Final Years Of Elementary School Research Articles

A LITERATURA NA PERSPECTIVA DE PROFESSORES DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL

O presente artigo expõe o conceito de literatura de professores de Língua Portuguesa e Literatura dos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental, interrogados por meio de questão discursiva em questionário. Procura compreender o valor da arte literária para os profissionais do ensino, através da comparação com os conceitos de literatura expressos pelos documentos da educação brasileira e com as perspectivas teóricas que caracterizam a formação acadêmica nos cursos de Letras. Conclui que, para os profissionais do ensino consultados, a arte literária tem valor fundamental na formação humana e é capaz de elevar-se sobre a linguagem cotidiana. Encerra afirmando o alinhamento dos conceitos apresentados como um facilitador para as iniciativas públicas para a formação de leitores no Brasil. Por fim, aponta para a necessidade de novas pesquisas que acordem as concepções e as práticas de docentes formadores de leitores. http://dx.doi.org/10.14572/nuances.v26i3.3681

Percepção da realização de aulas práticas e sua contribuição no processo de ensino de ciências na Escola Municipal Maria Villany Delmondes Jaciara-MT

Este estudo teve como objetivo averiguar a frequência da realização de aulas práticas na disciplina de Ciências nas séries finais do ensino fundamental, procurando compreender as potencialidades e dificuldades quanto essa prática, para posteriormente propor a realização destas aulas diferenciadas com materiais disponíveis ou de fácil aquisição na escola campo. A metodologia utilizada foi o estudo de caso e a coleta de dados foi questionário aplicado aos professores. A pesquisa se realizou na Escola Municipal Maria Villany Delmondes situada no Município de Jaciara-MT. Para coleta de dados foram aplicados questionários aos professores para analisar a frequência que utilizam deste recurso e, qual a percepção que os mesmos possuem em relação à importância das aulas prática. Em seguida durante o estágio de regência foram confeccionados questionários contendo cinco questões do conteúdo que estava sendo trabalhado e foram aplicados aos discentes (sondagem-1) para averiguar o conhecimento mediante os conteúdos teóricos abordados e posteriormente compará-los com (sondagem-2) mesmo questionário, após a utilização de aulas prática dos mesmos conteúdos ministrados anteriormente. Procurou compreender dessa maneira a realidade dos professores e se realmente a realização dessas aulas podem contribuir no processo de ensino aprendizagem do discente no ensino de Ciências.

The qualitative analysis of biochemical content in textbooks of elementary school

Introduction: Biochemistry is the science that deals with the metabolic functions of living beings. In its concepts, it uses chemistry and biology to study the interactions of organisms with the environment. For basic education students is often complex the association of biochemistry with their daily lives, especially in elementary school where they have their first contact with science in school and the didactic book will serve as an important tool for research. Thus, this work aims to analyze qualitatively content related to biochemistry in science books of the final years of elementary school. Methods: We analyzed six science books used in elementary school, and the following criteria were examined: clarity and language presented on the inserted content; resolutions and images shown subtitles, and interdisciplinarity of matters. Results and discussion: The books of the sixth and fifth years were those who achieved the expected learning goals. The first of then made a very good presentation of the content and the images, addressing the subject in an interdisciplinary way. However, the second one is well below in the analyzed criteria, bringing the matter in a vague writing, and failing in associate the content with other assumptions themes. The images had a very low quality and their explanations were difficult to associate. Conclusion: We can say that the biochemistry content are complex, however its development from the beginning of primary education contributes to overcoming the complexity of their understanding. The analysis of the books brought a result that was expected. Only one book had significantly positive results in all analyzed characteristics, the other books had some very good aspects, but in several details, they were vague and poorly contextualized. Approaching the school sciences to the student every day we can demystify scientific knowledge and its production.

Tuning in to teens: Improving parental responses to anger and reducing youth externalizing behavior problems

Parent emotion socialization plays an important role in shaping emotional and behavioral development during adolescence. The Tuning in to Teens (TINT) program aims to improve parents' responses to young people's emotions with a focus on teaching emotion coaching. This study examined the efficacy of the TINT program in improving emotion socialization practices in parents and whether this reduced family conflict and youth externalizing difficulties. Schools were randomized into intervention and control conditions and 225 primary caregiving parents and 224 youth took part in the study. Self-report data was collected from parents and youth during the young person's final year of elementary school and again in their first year of secondary school. Multilevel analyses showed significant improvements in parent's impulse control difficulties and emotion socialization, as well as significant reductions in family conflict and youth externalizing difficulties. This study provides support for the TINT program in reducing youth externalizing behavior problems.

