Financial Bases Research Articles

Formation of personnel potential in the amalgamated territorial communities of Ukraine

Problem settings. In Ukraine, the formation of amalgamated territorial communities (ATCs) is carried out in the process of administrative-territorial reform implementation. Resilience of the community is ensured by strong financial and infrastructural bases and staffing potential. Determination of the main directions of ensuring the formation of the personnel potential of local self-government bodies will increase the professional level of provision of administrative services at the local level.Recent research and publications analysis. Analysis of scientific publications, allowed to establish the following: the problem of skilled personnel shortage in the amalgamated territorial communities is objective in nature. Most newly elected local government officials have little experience to work with much more resources, powers and responsibilities.The category “managerial potential” reveals the integrative capability of local governments and residents of the territorial community to effectively use and develop the potential of the territorial community, to manage the territory for its development. Measures have been initiated for staffing of ATCs functioning in different regions of Ukraine.Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. In the conditions of decentralization of government in Ukraine, the issue of transferring the functions of management and implementation of administrative services to the basic level, that is, a newly formed amalgamated of territorial communities, remains relevant. The objective condition for the successful implementation of reforms is the availability of personnel in the ATCs who have the necessary competencies to carry out administrative functions and provide administrative services to members of the community. The question of defining the main directions of ensuring the formation of the personnel potential of ATCs in the current conditions of conducting administrative and territorial reform in Ukraine is relevant and requires further research.Paper main body. The staffing potential of ATCs is characterized by a set of possibilities and capabilities of highly skilled workers to apply knowledge, skills and abilities for organizational and managerial decisions in order to achieve strategic goals of development and ensure the competitiveness of the community. The formation of amalgamated territorial communities in Ukraine is characterized by positive dynamics. The financial capacity of the community is a guarantee of the successful formation of the human resources potential of the territories. At the same time, human resources play a leading role in the functioning of the community. The effectiveness of their use affects the performance of the community and the achievement of its competitive advantages.The conducted analysis of the main tasks of the organizations and institutions that promote the professional development of local self-government officials has made it possible to isolate the directions of ensuring the formation of the staffing potential of the ATCs in the interaction of employment centers, local government development centers, higher educational institutions and all-Ukrainian associations. Successful implementation of decentralized government reforms requires the availability of staff with the necessary competencies in the ATCs. These competencies can be divided according to their importance in terms of ensuring functioning and development of ATCs.Higher educational establishments should act as initiators of providing a highly professional, intellectual, innovative basis for the formation of the staffing potential of ATCs through creation of educational and advisory centers, advisory services etc.Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. Agreement and coordination of the activities of organizations and institutions that provide raising of the professional level of local government officials and the formation of the staffing potential of ATCs will allow achieving a mutually beneficial synergistic effect in the introduction and implementation of reforms in the administrative and territorial system in Ukraine.The separation of competences of managerial and professional staff in the spheres and areas of community life and the distribution of its importance in ensuring the functioning of the ATCs will contribute to the training of staff with a high level of professionalism and responsibility for the effective construction and further development of capable territorial communities.

Економічна основа самодостатності місцевого самоврядування в сучасних умовах

Актуалізовано теоретичні визначення муніципального управління та місцевого самоврядування. Обґрунтовано, що їх взаємозв’язок виражений економічною основою, яка є цілком компліментарною щодо підсистеми соціально-економічного розвитку громад та виражається у їх самодостатності.

Peripheral Circulations, Transient Centralities: The International Geography of the Avant-Gardes in the Interwar Period (1918–1940)

This article questions the common historiography about the avant-gardes in the interwar period, in which Paris is often considered the international avant-garde capital city, with surrealism as its perfect model. It starts with the idea that the history of the avant-gardes (artists and artists’ groups who considered themselves or who were considered innovative) could be studied as “a social field,” but also an international field structured by mobility. It focuses on the circulation of avant-garde artists and their works, as well as the social, economic, financial, geopolitical, and colonial bases of these circulations, to understand how some groups, artists, stories, and centers managed to establish themselves better than others. Contrary to the regular narrative based on Parisian domination, a circulatory approach highlights that Paris isolated itself from avant-gardes in the 1920s, unlike the opening of Germany and Central Europe, and that the surrealists themselves were not so international until 1929. Looking at social groups, at their movements and circulation, as well as the various strategies deployed and the underlying geopolitical positions taken by artists after 1929, it shows that from 1929, the Parisian scene, and the surrealist movement in particular, very slowly became a new focus for new artistic generations. Paris only became a global center of avant-garde circulation after 1934 and surrealism then gradually became the focus of international artists’ careers. In this process, artists coming from the peripheries of Europe and the Americas, cultural transfers, and resemanticization processes played a central role.

