Final Table Research Articles

REDUCED ELECTRIC-OCTUPOLE TRANSITION PROBABILITIES, B(E3;01+→31−)—AN UPDATE

A previous compilation of excitation energies Ex (31−) and reduced electric-octupole transition probabilities B(E3;01+→31−) for first 3− states of even-even nuclides, which covered the literature to March 1988, has been updated to cover the literature to the end of 2000. Data obtained from various experimental procedures are tabulated. The final table presents adopted values of B(E3;01+→31−), together with the E3 transition strengths |M(E3)|2 in Weisskopf units. Plots of |M(E3)|2 versus mass number A, atomic number Z, and neutron number N confirm the existence of structure suggested in the earlier work.

Archives: A statistical overview

This chapter of Cultural Trends examines the increasing use of statistical data to support evidence‐based management in the archival domain. After explaining how archives are managed and used, it reviews the available sources of data and evidence about the work of the domain and its contribution to the cultural agenda. Because there are no official requirements for data collection, much of the work on archival statistics has been voluntary, informal and, until now, uncoordinated. As a result, there are no comprehensive sources of data and no common statistics spanning the whole range of archives services. In their absence, this chapter explores the make‐up of the archival network and uses the available statistical data on core service elements as the basis for postulating averages for use as models for an attempted overview of the domain. While the limitations of this approach necessarily warrant caution over the results ‐ which are described as tentative ‐ it is proposed that with further refinement such a model could form the basis for future headline statistics of key archival inputs and outputs. The remainder of the chapter looks in detail at evidence and trends in archives, with a particular focus on usage (user profiles, motivation for using archives and patterns of use etc); collections management and stewardship (archive holdings and preservation activities); and impact. The section on impact takes an overview of the archival contribution to the public policy agenda with regard to social, economic and learning issues. In conclusion, the chapter reflects that too much of the previous effort has gone into measuring the resource base. It is argued that the future emphasis should be on using the available data to provide evidence of impact ‐ showing how archives can and do ‘make a difference’ in the broader cultural agenda. A final table illustrates the views of users on what archives contribute to society, highlighting the potential for creative partnerships between archives and other cultural service providers.

Systematic Reviews of Selected Dental Caries Diagnostic and Management Methods

A systematic review of the English-language literature was conducted to address three related questions concerning the diagnosis and management of dental caries: a) the performance (sensitivity, specificity) of currently available diagnostic methods for carious lesions, b) the efficacy of approaches to the management of noncavitated or initial carious lesions, and c) the efficacy of preventive methods among individuals who have experienced or are expected to experience elevated incidence of carious lesions. From 1,328 caries diagnostic and 1,435 caries management reports originally identified, thirty-nine diagnostic studies and twenty-seven management studies were included in the final evidence tables. Point estimates or reasonable range estimates for the diagnostic validity of methods for the diagnosis of carious lesions could not be established from the literature reviewed. There are insufficient numbers of reports of diagnostic performance involving primary teeth, anterior teeth, and root surfaces. For posterior occlusal and proximal surfaces, quality issues and the variation among studies precludes establishing such estimates. The apparent differences in sensitivity among methods are generally smaller than the variation reported within methods. The literature on the management of noncavitated carious lesions consisted of five studies describing seven experimental interventions. Because these interventions varied extensively in terms of management methods tested as well as other study characteristics, no conclusions about the efficacy of these methods were possible. The literature on the management of individuals at elevated risk of carious lesions consisted of twenty-two studies describing twenty-nine experimental interventions. The strength of the evidence for the efficacy of fluoride varnish for prevention of dental caries in high-risk subjects was fair, and the evidence for all other methods was incomplete. Because the evidence for efficacy for some methods, including chlorhexidine, sucrose-free gum, and combined chlorhexidine-fluoride methods, is suggestive but not conclusive, these interventions represent fruitful areas for further research.

