Final Point Research Articles

Game-Based Backstepping Design for Strict-Feedback Nonlinear Multi-Agent Systems Based on Reinforcement Learning.

In this article, the game-based backstepping control method is proposed for the high-order nonlinear multi-agent system with unknown dynamic and input saturation. Reinforcement learning (RL) is employed to get the saddle point solution of the tracking game between each agent and the reference signal for achieving robust control. Specifically, the approximate optimal solution of the established Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs (HJI) equation is obtained by policy iteration for each subsystem, and the single network adaptive critic (SNAC) architecture is used to reduce the computational burden. In addition, based on the separation operation of the error term from the derivative of the value function, we achieve the different proportions of the two agents in the game to realize the regulation of the final equilibrium point. Different from the general use of the neural network for system identification, the unknown nonlinear dynamic term is approximated based on the state difference obtained by the command filter. Furthermore, a sufficient condition is established to guarantee that the whole system and each subsystem included are uniformly ultimately bounded. Finally, simulation results are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Understanding the sintering behavior of AlCrFeNiTi high entropy alloy via phase field modeling illustration

In this study, a computational approach is employed to understand the densification behavior of a multi-component alloy system during the sintering process by generating a phase field modeling image. First, a single-phase body-centered cubic (BCC) AlCrFeNiTi high entropy alloy (HEA) is prepared via a mechanical alloying (MA) route, and the powder-processed HEA is shown to exhibit dual BCC phases after spark plasma sintering (SPS). Then, phase field modeling (PFM) is used to generate a generalized image and to understand densification behavior during the sintering process. The results indicate that bulk and grain-boundary diffusion take place during the early stage and grain growth of the powder particles starts when the particles interact with their adjacent grains. Subsequently, in the final sintering stage point contacts and necking were observed. This understanding has been presented based on the phase field simulation to explore the different stages of the sintering during the processing.

Expression of Toll-like receptors in the cerebellum during pathogenesis of prion disease.

Prion diseases, such as scrapie, entail the accumulation of disease-specific prion protein (PrPSc) within the brain. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are crucial components of the pattern recognition system. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and play a central role in orchestrating host innate immune responses. The expression levels of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the central nervous system (CNS) were not well-defined. To establish a model of prion diseases in BALB/C mice, the 22L strain was employed. The features of the 22L strain were analyzed, and the cerebellum exhibited severe pathological changes. TLR1-13 levels in the cerebellum were measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) at time points of 60, 90, 120, and the final end point (145 days post-infection). During the pathogenesis, the expression levels of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 1, 2, 7, 8, and 9 increased in a time-dependent manner. This trend mirrored the expression patterns of PrPSc (the pathological isoform of the prion protein) and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Notably, at the end point, TLR1-13 levels were significantly elevated. Protein level of TLR7 and TLR9 showed increasing at the end point of the 22L-infected mice. A deeper understanding of the increased Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in prion diseases could shed light on their role in initiating immune responses at various stages during pathogenesis. This insight is particularly relevant when considering TLRs as potential therapeutic targets for prion diseases.

A Study of The Effects of Feedback on College Students’ Self-Regulated Learning in an Online Learning Environment

Background: Effective feedback positively affects the learning process of students, and its role is manifested in the fact that it can stimulate learning motivation and promote cognition. In self-regulated learning as a learning mode, feedback is also an essential key factor in the process of its activities. Based on the requirements of an online learning environment for college students' self-regulated learning as well as the current situation that the overall level of Chinese college students' self-regulated learning ability is only in the middle, this study hopes to provide feedback based on the process of self-regulated learning, implement feedback for college students using online learning, and explore the impact of feedback on college self-regulated learning to test the utility of feedback. Methods: This study combines literature analysis, experimental research, and a questionnaire to conduct an in-depth study of the impact of feedback on undergraduate self-regulated learning in an online learning environment. Sample: 37 students’ final grade point average in the previous semester is taken as the pre-test score. Based on this data, the study subjects are divided into two groups that are not statistically different. A teaching experiment lasting one semester is conducted on two groups of students: one receiving feedback and the other not, serving as the experimental and control groups. Results: (1) Feedback has a positive impact on college students' self-regulated learning level; (2) Feedback does not have a significant impact on college students' academic performance in the short term. Conclusion: This study investigates three aspects of model construction, feedback design, and empirical evidence to provide feedback based on learners' self-regulated learning processes in online learning environments to improve college students' self-regulated learning.