EVALUATING THE USE OF HOSPITAL BED CAPACITY IN MEDICAL ORGANIZATIONS

Since recently, a number of normative legal acts aimed at increasing the salaries of medical professionals in the Russian Federation have been implemented. As these decisions are not supported by increasing the financial bases of medical organizations, those institutions may develop the accounts payable status. Under these conditions, the efficient usage of hospital beds may bring a financial relief to these medical institutions. The present study addresses the assessment of bed usage and suggests a well-rationalized set of methods to evaluate and characterize the bed usage efficiency. The main indicators of this efficiency are: the number of beds, the bed turnover, the number of hospitalized patients, the average length of hospital stay per patient per year, and the average bed occupancy per year. In this study, we analyze the available data on the hospital bed usage taken from the annual statistical information published by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Using the method of chain substitutions we have found ways to improve the quality of medical services and reduce economic losses in medical organizations. Our results recommend implementing periodical analysis of the hospital bed usage both in general and in specialized clinics. The results also suggest mobilizing more reserves to increase the performance of hospital bed usage, mainly by increasing the bed occupancy in specialized round-the-clock hospitals. It is recommended to conduct a comparative analysis of the planned vs factual bed usage, to restructure the hospital setting with a possible change in the number of specialized beds, to optimize the routing of patients when providing primary medical care, as well as routing the patients when providing emergency service including emergency specialized medical care.

Communications Solutions: cashing in the chips

Synopsis Communication Solutions (CS), a woman-owned business, experienced fast growth at its inception, and then found itself slowing after the mid-2000s recession. The firm provides consulting services, primarily to government agencies. The owners have brought the business to sales of about $10.5 million in 2012, but revenues declined following that peak year because of cutbacks in government spending and founder Jennifer Madison’s detachment from the business. Even though they recognize that it may not be an ideal time to sell, they are tired of running the business and want to sell now, as long as they can pay off their debts. Research methodology This case was researched through multiple interviews with Mark and Jennifer, who provided all of the financial data and background. All financial statements given in the case provide actual CS numbers. The name of the company and the names of the owners have been changed, at their request to disguise the company. At the time this case was written, the owners were in negotiation with a potential bidder, and did not want their names or their company name to be used. Market information and information about comparable companies was researched using publicly available financial data bases. Relevant courses and levels This case has the potential to be used in a variety of classes, depending on what the instructor wishes to emphasize. The author uses the case as a valuation case in a corporate finance class (suitable for undergraduates or MBAs), allowing students practice in discounted cash flow valuation and comparable multiples valuation. It could be used in an investments class which teaches business valuation, particularly in teaching valuation using market multiples. The case could be used in an entrepreneurial finance class. The author uses this case to illustrate the difficulties of business valuation with messy (but real) data. Theoretical bases This case explores small business valuation and exit strategies for founders. Students can put themselves in the position of small business owners who are ready to exit. Students should value the firm using discounted cash flow and multiples valuation, which includes making assumptions about the future growth of the firm. While there is likely to be reasonable agreement on the “as is” valuation, there may be great variation concerning the assumptions and valuations of the company as it could be. Students can discuss (and implement) adjustments made when using large company comparables to value a much smaller company.

Menadžerski aspekti međuzavisnosti zaštite životne sredine i budžeta

Financing environmental protection is one of the main goals of any modern state. Focusing on the financial institution like the budget we present level of needs and possibilities of meeting the basic needs regarding the establishment and functioning environmental protection system. Using statistical methods present the causal relationships between the elements of environmental protection systems and their financial bases in the economic power of the state in modern conditions the diameter of the Republic of Serbia.