FLARE INDEX DURING THE RISING PHASE OF SOLAR CYCLE 23

A brief description and results of the flare index (FI) as a measure of solar activity for cycle 23 are given. The calculation of the daily flare index was determined using the final solar flare tables from the National Geophysical Data Center A. The final data of FI are presented in graphical form over the rising activity phase of solar cycle 23. Daily calculated values are available for general use in Kandilli observatory's and NGDC's anonymous ftp servers. The pattern of similar activity indices that arise under different physical conditions during the rising activity phase are compared with the flare index. The north-south asymmetry in the daily flare index data was studied.

A Taxonomic Key to Mature Larvae of Cleptoparasitic Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)

A taxonomic key is presented for the identification of mature larvae of cleptoparasitic bees to family, subfamily, tribe, and genus/subgenus. A total of 39 genera/subgenera are treated. All taxonomically important characters are illustrated. A table cites references to mature larvae described since the appearance of “A catalog and review of immature Apoidea (Hymenoptera)” (R. J. McGinley, 1989, Smithson. Contrib. Zool. 494: 24 pp.). Other tables list the known or strongly suspected cleptoparasite/host associations at the tribal, subfamilial, and familial levels. A final table lists the genera/subgenera of cleptoparasitic bees whose mature larvae have yet to be found and studied.

Le récepteur soluble de la transferrine: du métabolisme á l'intérět clinique

The clinical diagnosis of iron deficiency and overload remains often too belated. In spite of some advances, the biological assessment of iron status does not achieve the specificity and the sensitivity expected by the physicians. Th After reviewing the structures, the intracellular traffic and the metabolic transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulations of these receptors, the interpretation of the classical laboratory indices of iron status and analyse the reasons why the soluble receptor measurement represents a significant diagnosis of iron deficiency and in the evaluation of red blood cell mass during eryihroid hypoplasias and hyperplasias. A final table summarizes the main aetiologies of the alterations of soluble transferrin receptor.

A Detailed Investigation of Radio Power Selection Effects Relevant to the Study of Classical Double Radio Sources

A sample of powerful classical double radio sources, also known as FR II sources, has been assembled to study the properties of the radio sources and their gaseous environments, as well as the redshift evolution of these properties. The possibility that the observed redshift dependences of various parameters of interest are caused by radio power selection effects is investigated here using statistical tools such as two-parameter fitting and partial rank correlation analysis. It is found that the Mach number of lobe advance, the lobe propagation velocity, and the ambient gas density of the FR II sources are unlikely to be significantly affected by radio power selection effects. Hence, the observed redshift dependences of these parameters are likely to reflect real redshift evolution. A previous study by Wellman, Daly, & Wan indicates that the powerful FR II sources in this sample lie in cluster-like gaseous environments. The fact that the ambient gas density of the FR II sources is not affected by radio power selection means that these sources can be used to probe the evolution of their environments. Specifically, the observed decrease of the ambient gas density with redshift is likely to reflect real redshift evolution rather than being caused by radio power selection effects. It is interesting to note that the current data suggest that the Mach number of lobe advance is independent of redshift, while the lobe propagation velocity increases with redshift, as summarized in the final table in this paper. Radio power selection effects are likely to be quite weak, if present at all, in the study of the nonthermal pressure inside a classical double source, and the study of the characteristic size of a source. The two-parameter fitting and partial rank correlation analysis applied to the ambient gas temperature and luminosity in directed kinetic energy of the jet yield inconclusive results, so these direct analyses do not clearly indicate whether the redshift evolution of each of these two parameters is due to radio power selection effects. However, each parameter is estimated using other parameters such as the Mach number of lobe advance, the lobe propagation velocity, and the nonthermal pressure inside the radio lobe, which do not suffer significant radio power selection effects.