Задача управления мультиагентной транспортной системой

A new class of control problems for a certain transport system is considered. The peculiarity of the system is the variable number of participants in the control process. The regrouping of participants, along with their unification and dispersal, is determined by the specified target points of visit, the initial point of departure and the final point of completion of the system’s movement, and the constructed trajectories. The structure of a multi-agent transport system implies the presence of primary and secondary carriers, with the former being able to transport the latter at some stages. It is at such moments that the number of participants in the control process changes. In the constructed mathematical model of the movements of the system under consideration and its control, a hybrid system of differential equations with switching is obtained, containing continuous and discrete components. The problem of finding optimal routes under certain constraints is solved.

Micro plastic driving changes in the soil microbes and lettuce growth under the influence of heavy metals contaminated soil.

Microplastics (MPs) have garnered global attention as emerging contaminants due to their adaptability, durability, and robustness in various ecosystems. Still, studies concerning their combination with heavy metals (HMs), their interactions with soil biota, and how they affect soil physiochemical properties and terrestrial plant systems are limited. Our study was set to investigate the combined effect of HMs (cadmium, arsenic, copper, zinc and lead) contaminated soil of Tongling and different sizes (T1=106 µm, T2=50 µm, and T3=13 µm) of polystyrene microplastics on the soil physiochemical attributes, both bacterial and fungal diversity, compositions, AMF (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi), plant pathogens in the soil, and their effect on Lactuca sativa by conducting a greenhouse experiment. According to our results, the combination of HMs and polystyrene microplastic (PS-MPs), especially the smaller PS-MPs (T3), was more lethal for the lettuce growth, microbes and soil. The toxicity of combined contaminants directly reduced the physio-biochemical attributes of lettuce, altered the lettuce's antioxidant activity and soil health. T3 at the final point led to a significant increase in bacterial and fungal diversity. In contrast, overall bacterial diversity was higher in the rhizosphere, and fungal diversity was higher in the bulk soil. Moreover, the decrease in MPs size played an important role in decreasing AMF and increasing both bacterial and fungal pathogens, especially in the rhizosphere soil. Functional prediction was found to be significantly different in the control treatment, with larger MPs compared to smaller PS-MPs. Environmental factors also played an important role in the alteration of the microbial community. This study also demonstrated that the varied distribution of microbial populations could be an ecological indicator for tracking the environmental health of soil. Overall, our work showed that the combination of HMs and smaller sizes of MPs was more lethal for the soil biota and lettuce and also raised many questions for further studying the ecological risk of PS-MPs and HMs.

Medicine and Health in the European Dream

The primary purpose of this publication is to show some fundamental links between health, medicine, democracy, and the new Europe rebuilt after 1945. The European health system is connected to the Enlightenment and its universalistic ideas. A universalistic health system includes all individuals, regardless of wealth, culture, race, gender, religion, nationality, sexual orientation, or other distinguishing features. My final point is to support the EU's universalism, which has frequently been controversial; it can be maximized by the digital revolution rather than minimized due to the high and growing costs of medical care. These pages were born from a project aimed to assess the public health changes from the perspective of the upheavals caused by COVID-19. The research project involved the collection of documentation, with interviews and fieldwork, to highlight the response capabilities to the pandemic, particularly in the Italian healthcare system, the first to be affected in the West. The interviews were conducted in various countries, and all the documentation was considered from a comparative perspective. These pages constitute an intermediate research report with a view to final publication. In my presentation, I will also delve deeper into a previous project ("EU and Turkey: Connecting Identities, Bridging Cultures") that was launched in 2008 with the support of the European Union and started together with the German universities of Heidelberg and Ludwigsburg and various universities in Turkey. At the various stages of my inquiry, I have published many books and articles on different themes (Gammone, 2021, 2018, 2015; Gammone and Sidoti, 2012).

