Final Comments Research Articles

Teacher’s Feedback on EFL Students’ Writing Errors: Diagnosis and Treatment

Teacher feedback on EFL students’ writing is essential in the teaching and learning process. While a large body of research has focused on treatment of errors and content feedback in general, little has been done about the types of mistakes that students can overcome by themselves and how comments on contents should be worded. There are two major causes of errors: first language interference and developmental factors. The former type is harder for learners to overcome and the latter category can be gradually improved by their own efforts. This paper serves dual purposes: diagnosis and treatment. First, it examines types of errors that could be fixed by students with teacher’s assistance. Second, it looks into how content feedback should be worded. It specifically analyzes marginal and final comments broken into five categories to see how these types of content feedback help students improve their rewrites. It was found that errors with subject-verb agreement and with nouns used for generic references belong to developmental errors and, thus they do not need teacher’s intervention; teacher’s comments with directions/suggestions and questions for clarification are the most effective for students to improve their rewrites.

Looking Back at the Early Stages of Redox Biology.

The beginnings of redox biology are recalled with special emphasis on formation, metabolism and function of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in mammalian systems. The review covers the early history of heme peroxidases and the metabolism of hydrogen peroxide, the discovery of selenium as integral part of glutathione peroxidases, which expanded the scope of the field to other hydroperoxides including lipid hydroperoxides, the discovery of superoxide dismutases and superoxide radicals in biological systems and their role in host defense, tissue damage, metabolic regulation and signaling, the identification of the endothelial-derived relaxing factor as the nitrogen monoxide radical (more commonly named nitric oxide) and its physiological and pathological implications. The article highlights the perception of hydrogen peroxide and other hydroperoxides as signaling molecules, which marks the beginning of the flourishing fields of redox regulation and redox signaling. Final comments describe the development of the redox language. In the 18th and 19th century, it was highly individualized and hard to translate into modern terminology. In the 20th century, the redox language co-developed with the chemical terminology and became clearer. More recently, the introduction and inflationary use of poorly defined terms has unfortunately impaired the understanding of redox events in biological systems.

The New Edith Wharton Studies

The New Edith Wharton Studies

INVESTIGANDO O ENSINO DE TRIGONOMETRIA ATRAVÉS DA INTERDISCIPLINARIDADE COM UM SIMULADOR DA PLATAFORMA PhET

O conteúdo de trigonometria tem diversas aplicações dentro da Matemática e em outras áreas, como a Física, de forma que o seu conhecimento irá auxiliar na compreensão de diversos fenômenos. Nesse sentido, pode-se pensar em apresentar este conteúdo de forma interdisciplinar, através de tecnologias de ensino para verificar a contribuição para o ensino e aprendizagem. Dessa forma, este trabalho apresenta a aplicação de uma Sequência de Ensino Investigativa na exposição da trigonometria e suas aplicações, buscando a interdisciplinaridade através do simulador Lançamento de projéteis da plataforma PhET. A investigação mostrou que houve uma interação e motivação por meio dos estudantes com relação ao conteúdo e a forma que foi aplicado, mostrando uma estreita relação entre a trigonometria e o lançamento de projéteis. Os comentários finais apontaram que o público aprovou a utilização da plataforma PhET numa perspectiva interdisciplinar e que o conteúdo de trigonometria quando ensinado de forma aplicada em outro conteúdo possibilita uma melhor aprendizagem.

Gold-Nanoparticle-Decorated Metal-Organic Frameworks for Anticancer Therapy.

Confinement of Au nanoparticles (NPs) within the porous materials with few nanometers (2-3 nm) has been a well established research area in the past decades in heterogeneous catalysis mainly due to the unique behaviour of Au NPs than its bulk counterpart. In this aspect, Au NPs encapsulated within the pore volumes of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been intensively explored as heterogeneous solid catalysts for wide range of reactions. In recent years, Au NPs confined within the porous MOFs along with the photosensitizer or drug have been effectively used for the treatment of tumor cells through the generation of reactive oxygen species via cascade reactions. This work highlights the benefits of MOFs pores in the preparation of nanomedicine with high efficiency by assembling Au NPs, photosensitizer/drug with the combination of laser either for imaging or treatment of tumor cells. Further, the existing literature is grouped based on the nature of porous materials employed in the preparation of nanomedicine. The final section comments on our view on future developments in the field.