Hierarchical Fuzzy Logic Water-Level Control in Advanced Boiling Water Reactors

A hierarchical fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is applied to control the water level in an analytical simulation using a simplified advanced boiling water reactor model. To reduce the control effort of the feedwater pump, the linguistic variable, change in pressure, was adopted. Four linguistic variables were used for the FLC design, and the number of control rules became large if the conventional FLC design method was used. Using a hierarchical rule structure reduces the total number of control rules and thus the final decision tables. To reduce the design effort, two methods were separately developed for fine-tuning. One tunes the scaling factors using an optimization method, and the other tunes the control rules using a method similar to a fuzzy model reference control. The simulation results show that the performance of the hierarchical FLC is comparable to that of the proportional-integral controller, but use of the designed controller results in a shorter settling time.

On hyperspaces of generalized metric spaces

We study the heredity of the classes of generalized metric spaces to the hyperspaces of non-empty compact subsets and finite subsets with the finite topology. We complete the final table given in the last section.

P44 Using SAS and wordperfect to automate the production of study data tables

INFORMATION Do you see yourself in this picture? The first step is to determine what information is to It is time to update the semi-annual study as a merge form file (see Figure 1). Decide on title data report. The database revisions are lines, contents and placement of columns and rows, done, the SAS programs have been run. . .. and labeling. The form file will be a combination of then comes the time-consuming and text and merge codes. The text entries will remain error-prone task of transferring numbers from constant. Put the merge code FIELD in each location computer printouts into reader friendly where text and/or numeric data will be inserted from formats. the merge data file. These fields are consecutively We stopped all of this repetitive transcribing and headers and footers as well as table cells. The merge checking by using SAS and WordPerfect together for data file is an ASCII file created in SAS. rapid and accurate preparation of publication quality tables. The macro RENUMBER can be used to number the fields. Put the tilde symbol ~ in the document where For each table the first step is to design a skeleton you want a merge field code. The macro will insert the form in WordPerfect. Next a SAS program is written field codes numbered appropriately. It can also be to put data for the table into an ASCII delimited text used to renumber the fields if the table is changed. file. The third step is to execute the SAS program and to merge the data into the form in WordPerfect and thus create the final report table. Once the form is designed and the SAS program written, the update of the table can be accomplished easily by repeating step three above. Also, when several tables are required, this method can be automated by creating WordPerfect macros to perform the merges and to combine the tables into the final report.

Arranging phytosociological tables by species‐relevé groups

Abstract. A newmethod of arranging phytosociological tables by species‐relevé groups (blocks) on the basis of the density of rows and columns (relative species frequency and relative species number) is presented. Each block fulfils a given minimum criterion regarding its density. With a density threshold of e.g. 50 %, blocks are formed with only those species that are present in at least 50 % of the block's relevés, while at the same time the block's relevés comprise at least 50 % of the block's species. The procedure starts with the complete table and iteratively masks species and relevés with the smallest densities. This is performed step by step with species and relevés and continues until the given density threshold for all species and relevés is exceeded. Without any further parameters other than the minimum density, species‐relevé groups of gradually decreasing size are formed. Data processing is performed with a computer program (ESPRESSO). The main application of the method is found in an effective pre‐sorting of relevé data. The blocks formed can be arranged in the final table as desired.

PERIPHERAL BRAIN: Common Poisonings

This new section of Pediatrics in Review is designed to be clipped or duplicated and filed in a handy place in the office, clinic, or emergency department, providing a convenient and concise reference. The table below, Specifics of Therapy, explains the abbreviations used in the sections that deal with particular poisons. The final table lists clinical and laboratory findings and reminds the reader of those agents that should be considered. These tables are meant as a guide for the physician treating the pediatric poisoning victim. The lists of drugs, effects, and therapies are by no means exhaustive or complete. (Additional useful tables can be found in last November9s issue on Poisoning, PIR 1993;14:411-422.) Consultation with a poison control system is highly recommended in the treatment of overdoses.