EDUCATIONAL PRODUCTION AS A DETERMINING FACTOR IN SOCIETY DEVELOPMENT

A new paradigm for economic development of higher educational institutions of Ukraine requires appropriate institutional support. The reality of domestic transients is the imperfection of institutions, which corresponds to the mixed economy of market type and adequately represents the norms and stereotypes of behavior in the spheres of income distribution regulation, employment, social security, health, education. The purpose of the paper is to study the role of educational production as a determining factor in economic development of society. Methodology. In the researching process general scientific and special methods of the studying processes and facts were used in their correlation and development. Among them: monographic – in the forming of the research subject and object; induction and deduction – in the determining of the means, objects of the labour and factor of educational production; the method of the systematic studying the business processes – in the determining of the interaction of the main components of the educational production. Results. The cause of any production is needs availability. To meet his needs the person should enter into business relations with other people that is the basis of market relations. A key resource of the economy, the main engine of development perform is the knowledge which is also an important criterion for successful adaptation of a man in society. Accordingly, in society, the role of education as a sphere of production, exchange, consumption of knowledge is increasing. The received knowledge, skills and other competences by the individual is the end result of educational process. Knowledge is one of the main elements of intellectual property and intellectual capital, and it contributes to the development of the macroenvironment, namely, labor and scientific potential of the state. Each high school, its scientific and innovative activity, its financial bases of development, depends on the efficiency of using new knowledge. Value/originality. It is established that the main components of educational process are: at the macro level – the needs of society, state, educational environment and resources; at the micro level – activities in the field of education and science, individual, scientific and pedagogical workers, the interaction of whom leads to the transmission, assimilation, augmentation and use of knowledge, skills and other competencies.

Financial distress at Comercial Mexicana, 2008-2011

Synopsis Controladora Comercial Mexicana, a Mexican retailer, had successfully managed the bankruptcy process and was ready to emerge from its problems, primarily caused by speculation and excessive debt, and begin operations anew. Was the restructured Comerci capable of regaining its position as a premier retailer, and more importantly, was the firm capable of repaying the high level of debt that it carried following bankruptcy reorganization? How strong was the reorganized firm? Had Comerci truly left its problems behind in bankruptcy court, or would history repeat itself? How could Comerci raise funds needed for growth – through additional debt? Though asset sales? Research methodology This case was researched using publicly available information, including the company's financial statements, bankruptcy filings, news stories about the bankruptcy and financial data bases (e.g. ISI Emerging Markets, Economática, Capital IQ, etc.) to obtain information about the competitors and from financial analysts. Relevant courses and levels This case is intended for advanced undergraduate or MBA electives in finance. Students should have a basic understanding of valuation and financing before attempting this case. The case could also be used in a corporate finance or banking class to illustrate bankruptcy and credit risk, or could be used in an international business class to illustrate the differences between USA and international bankruptcies.

УМОВИ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ПЛАТОСПРОМОЖНОСТІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ В КОНТЕКСТІ ЇХ ФІНАНСОВОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ

In the article on the basis of financial management theoretical and methodological bases research as for the conditions of enterprise solvency ensuring as one of the important indicators of the economic and production system financial security was revealed the absence of clear and unified approach to the gradation and classification of mentioned conditions. Taking into account the problems of this study it was proved presence of the needs to choose the optimal conditions that have the most significant impact on the process of the enterprise solvency ensuring and improve the efficiency financial and economic activities of entities, and their level of financial security in modern conditions of economic development. Results of the study allowed offering own vision of the basic conditions for the enterprise solvency ensuring from the position of financial security. It was determined that such basic conditions for the enterprise are: availability and provision of assets liquidity and satisfactory balance sheet structure; balanced enterprise capital formation sources structure; effective receivable and payable accounts management; rational and sustainable cash flow management; selecting and applying of effective payment methods. It was proved that compliance with these conditions of enterprise solvency provision will allow avoiding the threat of its financial security level worsening.

