Final Answer Research Articles

ANALYSIS OF STUDENT ERRORS IN SOLVING THE SYSTEM OF THREE VARIABLE LINEAR EQUATIONS (SPLTV) BASED ON THE NEWMAN STAGES IN CLASS X STUDENTS AT UPT SMA NEGERI 1 PAREPARE

This study aims to describe the location of errors and the causes of student errors in solving the problems of the Three Variable Linear Equation System in Contextual Problems (daily life) using the Determinant Matrix Method. This material was chosen because students often make many mistakes when solving problems. This type of research is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The subjects of this study were six students who were taken from the results of consultations with the Mathematics teacher of UPT SMA Negeri 1 Parepare. The data collection technique is a written test with three questions. . Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that students' errors in solving the problems of the Three-variable Linear Equation System in Contextual Problems (Daily Life) used the Determinant Matrix Method, namely First, the Reading Error was 13%. This is caused because students are less thorough and in a hurry to dig up the information, so the mistakes made by these students are fatal. Second, Comprehension Error is as much as 16%. This is caused because students do not write down information about what is known and asked and the information written is not appropriate. Third, a Transformation Error of 23% is caused because students cannot identify the right operation to solve the given problem. Students write the wrong sign in the arithmetic operation of the problem. Fourth, Process Kill is 19%, this is caused because students cannot carry out the calculation operation process correctly. And Fifth, Encoding Error of as much as 29% is caused because students are wrong in writing the final answer and do not write conclusions from the questions given.

Temporal knowledge graph question answering via subgraph reasoning

Knowledge graph question answering (KGQA) has recently received a lot of attention and many innovative methods have been proposed in this area, but few have been developed for temporal KGQA. Most of the existing temporal KGQA methods focus on semantic or temporal level matching and lack the ability to reason about time constraints. In this paper we propose a subgraph-based model for answering complex questions over temporal knowledge graphs (TKG), inspired by human cognition. Our method, called SubGraph Temporal Reasoning (SubGTR), consists of three main modules: implicit knowledge extraction, relevant facts search, and subgraph logic reasoning. First, the question is reformulated using background knowledge stored in the temporal knowledge graph to acquire explicit time constraints. Then, the TKG is being searched to identify relevant entities and obtain an initial scoring of them. Finally the time constraints are quantified and applied using temporal logic to reach to the final answer. To evaluate our model we experiment against temporal QA benchmarks. We observe that existing benchmarks contain many pseudo-temporal questions, and we propose Complex-CronQuestions, which a filtered version of CronQuestions and which can better demonstrate the model’s inference ability for complex temporal questions. Experimental results show that SubGTR achieves state-of-the-art performance on both CronQuestions and Complex-CronQuestions. Moreover, our model shows better performance in handling the entity cold-start problem compared to existing temporal KGQA methods.

Is this the final answer for the aortopathy with bicuspid aortic valve.

There have been changes in the guidelines for surgical indications for aortopathy associated with bicuspid aortic valves over the last 10 years. Although the results of the last 3 years adhering to the latest guidelines have been shown to be good, careful follow-up and accumulation of new research findings are still required.

Geological and Technological Parameters and Development of Deposits in Carbonate Reservoirs to Solve Exploration Tasks

More than 30 geological and technological parameters to affect the predicted production of reserves in carbonate reservoirs were studied to solve exploration tasks. A physical interpretation of the findings is given. The paper concludes that there is a need for complex geological and statistical modeling. The analysis does not give the parameters that most largely determine oil recovery due to their cross-correlation dependence. The final answer can be provided by a comprehensive oil recovery model involving all parameters and an analysis of cause-and-effect relationships.

Is there a link between physical activity and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis?


 The Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a chronic and progressive neuro-degenerative pathology that starts in adult age and usually leads patients to death for respiratory distress after 3 years from the onset of symptoms 
 In some studies, vigorous and continuous physical activity due to heavy working activity and sport is associated with ALS. On the other hand other studies are against this association. A study carried out in Europe found overall physical activity is associated with reduced odds of having ALS (OR=0.65, 95% CI=0.48-0.89), and the same protective factor is seen for work-related physical activity (OR=0.56, 95% CI=0.36-0.87) and organized sports (OR=0.49, 95% CI=0.32-0.75.
 A recent literature review found that football/soccer may be considered as a possible risk factor for ALS (level C) and there is a strong need for further research that must take into account the numerous confounding factors that could be present in this field. However only well conducted observational studies, such as cohort and case-control studies, carried out with the same design in different countries could give a final answer to this suspected but still unconfirmed association

Feminist by Design and Designed by Diverse Feminists: Reflections on a Community Network Project in Brazil

The field of feminist infrastructures has shown that technologies are not neutral and, in fact, embody patriarchal and colonial assumptions. The emerging literature and practices of this field show that feminist infrastructures are not limited to the status-quo—there will always be escapes and hacks. By carrying out a two-year action-research project on community networks and feminist infrastructure in a traditionally black Brazilian community (the quilombos), we realised that social interactions with autonomous infrastructure and networks are intersected by discussions, conflicts and negotiations. Similarly, so is the process of researching.<br/> What are the challenges when translating feminist intentions to building infrastructure and digital networks while doing participatory research? This article explores what feminist by design means in our experience. Our main sources of information are the field notes and partial reports from our action-research project, the literature reviewed in this process, and semi-structured interviews conducted with community members. Rather than arriving at final answers, we intend to reflect on what we learned from our project. We hope to open our own experience to others and promote knowledge exchange around feminist practices, ethics, technologies and research.