PERIPHERAL BRAIN

This new section of Pediatrics in Review is designed to be clipped or duplicated and filed in a handy place in the office, clinic, or emergency department, providing a convenient and concise reference. The table below, "Specifics of Therapy, "explains the abbreviations used in the sections that deal with particular poisons. The final table lists clinical and laboratory findings and reminds the reader of those agents that should be considered. These tables are meant as a guide for the physician treating the pediatric poisoning victim. The lists of drugs, effects, and therapies are by no means exhaustive or complete. (Additional useful tables can be found in last November's issue on Poisoning, PIR 1993;14:411-422.) Consultation with a poison control system is highly recommended in the treatment of overdoses.

Establishment of Populus deltoides Under Simulated Alluvial Groundwater Declines

-Establishment, growth and survival of seedlings of Populus deltoides subsp. monilifera (plains cottonwood) were examined in an experimental facility simulating five rates of declining alluvial groundwater. The treatments were permanent saturation, drawdown rates of 0.4, 0.7, 2.9 cm/d and immediate drainage. The experiment was conducted outdoors in planters near Fort Collins, Colorado. Seedling survival was highest under the two slowest drawdown rates and declined significantly with faster drawdown rates. The highest growth rate was associated with the drawdown rate of 0.4 cm/d, in which mean shoot height was 2.4 cm and mean root length was 39 cm 98 days after planting. Growth of shoots and roots was reduced both by saturated conditions and by the more rapid drawdown rates of 0.7 and 2.9 cm/d. No establishment was observed in the immediate drawdown treatment. Whereas maximum biomass accumulation is associated with the most gradual drawdown or saturated conditions, seedlings establishing naturally under such conditions are also most likely to be removed by ice or subsequent flooding. Seedlings establishing in higher topographic positions, in contrast, are subject to increased mortality and reduced shoot growth, resulting from reduced soil moisture. Rapid root extension following establishment allows P. deltoides seedlings to grow across a wide range of groundwater drawdown rates, and thus a variety of positions across a gradient of riparian soil moisture. Our results indicate that in coarse alluvial sands of low fertility, 47% of germinating P. deltoides seeds were able to survive in association with a drawdown rate of 2.9 cm/d and a final water table depth of 80 cm.

Easy state tables for compound statement sequence detectors

A very simple divide-and-conquer method for a class of word statements which breaks down a statement to obtain several simple state tables is presented. By following rules for combining the tables, a correct final state table can be constructed. The method has additional bonuses in that what if changes can be explored, and logically impossible word statements can be detected. The method is easy to apply and it provides students with a way of solving difficult problems correctly.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Psychophysical capacity of industrial workers for lifting symmetrical and asymmetrical loads symmetrically and asymmetrically for 8 h work shifts.

This paper presents comprehensive maximum acceptable weight of lift (psychophysical lifting capacity) database for male and female industrial workers for lifting symmetrical and asymmetrical loads symmetrically and asymmetrically for 8 h work shifts. The experimental data collected in previous studies on experienced (industrial) and inexperienced (non-industrial) materials handlers (Mital 1984a, Mital and Fard 1986) and the patterns of responses between the two populations (Mital 1985, 1987) were used to generate this database. Since previous work (Mital 1985, 1987) showed that responses of both experienced and inexperienced materials handlers to task variables are similar and also provided multipliers relating the psychophysical lifting capacities of the two populations, it was possible: (1) to convert psychophysical capacity data for asymmetrical lifting of symmetrical and asymmetrical loads, collected on inexperienced workers to reflect psychophysical lifting capacity of experienced workers for asymmetrical lifting; and (2) to take psychophysical lifting capacity data of experienced industrial workers for symmetrical lifting of symmetrical loads and generate from it their psychophysical lifting capacity for symmetrical and asymmetrical lifting of symmetrical and asymmetrical loads by using the response patterns of inexperienced workers to lifting symmetrical and asymmetrical loads symmetrically and asymmetrically. Both approaches were used and, as expected, provided almost identical values for the psychophysical lifting capacity of industrial workers for symmetrical and asymmetrical lifting of symmetrical and asymmetrical loads. Therefore, the final database tables provided in this paper used combined values generated by the two methods.