Improvement of the mathematical model of the navigation area for the optimal ship passage route

Planning the optimal route of a vessel passage is a key problem in the design of traffic planning and navigation systems. This problem consists in the need to determine the trajectory from the initial point to the final point, which ensures the absence of collisions with obstacles. When solving this problem, it is also necessary to take into account the dynamics of the vessel, the uncertainty and non-stationarity of the water environment, the time to calculate the path and the physical feasibility of the trajectory. The planning task is traditionally formulated as the task of optimizing the state of the current position of the vessel relative to the target position. Most often, this problem is solved in the configuration space, which consists of a set of obstacles, kinematic and dynamic constraints, and a set of points in the swimming areas. Planning methods are divided into global and local. Global methods build a route based on a known map, while local methods adjust the path when obstacles are detected. However, at the moment, mathematical models of the navigation area only partially take into account the uncertainties of the zones in which the vessel operates. This determines the planning of local trajectories within a specific swimming area using a simple straight-line algorithm. Since in the process of planning the transition from «berth» to «berth» in order to ensure the navigational safety of the ship, it is necessary to use all available information to compile the most detailed imaginary model of the ship's transition before the start of each voyage. In order to solve this task, this paper proves that in the process of building the optimal route, it is necessary to conduct a full analysis of all stages of the passage of the vessel, which increases the optimality of the planned passage route. The mathematical model of the navigation area for the optimal route of the ship's passage has been improved, in which the mathematical apparatus of fuzzy sets is applied

Faktor Penyebab Terjadinya Perceraian di Pengadilan Agama Serang

Divorce is the final point of a marriage that is unable to achieve the noble goal of family happiness as expected by every married couple. This study aims to find out about the factors that cause divorce in the Serang Religious Court. To achieve these objectives, the researchers used descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Informants in this study were judges, junior clerks and Posbakum. Data collection was carried out using the method of observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique used is data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. Based on the research results, it was found that the highest causes of divorce in the Serang Religious Courts were (1) Continuous Quarrels and Disputes (47%), (2) Economics (36%), (3) Domestic Violence (12%), (4) Leaving one of the parties (5%), and the consequences of divorce are very broad and complex, because it is not only the divorced husband and wife who feel the consequences of the divorce but also the impact on children and wealth.

Developing a novel selection method for alcoholic fermentation starters by exploring wine yeast microbiota from Greece.

The selection of native yeast for alcoholic fermentation in wine focuses on ensuring the success of the process and promoting the quality of the final product. The purpose of this study was firstly to create a large collection of new yeast isolates and categorize them based on their oenological potential. Additionally, the geographical distribution of the most dominant species, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was further explored. Towards this direction, fourteen spontaneously fermented wines from different regions of Greece were collected for yeast typing. The yeast isolates were subjected in molecular analyses and identification at species level. RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) genomic fingerprinting with the oligo-nucleotide primer M13 was used, combined with Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) technique. All yeast isolates were scrutinized for their sensitivity to killer toxin, production of non-desirable metabolites such as acetic acid and H2S, β-glucosidase production and resistance to the antimicrobial agent; SO2. In parallel, S. cerevisiae isolates were typed at strain level by interdelta - PCR genomic fingerprinting. S. cerevisiae strains were examined for their fermentative capacity in laboratory scale fermentation on pasteurized grape must. Glucose and fructose consumption was monitored daily and at the final point a free sorting task was conducted to categorize the samples according to their organoleptic profile. According to our results, among the 190 isolates, S. cerevisiae was the most dominant species while some less common non-Saccharomyces species such as Trigonopsis californica, Priceomyces carsonii, Zygosaccharomyces bailii, Brettanomyces bruxellensis and Pichia manshurica were identified in minor abundancies. According to phenotypic typing, most isolates were neutral to killer toxin test and exhibited low acetic acid production. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis revealed the presence of four yeast groups based on phenotypic fingerprinting. Strain level typing reported 20 different S. cerevisiae strains from which 65% indicated fermentative capacity and led to dry wines. Sensory evaluation results clearly discriminated the produced wines and consequently, the proposed yeast categorization was confirmed. A novel approach that employs biostatistical tools for a rapid screening and classification of indigenous wine yeasts with oenological potential, allowing a more efficient preliminary selection or rejection of isolates is proposed.

Longitudinal Changes in Overall 3D Supraspinatus Muscle Volume and Intramuscular Fatty Infiltration After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair.