Luminescent Supramolecular Nano- or Microstructures Formed in Aqueous Media by Amphiphile-Noble Metal Complexes

The involvement of metal ions within the self-assembly spontaneously occurring in surfactant-based systems gives additional and interesting features. The electronic states of the metal, together with the bonds that can be established with the organic amphiphilic counterpart, are the factors triggering new photophysical properties. Moreover, the availability of stimuli-responsive supramolecular amphiphile assemblies, able to disassemble in a back-process, provides reversible switching particularly useful in novel approaches and applications giving rise to truly smart materials. In particular, small amphiphiles with an inner distribution, within their molecular architecture, of various polar and apolar functional groups, can give a wide variety of interactions and therefore enriched self-assemblies. If it is joined with the opportune presence and localization of noble metals, whose chemical and photophysical properties are undiscussed, then very interesting materials can be obtained. In this minireview, the basic concepts on self-assembly of small amphiphilic molecules with noble metals are shown with particular reference to the photophysical properties aiming at furnishing to the reader a panoramic view of these exciting problematics. In this respect, the following will be shown: (i) the principles of self-assembly of amphiphiles that involve noble metals, (ii) examples of amphiphiles and amphiphile-noble metal systems as representatives of systems with enhanced photophysical properties, and (iii) final comments and perspectives with some examples of modern applications.

Maxillary mucocele – unusual localization

Mucoceles of the paranasal sinuses are benign expansive cystic lesions, originated from the obstruction of the nasal drainage, have mucous or mucopurulent secretions and are covered by respiratory epithelium. Its development is insidious, generally unilateral and has a higher incidence between the third and fourth decades of life, with no gender predilection. Objective: To present a rare case of mucocele in the maxillary sinus, addressing the methods used in diagnosis and treatment. Final comments: The clinical evaluation associated with imaging tests suggest the diagnosis of mucoceles and the definitive treatment must be surgical.

Prosecuting Attorneys in a Democracy – A California Perspective

A prosecuting attorney in a democracy is very important in the processing of criminal cases- from pre-filing to final appeal. Much of the involvement of the District Attorney, both before a criminal case is filed, and during the prosecution of the case, stems from the “Exclusionary Rule”. It is the usual case that the police will bring their investigation, their arrest warrant or search warrant affidavit to a District Attorney to review it prior to taking it to the judge. In this connection, District Attorneys will themselves reject 5-10% of the warrant requests submitted to them for approval, often asking law enforcement to do some further investigation before resubmitting the warrant. Furthermore, because of the Doctrine of Separation of Powers, only the District Attorney or the California State Attorney General can make the decision to file or not file a case. This Article illustrates the impact of such discretion. The problem of democracy is strictly connected to the process of DA’s selection, what has also been here presented. Another fundamental issue is a role of DA in voir dire, mainly because jury trials are guaranteed by the federal Constitution and are associated with the idea of democracy. Separation of Powers and Judicial Control of the DA, the police, and the sentencing of those convicted of crimes have been analyzed from the perspective of the California law. Additionally, the article includes final comments on the technological progress and its impact on criminal law and democracy. All the conclusions have been made in reference to Author’s experience as Assistant DA in California.

Analysis of the final comments provided by a knowledgeable other in lesson study

Lesson study has been implemented in schools around the world as a method of professional development for teachers. Lesson study consists of five steps, among which the “Research Lesson” and “Post-lesson Discussion” are central. During the Post-lesson Discussion, after the teacher has commented on the lesson, all of the observers discuss the lesson, and the “knowledgeable other” (koshi), a specially invited expert, provides final comments. The quality of these final comments is critical to the learning of the lesson-study participants, and, consequently, the koshi plays an extremely important role. However, few studies have examined the nature and structure of the final comments that koshis provide. This study analyzed the final comments made in three elementary-school research lessons in Japan by a highly distinguished university mathematics educator with considerable teaching experience and an outstanding reputation as a koshi. We found that his final comments clustered into seven categories, which we named: (1) considering the didactical value of mathematical content; (2) use of representations; (3) fostering positive attitudes to learning; (4) incorporating students’ ideas into whole-class discussions; (5) giving attention to what students write down; (6) giving attention to the content of the board-work; and (7) teacher growth through reflection. These categories provide insight into the nature of final comments that are regarded as being particularly useful and may form the basis for less-experienced koshis to structure their final comments in lesson study.

The Epilepsy Risk Awareness (ERA) Scale: A New Era for Holistic Risk Assessment in Epilepsy.