Microcomputer Software Applied to Corneal Stromal Biometry

Here we report a new method for image analysis of the corneal stroma. To obtain the biometric characteristics of a given area, we perform three different treatments of the same image. These automated predictions closely match each parameter (length, surface area, etc.), as measured manually by a "blind investigator." Furthermore, to obtain quantifiable, average values, we have increased the number of successive image measurements, which has led to the development of a series of programs designed to optimize automated data handling. Finally, the acquired, calculated parameters are summarized in the form of intermediate tables for each series of images, and as a final summary table incorporating t-test values and permitting comparison between two stromas (e.g., normal and pathological). Multivariate analysis and an ascending hierarchical classification demonstrate the main trends in differences of pathological vs. normal stroma.

Study-Planning with Science and Compliance as the Driving Forces

Science and compliance are not competing forces. Only by simultaneous application of scientific principles and compliance requirements can appropriate, replicable safety evaluations be produced. Our organization has developed a system, identified as Telstar, by which teams that include members from each department are assigned to each study before its initiation and continue to be involved with the study until issue of the final report. This team is identified on the basis of appropriate expertise and experience and representation of appropriate areas. The Telstar team for each study includes the study director/report coordinator, the principal technician, the animal care technician, the data specialist, the information specialist, and the quality assurance auditor. Start and end times are assigned to each study period, including protocol approval, the various phases of study conduct and critical phase audits, specific raw data audits, beginning and ending of the in-life phase meetings, preparation of intermediate and final tables, review of tables, review of report results with senior staff, report writing by the study director, submission of report to senior staff, revision times, submission of report to quality assurance for audit, final review by study director after the quality assurance audit, final review by management (including review of the quality assurance audit results for the report), and report issue. Throughout the study, various team members interact with the study director, and scheduling is checked at twice-weekly management meetings, allowing study design and milestones to be modified if necessary. Use of this project team, with the study director coordinating specialists from each area, results in a quality product that meets all needs.

Enhancements and updates to the riskmod risk analysis model

The computer model RISKMOD was developed to provide assistance in the evaluation of policies for the movement of dangerous goods, by estimating objective risk. The model represents individual vehicle shipments of dangerous goods on the truck and rail networks for which the associated risks are estimated in a series of steps. The first step involves an accident rate prediction, followed by a spill rate prediction, given an accident. In subsequent steps, the damages are evaluated of an accident alone, and of an accident followed by a spill of goods. The final tables provide link by link risk estimates and a summary of the total risk for the entire route. A novel feature of the RISKMOD model is the valuation of consequences, which provides a common denominator in terms of expressing risk, so that all risks may be summed on a route. This paper describes recent modifications to the model which have been made, based on new data. Specifically, the risk associated with the mechanical aspects of an accident are included separately from the risk due to the release of the dangerous cargo. In addition, more detailed truck release data have been included to better reflect the range of consequences which follow a release event. Both modifications assist in providing a more accurate and representative account of the risks associated with transporting dangerous goods.

Consideration of load asymmetry, placement restrictions, and type of lifting in a design database for industrial workers

This paper provides a comprehensive psychophysical capacity (also called maximum acceptable weight or acceptable capacity) database for designing frequently performed industrial manual lifting tasks. The design data presented here are for male and female industrial workers working regular 8-hour shifts. The existing design databases, which are limited to sagittal lifting of symmetrical loads and were integrated in an earlier work, were expanded to include the effects of asymmetrical loads, asymmetrical lifting, and load placement in restricted spaces. The final design data tables thus are more comprehensive and realistic. Manual lifting jobs designed on the basis of these new tables, therefore, are expected to be safer and more productive.