of local governments have financial capability in the less category, 62.86% in the moderate category, and 45.71% have a PAD effectiveness ratio in the very effective category. Moreover, the average capital expenditure ratio for the governments was found to be 11.47%.

Aspects Influencing Personal Life and Health Insurance Purchase

The study aims to identify the factors that influence the purchase decision of life & health insurance in Indonesia and determine how those factors influence. The method used in this study is qualitative method with semi-structured interviews. A total of 17 respondents were interviewed from insurance customers, non-insurance customers, and insurance agents in Bandung City. The result of this study indicates that demographic factors such as income level, assets, educational background, financial dependency, and health status directly influence life & health insurance purchase decisions. Insurance product benefits, price, trust in insurance companies, trust in insurance agents, and perceived value insurance were found to influence life & health purchase decisions too directly. Additionally, multiple factors were found to influence insurance trust. These factors include the insurance company brand, selling practices used by insurance agents, perceived service quality of insurance, and insurance literacy. Furthermore, insurance perceived value was also influenced by other factors such as insurance literacy, culture, and environment. Above all aspects, the insurance agents have direct control over the selling practices, service quality, and insurance literacy that someone experience. This study also proved that insurance agents were responsible for the insurance industry’s bad reputation in Indonesia. This result will equip insurance agents to know their customers better and adjust their selling practices to suit potential customers. Insurance agents are also strictly prohibited from mis-selling insurance products.

Experience of elderly women about the interpersonal violence suffered

This study aimed to understand the experiences of elderly women seen in a reference outpatient clinic, regarding to the interpersonal violence suffered in their daily lives. A cross-sectional, qualitative, and exploratory cohort study was chosen, with elderly women seen in a outpatient clinic of a hospital of reference in Recife, from February to March 2022. Data were obtained through semi-structured interviews, audio-recorded, and later transcribed in a literal way. Data analysis was carried out using Minayo's thematic content analysis technique. The sample included 13 elderly women, with a mean age of 68.8 years. The categories revealed, from the perspective of the elderly, an increase in the occurrence of violence and its relationship with substance use and financial dependence. Furthermore, it was observed that healthcare professionals and support services are ill-prepared to identify violence and provide protection and care measures. It is understood that there is a long way to go in terms of legislation and professional practice guidelines in elder protection commissions.

Analisis Perbandingan Kinerja Keuangan Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Dan Kota Di Provinsi Kalimantan Utara Sebelum Dan Sesudah Pemekaran Daerah

One measure of how well newly independent regions manage their territories is how well they function financially. North Kalimantan Province was officially formed on November 16, 2012, with the signing of Law No. 20/2012 on the Establishment of North Kalimantan Province. The purpose of this study is to compare the financial performance of districts and cities in North Kalimantan Province before and after regional expansion (2010-2013) and after regional expansion (2014-2017). The research method used is quantitative method. The revenue growth ratio and PAD effectiveness ratio differ between before and after regional expansion, as determined by the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Meanwhile, there is no difference between the ratio of regional financial dependence and regional financial independence, the degree of decentralization, or the degree of decentralization. Differences in the ratio of expenditure growth to GRDP, the compatibility of operating expenditure, and the compatibility of capital expenditure can be seen in the ratio of regional expenditure both before and after the division.
 Keywords: Financial Performance, Regional Expansion, Regional Autonomy, Local Revenue, Financial Gap

ANALISIS RASIO KEUANGAN DAERAH DI KABUPATEN/KOTA PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGGARA


 
 
 
 Abstract. This study tries to analyze the financial performance of regional governments after fiscal decentralization by analyzing the financial ratios in the regional budget realization reports for 17 districts / cities in Southeast Sulawesi for the 2015-2018 period. The measurement results show that the ratio of fiscal decentralization is still very low below 20%, financial dependence on the central government is also very high followed by ineffective PAD management. The findings indicate that in general the existence of fiscal decentralization does not encourage regional independence, especially in districts / cities in Southeast Sulawesi.
 
 
 
 

Channeling and dampening: The role of political ties in information disclosure and concealment.

Non-profit organizations (NPOs) help the state achieve its social objectives. At the same time, they often depend on the private-sector actors for donations. The different beliefs of public- and private-sector actors regarding which practices are desirable for NPOs can affect the transparency of these organizations. We propose that political ties influence NPOs to comply with state-mandated disclosure requirements, while simultaneously dampening their willingness to voluntarily disclose sensitive information that may jeopardize their legitimacy in the eyes of private-sector stakeholders. The impact of political ties on disclosure is contingent upon two factors. First, market institutions moderate such effects because expectations of public- and private-sector actors may diverge more in freer markets than where the state has inordinate power. Second, financial dependence on the state amplifies both effects as dependence on the state exerts more pressure for compliance whilst making politically connected organizations appear even more questionable in the eyes of the private-sector stakeholders. Leveraging a policy shock that weakened political ties, we found that following the policy shock, charities in China reduced their compliance to state-mandated information disclosure, but increased their voluntary disclosure. The opposing roles of political ties in mandatory versus voluntary disclosure is further supported by a policy capturing study involving private donors in China. This study has important implications for research on political ties and information disclosure.

STANDARDS OF LIVING OF YOUTH IN THE REGION: DYNAMICS OF SUBJECTIVE ASSESSMENTS

Priority strategic documents approved in the Russian state in the last decade directly relate to improving the living standards of the population. One of the key tasks is to create conditions for the realization of the existing resource potential of the younger generation, which is impossible without increasing incomes and improving their living standards. The purpose of this article is to assess the standard of living of the younger generation in the regional context based on sociological data (subjective assessments). The empirical base of the study was the data of public opinion monitoring conducted in the territory of the Vologda Oblast (N=1500). The theoretical and methodological part of the article presents the main scientific approaches to the categories of «standard of living» and «youth». The main results (empirical part) analyze the subjective assessments of the living standards of the younger generation in dynamics for 2018–2022 in terms of purchasing power indicators, self-assessment of the financial situation, social self-identification and dependence on state support. It was revealed that young people in the region have low consumer opportunities, the majority freely dispose of their income only within the framework of basic needs (purchase of food, clothing, payment for necessary services); the groups of low-income and middle-income young people remain predominant. The conclusion is made about higher subjective assessments of the quality of life of the younger generation, in contrast to the assessments of the older generation.

A financial risk meter for China

The study presents FRM@China, a novel risk meter that uses quantile-lasso regression to detect systemic financial risk and dependencies of tail-events among critical financial institutions in China. The analysis demonstrates the high level of robustness of FRM@China in predicting tail-event risks and a negative correlation between FRM@China and FIs' TE risk interconnectedness. To address limitations of the current FRM approach, the study employs the Shapley value to assess the impact of different macroeconomic variables. The results offer policymakers a valuable tool for monitoring market liquidity and evaluating financial policy responses to prevent severe financial risks.