Objective: Best care in epilepsy balances protecting people with epilepsy from risks and avoiding undue restrictions in order to improve quality of life. To date, no single risk assessment tool has been widely adopted by both people with epilepsy and health-care professionals such as specialist epilepsy nurses. The present research refined the Epilepsy Risk Awareness (ERA) Scale, a validated and holistic risk assessment tool, by assessing test–retest reliability of each question and incorporating suggestions from patients regarding design and content.Methods: The draft clinical scale was administered to 102 adult participants from the Epilepsy Service at the Royal Free London National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust on two occasions. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted—intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) estimates were used to assess test–retest reliability of questions, and thematic analysis was used to analyze participants' comments and feedback. Following analysis, the ERA Scale was amended. Of the 102 participants, 32 conducted a further review of the revised ERA Scale to test completion time and provide final comments.Results: ICC reliability level estimates varied from “poor to moderate” to “good to excellent,” and four qualitative themes were identified. The ERA Scale was amended accordingly to enhance practicality and usefulness, reducing completion time to approximately 5 min.Significance: The ERA Scale is a validated tool that aims to change clinical practice by standardizing risk assessment in epilepsy, providing a holistic approach that focuses on improved safety and quality of life.

A invisibilidade da imigração galega e a produção de uma identidade social hibrida nas novas terras (São Paulo, 1880-1910)

The article explores the characteristics of Galician emigration to Brazil between the late 19th and early 20th centuries, focusing on the São Paulo region. It is organized into two complementary parts. In the first one, it deals with the historiography on the subject, inquiring statistics and trying to examine the profile of the Galician migrant who seeks the ocean crossing. In the same section, it discusses what we consider the double invisibility of Galician immigration, mixed with the Portuguese from the northern Portugal or with the generality of Spanish immigration in the official records of entry into the country. In the second section, the Centro Español de Santos and the school created by it are the subject of analysis in order to understand how the Galician immigrants produced a hybrid social identity from an associative practice. In the Final Comments, some questions are asked about the denomination of the entity.

The political constitution of labour from Donovan to Blair

AbstractThis article looks at changing patterns of labour regulation over the last 50 years ago. We begin with the contribution of the ‘Oxford School’ within industrial relations analysis and its influence on the Donovan Royal Commission. We then discuss the architecture of the British corporate state and the approach of successive Conservative administrations between 1979 and 1997. Next, we consider labour market analysis and interventions under New Labour alongside emerging European influences and rights‐based models of justice. We conclude with some final comments regarding contemporary labour market thinking.

Effect of fire retardancy materials in fibre reinforced composite plate for false ceilings- A Review

The use of fillers in composite material development and manufacturing has been in commercial use for decades. These fillers induce and/or enhance desirable characteristics in the composite matrix. Flammability is a major deterrent contributing to the reduced scope of utility of completely biodegradable composites. The ability of any material to act as a flame retardant is influenced not only by explicit factors such as the material’s melting temperature and thermal degradation factor, but also by various implicit factors such as the multiple transformations taking place in the material and the compounds that are generated due to the material’s exposure to elevated temperatures. The paper studies and compares the mechanism of fire retardancy of four popular fillers and aims to determine their effectiveness in introducing fire retardancy in biodegradable false ceiling materials. The results show that the properties of fire retardancy can be measured in terms of heat release rates, limiting oxygen indexes and thermogravimetric analyses. Final comments are on the testing standards used to check fire retardancy

To The Question Of The Stay Of Prince Mikhail Olelkovich In Novgorod

The article is devoted to the study of the stay of Prince Mikhail Olelkovich in Novgorod in 1470-1471 or rather, the degree of influence that he exerted on subsequent Moscow-Novgorod and Novgorod-Lithuanian relations. This problem was highlighted by Russian historians, however, their research looks like lengthy summary chronicles with intermediate and final comments. The authors of the article believe that such an opinion is based on an uncritical assessment of sources – Russian chronicles. We distinguish four versions of narrative sources with the mention of Mikhail Olelkovich: Novgorod, Pskov, Moscow and Sofia. Particular attention is paid to discrepancies in information in the sources, since it is precisely the discrepancies that help to see the specifics of perception of the events of interest to us by the authors of the sources. The Novgorod annals briefly mention the arrival of Prince Mikhail Olelkovich in Novgorod, without giving an assessment of his actions. The Pskov chroniclers gave detailed chronological guidelines for the prince’s stay in Novgorod and attempted to denigrate him. Official Moscow chroniclers believed that Mikhail Olelkovich was a protege of the Lithuanian prince Casimir in Novgorod.In addition, the dating of events given by Moscow chroniclers does not coincide with the dates of the Pskovites. The literary monument “Slovesa Isbrannija...” as part of the Sofia First and related annals basically repeats the Moscow version of the presentation of events, with the exception of two plots. Sources do not allow clarifying the real role of Mikhail Olelkovich in the events of the 1470s, but the fact that his presence influenced the military campaign of Ivan III to Novgorod in the summer of 1471 is obvious.