Многофункциональные центры предоставления государственных и муниципальных услуг: преимущества и проблемы создания

In recent years, public policy focuses on the quality and accessibility of public services. The role and importance of these services in the daily life of communities is growing rapidly.
 To achieve the performance targets in public services established by the President of the Russian Federation in May 2012 decrees by the Government of the Russian Federation developed and is currently being implemented a range of activities aimed at the optimization of the algorithm of public services provision by executive authorities in connection with the introduction of a new principle of government service — the principle of "one window".
 In order to implement this principle, which is one of the ways to improve the quality and accessibility of public services in all regions of the Russian Federation measures are currently being implemented aimed at promoting an information and communication infrastructure to facilitate obtaining state services in electronic form.
 Another ambitious project is to create a network of multifunctional centers providing state and municipal services. Meanwhile, despite the fact that the implementation and operations of multi-service centers in the regions of Russia has a number of advantages for a number of applicants (public services are becoming more affordable, it takes less time for their production, the number of documents required to obtain public services is minimized, etc), for the state establishment and operations of such institutions are associated with solving problems that require timely and swift action.
 The author analyzes some current problems related to legal, regulatory and financial bases for establishing a network of multi-service centers, its development and operations.

Adoption of Modern Bee Hive in Arsi Zone of Oromia Region: Determinants and Financial Benefits

Arsi zone is one of the Oromia regional state’s zones with high potential of honey and bees wax production and where there was dissemination of modern beehives. This research was initiated with objectives of quantifying adoption rate of modern beehives and its determinant factors and drawing policy implication for further extension of the technology. The study was conducted in seven districts of Arsi zone and 251 rural beekeepers were interviewed. The average productivity of the modern beehives and local beehives was found to be 19.77 kg/hive and 5.13 kg/hive. The total number of local bee hives possessed by interviewed beekeepers was found to be 1201 while that of modern beehives was found to be 279 hives which shows that the adoption rate is low and if we increase the adoption rate by 50%, the amount of honey harvest will increases by 11,862 kg which is about 5700 kg more than the total honey beekeepers can get from keeping the whole 1201 local hives. Chemical application (herbicides and pesticides), bee predators, lack of knowledge and skill on modern beehives, lack of modern beehive accessories, lack of bee forage and lack of capital were major beekeeping bottlenecks. The result of binary Logit model revealed that the main determinants of adoption are farmyard size, number of local hives beekeepers possessed, training provided, participation on demonstration, wealth status of beekeepers, and participation of beekeepers on nonfarm income sources. Provision of different information towards increasing or improving the saving capacity or culture of beekeepers, provision of adequate and relevant agricultural extension services (such as training on modern beekeeping technologies and experience sharing among beekeepers), provision of credit services to widen the financial bases of poor beekeepers and facilitating access to modern beehives and its accessories especially honey extractor and wax stumper which can increase beehives productivity were the recommendation that was drawn from the output of this research.

Disciplinas Virtuais nos Cursos de Graduação, a Busca por Uma Sustentabilidade Pedagógica

The blended education, combining distance with face-to-face learning, seems to have a definite place in higher education. With its offer possible by the Ordinance 4059, from the Ministry of Education, the experience is spread in institutions of higher education. In several of them, there is a strong argument on financial bases for adopting the model, due to the reduction of costs with human resources, possible because of the high number of students in the virtual classroom, albeit with high risk of precarious formative work. However, the deployment of virtual courses faces several challenges, which may endanger the pedagogical sustainability of the proposal. Some of these problems are considered in the article, based on an experience of a virtual course in pre-service teacher education.

ФІНАНСОВО-ЕКОНОМІЧНІ ОСНОВИ СТАНОВЛЕННЯ МУНІЦИПАЛЬНОЇ МІЛІЦІЇЇ В УКРАЇНІ: ПРОБЛЕМИ ТЕОРІЇ ТА ПРАКТИКИ (Financial and Economic Bases of Formation of the Municipal Police in Ukraine: Problems of Theory and Practice)

Ukrainian Abstract: У статті розглядаються засади фінансової автономії територіальної громади, аналізуються фінансово-економічні основи становлення муніципальної міліції в Україні. Автором запропоновані найбільш оптимальні способи вирішення проблеми фінансування територіальною громадою підрозділів муніципальної міліції в умовах сьогодення. English Abstract: In the article the basis of financial autonomy of the territorial community is considered. Financial and economic bases of formation of the municipal police in Ukraine are analyzed. The most optimum ways of solving the problem of funding the municipal police departments by the territorial community in present-day conditions are suggested by the author.