There is considerable debate regarding the longitudinal changes in overall rotator cuff (RC) muscle atrophy and intramuscular fatty infiltration (FI) following RC repair. We analyzed the longitudinal changes in overall 3D supraspinatus muscle volume and intramuscular FI (3D FI) to determine the effect of tear size and repair integrity on 3D muscle volume and intramuscular FI. Forty-seven patients who underwent arthroscopic RC repair and had 6-point Dixon shoulder magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) preoperatively and 3 and 12 months postoperatively were enrolled. The 3D supraspinatus muscle volume and intramuscular FI were calculated at the 3 time points, and their changes over time were evaluated in the entire cohort as well as according to tear size and repair integrity. The agreement of the difference between time points among the patients was assessed by Bland-Altman analysis. In the cohort as a whole, there were no significant longitudinal changes in the 3D supraspinatus volume (19.65 ± 7.26 to 19.48 ± 7.46 cm 3 , p = 0.911) or 3D FI (17.18% ± 8.85% to 17.30% ± 9.18%, p = 0.977) from preoperatively to the final 12-month time point, overall and in the tear size and repair integrity subgroups. The 3D supraspinatus volume was significantly decreased at 3 months (17.39 ± 6.12 cm 3 , p < 0.001) but then increased again by 12 months (p < 0.001), reaching a value similar to the preoperative level. The 3D FI had a small increase at 3 months (18.18% ± 9.65%, p = 0.097) but subsequently decreased slightly again (p = 0.211), such that there were no significant longitudinal changes. The differences in the 3D supraspinatus volume and FI between these time points showed high agreement among patients. The overall 3D supraspinatus volume and 3D FI showed no longitudinal change between the preoperative baseline and the 12-month follow-up after arthroscopic RC repair. Tear size and repair integrity had no impact on the longitudinal patterns of muscle volume and intramuscular FI changes. The 3D supraspinatus volume decreased during the first 3 months but recovered to baseline at 12 months postoperatively; 3D FI was relatively stable throughout the 12 months of follow-up after repair. Therapeutic Level II . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Comparative analysis of two arecoline-induced oral submucous fibrosis models.

The limited understanding of the molecular mechanism for oral submucosal fibrosis (OSF) poses challenges to the development of effective prevention and treatment strategies. The lack of suitable animal models is a major hindrance. Therefore, this study aimed to address this issue by comparing commonly used arecoline-induced water drinking and injection mouse models. The mice were subjected to two protocols: receiving 2 mg/mL arecoline in drinking water and 4 mg/mL arecoline saline solution injections every other day. Tissues were collected at regular 4-week intervals, with a final time point of 20 weeks. Stereo microscopy and histomorphological analysis were performed on live and harvested tissues, respectively. During arecoline treatment, collagen deposition and myofibroblast proliferation progressively increased in both models. Changes in the collagen I/III ratio indicated that both models exhibited characteristics of the early and intermediate stages of OSF after 20 weeks of arecoline induction. The water-drinking model also demonstrated multi-organ fibrosis involving the tongue, lungs, and small intestine. Both the water drinking and injection mouse models effectively induced OSF, but the water-drinking model better mirrored the observed pathogenesis in patients with OSF. These models provide valuable tools for investigating the mechanisms underlying OSF.

The Effect of Preoperative Education Given to Patients Who Will Have a Mastectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the education provided to patients who would undergo mastectomy on psychological well-being and quality of recovery. The study had a randomized controlled trial design. The study was completed with 62 patients (30 in the experimental group and 32 in the control group). The experimental group received education the day before the operation, and the applications were made 3 days after the operation. A questionnaire form, the psychological well-being scale, and the quality of recovery questionnaire-40 (QoR-40) were used to collect the study data. The mean total score of the final measurement of the psychological well-being scale was higher in the experimental group than in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant. The difference between the final measurement total score average of QoR-40 and the final measurement point average of the subdimensions of the patients in the experimental and control groups was measured. The difference was statistically significant and the mean score of the experimental group was higher. Education can increase the level of psychological well-being and quality of recovery in patients who undergo mastectomy. Physiological and psychological education can be used as a tool in nursing practice to improve the level of psychological well-being and quality of recovery in postoperative patients.

Dietary fatty acids and flight-training influence the expression of the eicosanoid hormone prostacyclin in songbirds

Diet shifts can alter tissue fatty acid composition in birds, which is subsequently related to metabolic patterns. Eicosanoids, short-lived fatty acid-derived hormones, have been proposed to mediate these relationships but neither baseline concentrations nor the responses to diet and exercise have been measured in songbirds. We quantified a stable derivative of the vasodilatory eicosanoid prostacyclin in the plasma of male European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris, N = 25) fed semisynthetic diets with either high (PUFA) or low (MUFA) amounts of n6 fatty acid precursors to prostacyclin. Plasma samples were taken from each bird before, immediately after, and two days following a 15-day flight-training regimen that a subset of birds (N = 17) underwent. We found elevated prostacyclin levels in flight-trained birds fed the PUFA diet compared to those fed the MUFA diet and a positive relationship between prostacyclin and body condition, indexed by fat score. Prostacyclin concentrations also significantly decreased at the final time point. These results are consistent with the proposed influences of precursor availability (i.e., dietary fatty acids) and regulatory feedback associated with exercise (i.e., fuel supply and inflammation), and suggest that prostacyclin may be an important mediator of dietary influence on songbird physiology.