La interrelación de diferentes disciplinas para el abordaje científico de fenómenos y problemas sociales

Se presenta una propuesta para la interrelación de distintos enfoques disciplinarios con el fin de abordar fenómenos y problemas sociales. Se específica la manera en cómo algunos elementos de diversas disciplinas entran en contacto con los fenómenos y problemas sociales; seguido de ello, se señalan los supuestos que dan sentido a dicha propuesta; y, finalmente, se indica cuál es el papel que pueden desempeñar las disciplinas y cómo se articulan éstas entre sí para dar cobertura a dichos fenómenos y problemas. En los comentarios finales se apuntan algunas líneas de investigación de interrelación disciplinaria que se pueden desarrollar a partir de la presente propuesta.

Lost in Transition: The Dissemination of Digitization and the Challenges of Leading in the Military Educational Organization.

Leading change in adult educational organizations is not frequently described in the leadership literature. The education sector in the Norwegian Armed Forces (NAF) is in the middle of an educational reform that requires major changes. More students, fewer teachers and new organization of the studies as well as requirements for an increasingly updated technological expertise may mean that it will be necessary to increase the use of digital teaching aids. However, this is not systematically communicated as part of the reform in the same way as new topics of study. From a teacher’s perspective, the most important thing is to safeguard the quality of the education and ensure that important topics do not disappear in a reform. Therefore, one can well imagine that the focus on the purpose of change and the need for active participation is overlooked or not prioritized. Our focus in the process was largely the study content and some concern about the increase in the number of cadets. After completing the first courses in the new education, we were therefore quite surprised that the cadets were asked in the course evaluation whether digital aids had been used in the teaching, As a result, we were inspired to look more closely at what requirements were set and whether more exact plans had been prepared for the introduction of digitization of education as part of the reform process. Since the education reform in the NAF results in such a fundamental change, our perspectives may possibly benefit staffs at other colleges who are going to carry out major change processes. The main goal of this study was to investigate if or how the Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research’s intention of digitization and its specific primary goals of learning and teaching trickle down through the hierarchies and into the study programs at the Norwegian Military Academy (NMA). To see if the Ministry’s intentions were actually understood and realized, as our second aim we investigated whether we found the concepts of digitization or digital tools mentioned in any of the Norwegian Defence University College’s (NDUC) study programs and subject plans for teaching. These intentions cannot be implemented unless they are enshrined in the study programs. As a third aim we also tried to find out whether digitization and digital tools actually had been used in the teaching in the new NAF Basic Officer Education, as this would reflect how the Ministry’s intention of digitization and specific primary goals of learning and teaching had been realized. We used a mixed methods approach in the study as we first investigated documents compiled from the government issued for the university and college sector in Norway, the NAF and the NDUC to see if the overall plan for digitization from the Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research could be traced. In addition, we investigated the answers that officer cadets had given to questions in three course evaluations related to the use of digital tools in their education. Our three hypotheses were the following: Hypothesis 1: Several of the requirements for digitization have disappeared in the dissemination of the documents from the Ministry to the NAF Basic Officer Education. Hypothesis 2: No plan has been prepared as part of the educational change process for the introduction and implementation of new digital tools in the NAF Basic Officer Education. Hypothesis 3: It is up to the individuals to introduce and implement the use of new digital tools in the NAF Basic Officer Education. We found support for the two first out of our three hypotheses. The latter proved difficult to investigate with the means available, but we will nevertheless discuss some assumptions we have formed, based on the findings that the survey revealed. Hypothesis 3 only received partial support. Finally, the article discusses some leadership challenges that arise from the results we found. The study thus shows how long it can take from the Ministry issues its intention until it is actually implemented in practice at the NDUC. The final comments may also give an indication of how this process may be better focused and thus become likely to increase the implementation rate of digitization.