Causes and consequences of gully erosion: perspectives of the local people in Dangara area, Nigeria

This study examines the causes and consequences of gully erosion, as perceived by the local people of Dangara area, Nigeria. The study particularly seeks to explore the local people’s perceptions of gully erosion and how it affects crop, settlement development, crop yields, land ownership and values, rural economics and private conservation investments in Dangara area of Nigeria’s Federal Capital Territory. It is based on analysis of data collected using questionnaires administered to 346 respondents in the area. The responses received for the various aspects considered in evaluating the respondents’ perspectives of the processes, causative factors, consequences and control measures of gully erosion in the study area were subjective to Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) to detect and explore relationships between knowledge of causes of gully erosion and use of conservation measures. The results obtained indicated that the major factors causing erosion that the respondents identified in order of preference were climate, land cover, hydrology, land use and topography. For the processes, the main ones identified were slope wash and valley slope retreat, while all the other (including potholing, solution, hydraulic action, corrosion and attrition) ones were ranked with zero (0) scores indicating that the respondents were not aware of them. In the case of consequences of gully erosion, the MCA analysis indicated that livelihood, infrastructure, economy and social life were the main ones. For measures of controlling gully erosion, the analysis revealed that engineering, mechanical, land use control and agronomic measures were the ones being applied. The results obtained thus indicated that (1) the farmers were familiar with gully erosion but less aware of splash, stream bank, sheet and rill erosion; (2) the farmers did not fully understand the processes involved in gully erosion; (3) the respondents’ personal traits significantly influenced the level of their perception of the problem in the area; (4) only the uneducated among the respondents claimed to largely be unaware of gully problem in the area; (5) most of the respondents were aware of gully erosion-control measures such as sand filling, terracing, afforestation, planting of cover crops, grazing control and road construction control but could not adopt to them; and (6) the main control measures being adopted by the people include avoiding cultivating steep slopes, contour ploughing across slope, stopping land scarification, crop rotation, bush burning control, fallowing and strip cropping. These findings suggest that promoting gully erosion control in the area requires that adequate attention be given towards educating the people on the processes of gully development and the values of adopting new control measures as well as those they were aware of but have not been adopting. Since the farmers were not adopting some of the measures they are aware of largely due to lack of technical and financial base, there is the need for the development and adoption of strategies that could improve their technical and financial capabilities to enhance their capability for adopting them. In order to enhance capacity of the people of the studied community, there is the need to develop and adopt strategies that could improve technical and financial bases of the people in the area. It was further recommended that any policy aimed at comprehensively addressing gully erosion in the area must address the differences in people’s perception of the problem at the outset.

Spatial Information for Sustainable Land Resources Development: Using Technology for Informed Decision Making

With high urbanization and weak financial bases, Local Governments in Nigeria are struggling to keep up with the rapid pace of change. Despite commitment to sustainable development by the Nigeria government, poor or inappropriate data management practices have posed constraints towards realization of its set goals. The potential for digital data technology is therefore being recognized by many government and local authority managers as a necessary aid to informed decision making during planning and delivery of services. However, it is common practice for spatial data within the same authority to be stored in formats not conducive to their effective use as a common resource and information being withheld unnecessarily from other users. With reference to Katsina, this paper draws on Nigeria's relatively well developed cadastre system to explore how a cadastre-based Land development system can be developed for easy identification of properties and their owners/occupiers; and the formation, and implementation of databases to facilitate efficient processing and dissemination of spatial data for sustainable management of Land resources. Despite the initial high cost of implementing a Geographic Information System, and although it might be argued that the circumstances are different, the paper draws parallels with the initial land registration process in Nigeria whose records are still being use by government through data sales many decades later and argues for its (GIS) implementation. The paper focuses on providing technical solutions for better spatial data management as they relate management and delivery of Land resources services in Katsina.