A Multidimensional Examination of Parent Involvement across Child and Parent Characteristics

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to clarify equivocal findings in the parent-involvement literature and examine novel interactions in a New Zealand context. Specifically, this study tested direct effects of school year, parent education, family structure, and child gender on parent involvement in elementary school. In addition, interactions between parent, family, and child characteristics were explored as moderators on the relation of school year and parent involvement. Participants were 421 primary caregivers of children attending their first through final years of elementary school on New Zealand’s South Island. Structural equation models were used to detect direct and interaction effects. Findings revealed statistically significant direct effects for several parent, family, and child characteristics examined. No interaction effects were found. Implications and future research directions are discussed.

ATENDIMENTO EDUCACIONAL ÀS DIFICULDADES DE APRENDIZAGEM NA LEITURA E ESCRITA NA REDE ESTADUAL DO PARANÁ

Com base nos conceitos fundamentais da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural, discutem-se as proposições legais para o apoio aos alunos com dificuldades de aprendizagem na leitura e na escrita, nos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental da rede pública estadual paranaense, vigentes durante o ano de 2013. Nesse sentido, são analisados alguns aspectos das instruções normativas relativos ao atendimento promovido pelas Salas de Apoio à Aprendizagem de Língua Portuguesa e também pelas Salas de Recursos Multifuncionais - Tipo I. Finaliza-se apontando avanços, fragilidades e possibilidades na oferta desse atendimento.http://dx.doi.org/10.14572/nuances.v25i3.3075

Sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with physical activity in Brazilian adolescents.

BackgroundPhysical activity in adolescents is associated with short- and long-term health benefits. Physical activity can occur in various domains and is influenced by a complex network of factors. The aims of this study are 1) to describe the physical activity of Brazilian adolescents in physical education classes, during leisure time, and during active commuting and 2) to investigate the socio-demographic and behavioral factors associated with physical activity.MethodsThe representative sample included 109,104 Brazilian students in the final year of elementary school from 2,842 schools. The weekly frequency and duration of physical activity were assessed. A variety of socio-demographic and behavioral factors were studied. A multiple Poisson regression analysis was used to test for associations between physical activity and the socio-demographic and behavioral variables.ResultsMost of the students (97.0%) engaged in physical activity in at least one of the domains studied, especially physical education at school (81.7%) and leisure time physical activity (67.5%). However, only 29% of the adolescents reached the recommended level of physical activity. Among the adolescents who reached the minimum recommended time for physical activity, the various domains contributed the following proportions to total physical activity: leisure time physical activity (PR 12.5; 95% CI 11.17-13.97), active commuting (PR 1.63; 95% CI 1.59-1.67), and physical education at school (PR 1.36; 95% CI 1.29-1.44). The weekly frequency of all activities was greater among boys than among girls. Moreover, nearly two-thirds (61.8%) of students spent more than two hours per day engaging in sedentary behaviors; the prevalence of sedentary behaviors was similar between boys and girls (59.0 and 64.5%, respectively).Total level of physical activity, leisure time physical activity, and active commuting were associated with higher nutritional scores.ConclusionsPhysical activity is important in any health promotion program. Therefore, it is necessary to invest in policies and interagency initiatives that promote all domains and to ensure that the general population helps determine the scope and design of such policies.

Tuning in to Teens: Improving Parent Emotion Socialization to Reduce Youth Internalizing Difficulties

AbstractResearch in child development suggests that parents' emotional competence and emotion socialization practices are related to children's emotional functioning, including child internalizing difficulties. This research has not yet been translated into intervention or prevention programs targeting parents of older children and adolescents. The current study examined the efficacy of the Tuning in to Teens parenting program in improving emotion socialization practices in parents of preadolescents and reducing youth internalizing difficulties. Schools were randomized into intervention and control conditions. Data were collected from 225 parents and 224 youth during the young person's final year of elementary school (sixth grade) and again 10 months later in their first year of secondary school (seventh grade). Multilevel analyses showed significant improvements in parental emotion socialization and reductions in youth internalizing difficulties for the intervention condition. This study provides support for the efficacy of the TINT parenting program with a community sample.