Capacitação em serviço de nutrição e dietética: implantação do protocolo de identificação correta do paciente no fornecimento de dietas hospitalares

Objetivo: Descrever a capacitação de colaboradores de um Serviço de Nutrição e Dietética sobre segurança do paciente e identificação correta do paciente no fornecimento de dietas hospitalares. Relato de Experiência: Estudo descritivo tipo relato de experiência, elaborado a partir da capacitação realizada com os colaboradores do Serviço de Nutrição e Dietética de um hospital público em Belém-PA. A atividade incluiu exposição de vídeo, palestra expositiva, apresentação e avaliação de material educativo. Participaram 22 colaboradores que atuam como cozinheiros, copeiros, despenseiros e serviços gerais, os quais demonstraram surpresa com os eventos adversos que poderiam ser evitados pela adoção de protocolos enfocando a segurança do paciente e perceberam que os colaboradores do Serviço de Nutrição e Dietética atuam na assistência ao paciente e devem adotar as orientações para a melhoria do cuidado. Alguns desconheciam que a identificação correta do paciente pode minimizar riscos relacionados à assistência em saúde. Os colaboradores avaliaram o conteúdo da cartilha como adequado e consideraram a capacitação importante. Considerações Finais: A capacitação é uma ferramenta para a implantação de um novo processo de trabalho, sendo relevante envolver e valorizar a atuação dos profissionais no serviço para que atuem proporcionando segurança ao paciente e a qualidade do cuidado.

Para além da interpretação: repensando os enquadres e a escuta na psicanálise com crianças

A problemática que envolve a homogeneidade da clínica psicanalítica tem ganhado cada vez mais espaço nas pesquisas contemporâneas. Conduzir o setting de maneira rígida e ortodoxa pode ser um risco de alienação para o analista e também para o paciente. Apresentarei, aqui, um caso clínico de um tratamento infantil guiado por meio dos conceitos de técnica elástica de Sándor Ferenczi e da importância do brincar de Winnicott. Os comentários finais direcionarão o leitor para uma possível reflexão a respeito dos manejos e enquadres, propondo um convite para repensar a clínica contemporânea.

The class of cub models: statistical foundations, inferential issues and empirical evidence

This paper discusses a general framework for the analysis of rating and preference data that is rooted on a class of mixtures of discrete random variables. These models have been extensively studied and applied in the last 15 years thanks to a flexible and parsimonious parametrization of data generating process and to prompt interpretation of results. The approach considers the final response as the combination of feeling and uncertainty, by allowing for finer model specifications to include refuge options, response styles and possible overdispersion, also in relation to subjects’ and objects’ covariates. The article establishes the state of art of the research inherent to this paradigm, in terms of methodology, inferential procedures and fitting measures, by emphasizing capabilities and limitations yet establishing new findings. In particular, explicative power and predictive performances of cub statistical models for ordinal data are examined and new topics that could boost and support the modelling of uncertainty in this framework are provided. Possible developments are outlined throughout the whole presentation and final comments conclude the paper.

Cultura e história da educação: diálogos com Michel de Certeau e E. P. Thompson

O artigo se propõe a explorar relações entre cultura e educação do ponto de vista histórico, recorrendo ao aporte de dois autores: Michel de Certeau e Edward Palmer Thompson. Apesar de em ambos a discussão sobre educação não figurar como tema central de pesquisa, a questão emerge em alguns de seus escritos. Por outro lado, cada vez mais estes autores têm se destacado como referência fundamental aos estudos sobre a escola e a educação por parte de historiadores da educação que abraçam a perspectiva da cultura como constitutiva da experiência dos sujeitos e das práticas sociais. Para discorrer sobre a questão, este artigo foi organizado em quatro partes. Na primeira, nos detemos nas razões que levaram De Certeau e Thompson a se interrogarem sobre a cultura nos anos 1960. Na segunda parte, abordamos o conceito de cultura para Michel de Certeau. Na terceira, o mesmo movimento é realizado para E. P. Thompson. Nos dois casos, a reflexão se entrelaça a vertentes da pesquisa em educação, evidenciando a proficuidade do uso da categoria para as análises históricas. Por fim, a título de comentários finais, traçamos aproximações e distanciamentos entre a concepção de cultura enunciada pelos dois autores, com o objetivo de subsidiar os estudos no campo.