Exercise Referral in Germany

Primary care physicians in Germany are potentially in a pivotal position to provide physical activity counselling and exercise referral for their patients. The preventative prescription scheme dates back to the late 1970s. This scheme called “green prescription” (Grünes Rezept), however, could not be established as exercise referral scheme in primary care on a regular and systematic basis. After the German Medical Association (Bundesärztekammer), the German Association for Sports Medicine and Prevention (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Sportmedizin und Prävention) and the German Olympic Sports Federation (Deutscher Olympischer Sportbund) had developed the standardized national quality criteria of Physical Activity on Prescription in a joint effort, the German Medical Association has adopted them in 2011 and now recommends them to the Medical Associations of the Federal States for implementation. These national criteria establish a framework, but given the federal structure of Germany, schemes are not implemented in a uniform or centralized way. The federal states rather develop their own delivery methods according to local possibilities and needs. Exercise as a therapeutic means in the rehabilitation phase of a large number of chronic conditions as well as for people with disabilities is a legally established part of health care. The current legal and financial bases as well as the level of institutionalised support for the prescription of physical activity and exercise within health care are markedly different in the areas of prevention and therapy, respectively. While patients with chronic conditions are entitled to receive free exercise as a means of therapy (within certain limitations), no such “right” exists in the area of prevention. Exercise referrals rely on group offers with defined high standards in organised sports, making use of easily accessible sport clubs which are a traditional part of community life. Rigorous scientific evaluations are needed to provide guidance on how to further develop Germany´s exercise referral schemes.

Globalisation, Urbanisation and Spatial Inequality in India with special reference to North East India

Globalisation, an increasing international interaction in economic, political and cultural aspects, is a highly uneven set of processes whose impact varies over space, through time, and between social groups. On one hand, as globalisation seems to be an inevitable reality, many developing countries are restructuring their economies to receive and reap the benefits of widening and deepening global economic interactions. On the other hand, there are regions, which are increasingly excluded, and ‘structurally irrelevant’ to the current process of globalisation. Moreover, cities are at the core of development strategy of globalisation. While cities in developed countries are becoming centres of globally integrated organisation of economic activity, cities in developing countries are usually at disadvantage positions due to weak financial bases, low levels of technology as well as lack of infrastructural facilities and institutional factors.The present paper, in the limelight of these contradictions, analyses the differential impacts of economic globalisation in cities and regions of India in general and Northeast India in particular. It is noted that the ushering of globalisation through structural adjustment of the economy during the 1990s has disparate impacts on various cities and regions of the country. The paper also examines the infrastructural constraints of cities of Northeast India as well as the existing institutional arrangements to ‘globalise’ the region through neoliberal reforms and investments.Â

Auditor's choice and earning management after Enron scandals: empirical approach in French context

This paper investigates the relation between ownership structures, auditor’s choice and earning management after Enron scandals in the French context. The sample is composed of 119 firms from Thomason financial data bases and annual reports over 2002–2005 periods. Multivariate analyses document that: 1) property dispersion is associated with high audit quality even after Enron scandals; 2) whereas the banking confidence has been withdrawn after Enron failure; 3) finally, Big Four auditors have no effect on the magnitude of discretionary accruals.

Problems and prospects of regional demographic fertility policy

The necessity to reasonably combine federal and regional measures of fertility policy is substantiated. The aspects, objectives, and tasks of regional fertility policy are distinguished. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the experience of Russia’s regions in forming the organizational, legal, and financial bases of demographic fertility policy. Among the essential problems of statutory and regulatory support of regional fertility policy, the absence of a uniform system of legal acts governing demographic development is distinguished. The factors classified by the author as decreasing the quality of organizational support of regional demographic fertility policy in Russia are disassociation and inconsistency in the actions of authorities aimed at improving birth rates and the absence of a due regional and municipal scientific and HR potential. It is proved herein that the inconsistency of spending powers with income sources for regional fertility policy and the replacement of basic means of ensuring proper budget income with target financing makes authorities develop their demographic measures not according to the reasonability of expenses necessary to achieve defined objectives but proceeding from the remaining opportunities; as a result, regional fertility policy is often declarative.

Financial and technological bases as central factors in library informatization

We discuss the concept and content of the financial and technical bases of libraries and their evolution; the roles libraries play in the information society of today, the resources employed in libraries, and trends in using the financial and technological bases of libraries to provide easily accessible digital information resources to many users.