MODELAGEM MATEMÁTICA NOS ANOS INICIAIS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL: UMA INVESTIGAÇÃO IMPERATIVA

Researches on Mathematical Modeling in Mathematics Education have expanded the educational setting and presented relevant contributions to mathematics teaching in the different stages of education. Hence, in order to approach these surveys, we developed this work seeking for the answer to the question: Which education levels are Brazilian researches about Mathematical Modeling in Mathematics Education focused on and what does it reveal? To answer this question we directed our research to the abstracts of the post-graduation works that are available in CAPES Theses Database, Brazil. At this initial moment, we understood that Mathematical Modeling in Mathematics Education presents itself as a trend that contributes to the development of meaningful learning and improves the quality of teaching in mathematics. However, most researches indicate its presence and contributions for the Final Years of Elementary School and High School, and the productions or reflections on the possibility of its use in the first years of elementary school are still incipient. Keywords : Early Years; Mathematics Education; Mathematical Modeling.

Marcas de gênero na Educação Física escolar: a separação de meninos e meninas em foco

This article discusses how the concept of gender pervades the discourses that take theseparation of boys and girls as a necessary and important tool in Physical Educationclasses in school. Teachers of Physical Education from a public school in Porto Alegrethat taught the final year of elementary school and used the separation in their classeswere interviewed. They also answered a questionnaire. The analysis of the materialproduced with these research tools allowed us to discuss the ways in which gender affectsschool discipline. The Foucauldian analysis of discourse and gender theory formed thebasis of the analysis undertaken in this text.

Associations Between Early Life Stress, Child Maltreatment, and Pubertal Development Among Girls in Foster Care

The present study investigated pubertal development in girls with maltreatment histories (N = 100), assessed at four time points over 2 years beginning in the spring of their final year of elementary school. This sample is unique, in that participants were subject to an unusual level of environmental risk early in life and resided in foster care at the start of the study. Analyses replicated the previously established association between sexual abuse and earlier onset of maturation and earlier age at menarche. Physical abuse was related to a more rapid tempo of pubertal development across the period assessed. These results strengthen previous investigations of childhood maltreatment and puberty, highlighting the complexity and specificity of early life experiences for later development.

Student Discipline Problems and the Transition From Elementary to Middle School

The transition from elementary to middle school is difficult for many students. However, the association between such transitions and changes in the types and frequencies of student discipline problems has not been adequately investigated. Using data from two school years, infractions and dispositions for all 5th-grade students ( N = 4,196) from one school district are followed from the final year of elementary school through the first year of middle school. Results show a substantial increase in reported student discipline problems and the use of in-school suspension in middle school.This increase is most dramatic for subjectively defined infractions like “class disturbance” and “failure to follow rules” compared to more concrete, objective infractions. Implications for educators and school administrators are discussed.

Trajectories of Social Withdrawal from Middle Childhood to Early Adolescence

Heterogeneity and individual differences in the developmental course of social withdrawal were examined longitudinally in a community sample (N = 392). General Growth Mixture Modeling (GGMM) was used to identify distinct pathways of social withdrawal, differentiate valid subgroup trajectories, and examine factors that predicted change in trajectories within subgroups. Assessments of individual (social withdrawal), interactive (prosocial behavior), relationship (friendship involvement, stability and quality, best friend's withdrawal and exclusion/victimization) and group- (exclusion/victimization) level characteristics were used to define growth trajectories from the final year of elementary school, across the transition to middle school, and then to the final year of middle school (fifth-to-eighth grades). Three distinct trajectory classes were identified: low stable, increasing, and decreasing. Peer exclusion, prosocial behavior, and mutual friendship involvement differentiated class membership. Friendlessness, friendship instability, and exclusion were significant predictors of social withdrawal for the increasing class, whereas lower levels of peer exclusion predicted a decrease in social withdrawal for the decreasing class.