Mapping Food Losses in International Supply Chains: A Case Study of India’s Marine and Meat Exports

Food losses in international supply chains (ISCs) have garnered attention in global policy discussions due to their profound implications for global food security, livelihoods, and sustainable development. This study utilizes insights from knowledge informant interviews related to India’s two most exported food products to China and Vietnam. It comprehensively overviews the entire journey of these exportable and imported food products, from the export packing stage to final tradable point(s) of delivery while examining the nature, causes, and stages of food losses in ISCs. The study findings highlight that reducing food losses in marine and meat products requires various strategies, such as incentivizing reefer container manufacturing, facilitating capacity building and targeted training programs, and fostering public–private partnerships for trade infrastructure development, establishment of cold supply chains, and harmonization of rules, regulations, and standards through mutual recognition arrangements. Additionally, greater collaboration and synergy among stakeholders in ISCs are deemed crucial.

Obstacle Avoidance Learning for Robot Motion Planning in Human–Robot Integration Environments

In the human-robot integration environment, it is essential for mobile robots to pass through the crowd and complete the navigation task smoothly. However, the current mainstream robot navigation algorithms only treat pedestrians as dynamic obstacles and passively avoid pedestrians in local planning. When encountering fast-moving pedestrians, local path planning often fails, causing the robot to stagnate, spin or shake in place, which in turn reduces the navigation efficiency and results in unnatural navigation trajectories. To address this problem, it is desirable for the robot to find a safe and convenient temporary target to avoid the collision with fast-moving pedestrians. In this paper, we propose an obstacle avoidance learning method with the temporary target for the robot motion planning in the human-robot integration environment. The temporary target distribution is learned from imitations by using a Conditional Variational Autoencoder (CVAE) framework, whereby the dynamic scenario information including pedestrian information, the environmental information, and the robot information are considered as the generation conditions. With the proposed method, the mobile robot first navigates to the temporary target area, and then plans the path toward the final target point. Experimental studies reveal that the proposed method can achieve satisfactory performance with respect to different scenario conditions.

Molecular MRI Identifies Sexually Dimorphic AD Pathology in 3x Tg‐AD Mice

AbstractBackgroundWomen exhibit higher prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with faster cognitive decline compared to men, but the mechanisms of this dimorphism remain understudied. Astrocyte function and morphology is distinct in some regions of male and female adult brains which may reflect different courses taken by the neurodegenerative process. Additionally, the p‐tau levels are higher in females than in males. The 3xTg AD mouse model, which manifests amyloid and tau pathology, has been reported to exhibit similar sexual dimorphism. In this work, we investigated whether molecular MRI using a targeted agent that detects hyperphosphorylative cells expressing cell‐surface vimentin predominantly on neurons and the disease associated astrocytes in early states of tau pathology can be used for in vivo imaging of sexual dimorphism in AD pathology.MethodLiposomal Withaferin nanoparticles (WNP) that contain Gd/DOTA for an MRI readout were injected in 3xTg AD mice, at 2‐,5‐,7‐ 9‐ and 12‐ months of age. Animals (n = 14/timepoint, 7 males and 7 females) underwent contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using T1 weighted sequences to visualize hyperphosphorylative cells expressing cell surface vimentin. Animals were euthanized after the final time point and brains were harvested for histology and immunofluorescence analysis. CE‐MR images were analyzed for signal enhancement.ResultIn this study, we report the sexually dimorphic nature of the cell surface vimentin expressed by the hyperphosphorylative cells in the brain using the 3xTg AD mice. Both sexes were imaged at 2‐,5‐,7‐ and 9‐ months of age to reveal significant differences in the expression of VIM in males and . Signal enhancement in post‐contrast MRI scans over the baseline scans showed significantly higher enhancement in the females compared with the males (p&lt;0.05) Simultaneously, we also investigate the plasma concentrations of total tau, ptau181, amyloid beta 40 and 42.ConclusionFemale mice expressed higher vimentin in comparison with males, thus reflecting changes in the neurodegenerative processes in the brains of females and males of this strain. Sexually dimorphic molecular changes were successfully visualized by molecular MRI.

Статические и динамические пространственные конструкции в удэгейском языке

The present paper describes Udihe verb predicates with the meaning of existence and location. Additionally, a number of verbs of motion and relocation are discussed. A classification of Udihe predicates is presented, taking into account the peculiarities of the syntactic government. Dynamic predicates can govern nouns in Accusative, Locative, Lative, Dative, as well as Ablative and Prolative cases. They may also govern denominal adverbs or postpositional phrases and even nouns in Instrumental case. Static predicates syntactically govern postpositional phrases or nouns in Locative, Lative, Dative, Accusative Spatial cases, as well as adverbs. Verbs of existence can govern nouns in Locative case or Comitative form. Verbs of storage or loss are used with the noun in Locative case. Verbs denoting the change of seasons coordinate with the noun in Nominative case or form a single-part sentence. Verbs of motion, embedding the seme of movement in the lexical meaning, can be used without a localizer in the Udihe language. This is due to the idea of the initial or final point of movement being obvious and embedded in the verb stem. The noun denoting the object of movement in constructions with such predicates is marked by the Accusative case. Some Udihe verbs can express a specific situation, denoting the degree of penetration of the object being moved into water or land.

Стан обмінних процесів та відтворна здатність самців кролів за умов теплового стресу

The aim of the work was to study the metabolic processes and reproductive capacity in male rabbits under conditions of heat stress and the action of a complex nanosomal preparation. We have studied the reproductive function in male rabbits under the effects of heat stress and the elimination of its negative effect by feeding a nanosomal drug. We have investigated the changes in biochemical parameters of blood and quality parameters of sperm of male rabbits under the studied factors. It was established that under conditions of heat stress, the pulse rate of rabbits increases by 24.9% (P&lt;0.001), and after the introduction of the nanosomal preparation, it decreases by 10.7% (P&lt;0.05). Heat stress caused changes in the biochemical parameters of the blood of male rabbits, which indicate a stressful state of the body: an increase in the level of glucose by 31.8% (P&lt;0.01), against the background of a decrease in the main metabolic parameters: total protein by 12.5% (P&lt;0.05), cholesterol by 31.4% (P&lt;0.001), testosterone by 41.7% (P&lt;0.001). Feeding the complex nanosomal preparation reduced the signs of body stress and intensified metabolic processes. Under the effects of heat stress, sperm quality indicators of male rabbits decreased: the concentration of sperm by 27.1%, the total number of sperm in the ejaculate by 25.3%, the number of sperm with rectilinear-progressive movement (PMOT) by 6% and the number of degenerated sperm increased by 35.4% (P&lt;0.01). The kinematic parameters of sperm also decreased: the average speed of sperm head advancement along the average trajectory of movement (VAP) by 10.3%; the speed of rectilinear movement of the sperm head along the straight segment between the initial and final points of the trajectory (VSL) by 7.9%; the curvilinear velocity of the sperm head (VCL) by 6.7%. Feeding the complex nanosomal preparation led to an increase in the number of spermatozoa with rectilinear-progressive movement (PMOT) and an increase in the main kinetic indicators (VAP, VSL and VCL) of rabbit spermatozoa under the conditions of heat stress.

The interplay between self-regulated learning behavioral factors and students’ performance in English language learning through Moodle

The increasing popularity of online learning environments, such as Moodle LMS, has led to a growing interest in identifying factors contributing to student success in language learning. Self-regulated learning behaviors, such as goal setting, planning, and self-monitoring, have been identified as key predictors of academic achievement. However, limited research on how these behaviors relate to success in online language learning environments is limited. This study aimed to identify self-regulation learning factors and assess behaviors in English language teaching through Moodle LMS by analyzing trace data. The study analyzed trace data from 1523 English language learners in a Moodle course and identified several behavioral factors. The final course point in English language learning is significantly predicted, including the number of completed quizzes, middle course points, engagement with course materials, time spent on tasks, completion score quizzes, access time in total, and pacing. The study found that completing quizzes was the strongest predictor of the final course point, followed by time spent on task, access time in total, and middle course point. The findings suggest that educators can use the identified behavioral factors to promote self-regulated learning online and develop interventions to support students struggling with self-regulated learning. The studies include using trace data to analyze behavioral patterns and focusing on self-regulated learning factors in online language learning. The study provides important insights into self-regulated learning factors and behaviors in English language learning through Moodle LMS, which can inform the development of effective interventions to support students in online language learning environments.