PANDANGAN HAKIM MERANGKAP PEMBUKTIAN DAN PUTUSAN PENGADILAN DALAM SATU WAKTU SIDANG (Studi di Pengadilan Agama Mojokerto)

The main purpose of the study is comprehensively understanding the panel of judges in executing the case investigation process by joining two stages between evidence and court decisions and the views of other judges related to the case. The informants of this research are the judges of the Mojokerto Religious Court. This type of research is empirical research with descriptive data acquisition, while the approach used is qualitative approach. Most of the data are primary data which are obtained/collected from the informants, the judges of Mojokerto Religious Court directly. The analysing the result of the study using descriptive qualitative analysis method. Based on the result of the study, the majority of Religious Court judges of Mojokerto allows the process of case investigation using the merger of two phases, because this merger is not incompatible to the law of procedural law. Therefore, there is no sanction for the judges who apply the process of two phases merging. Moreover, another consideration is to be more efficient both the time and the cost during the process in the court. This opinion is also based on the principle of simplicity, rapidity and low cost. However, one of the judges argued that although the process of merging these two phases does not break the law but the merger should not be done on the grounds that the judge who hadles the case may more understand the subject matter and possible to give the final answer in the form of fair verdict.

Finding a New Illinois History: Connecting with the Revival of Midwestern Regional History

Finding a New Illinois History: Connecting with the Revival of Midwestern Regional History

Analisis Kesalahan dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Cerita Aritmatika Sosial Ditinjau dari Kemampuan Awal Siswa

This study aims to determine the description of errors, types of errors, and the causes of errors made by students in solving social arithmetic story problems in terms of students’ initial abilities. The type of research used is dercriptive research. A total of 28 students of class VII became subjects in this study. Data was collected using written tests and interviews. The collected data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The results showed that the percentage of errors from the largest to the smallest in a row is a problem with the concept of profit, purchase price, net weight, interest, discounts and taxes. The types of errors from the largest to the smallest percentages are errors in understanding the problem, errors in completing mathematical models, errors in making mathematical models, and errors in writing the final answer to the questions. The causes of students errors are not understanding the meaning of the question, not mastering the concepts related to the problem, not mastering the steps in solving the problem, lacking mastery in the calculation process, unable to determine the next formula to solve the problem, making mistakes in the previous process, unable to write final answer, forgetting factor, and lack of practice working on the questions.

The Principle of Maximum Entropy and the Distribution of Mass in Galaxies

We do not have a final answer to the question of why galaxies choose a particular internal mass distribution. Here we examine whether the distribution is set by thermodynamic equilibrium (TE). Traditionally, TE is discarded for a number of reasons including the inefficiency of two-body collisions to thermalize the mass distribution in a Hubble time, and the fact that the mass distribution maximizing the classical Boltzmann–Gibbs entropy is unphysical. These arguments are questionable. In particular, when the Tsallis entropy that describes self-gravitating systems is used to define TE, the mass distributions that result (i.e., the polytropes) are physically sensible. This work spells out this and other arguments for TE and presents the polytropes and their properties. It puts forward empirical evidence for the mass distribution observed in galaxies to be consistent with polytropes. It compares polytropes with Sérsic functions and it shows how the DM halos resulting from cosmological numerical simulations become polytropes when efficient collisions are allowed. It also discusses pathways to thermalization bypassing two-body collisions. It finally outlines future developments including deciphering whether or not DM particles collide efficiently.

ANALISIS KESALAHAN SISWA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL PERSAMAAN GARIS LURUS BERDASARKAN TAHAPAN NEWMAN

The purpose of this research was to determine the types of errors and the causes of students in solving math story problems with straight-line equations based on Newman's analysis. This study used the descriptive qualitative method. The students who were the subjects of the research were three students of class VIII-B of SMP Negeri 1 Atap Obor which were taken from a total of 19 students. The instrument used was a written test question with a total of five description questions while the interview technique was carried out with selected students to ascertain the types of errors made in solving story questions. Data analysis includes data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. The results showed that three subjects were randomly selected based on the type of error Newman's analysis as follows: the first subject (S1) represented students in making mistakes in four stages, including the reading stage (T1), the problem understanding stage (T2), process skills (T4), and the final answer writing stage (T5). The mistakes made by the second subject (S2) who represent students in making mistakes in three stages, including the stage of understanding the problem (T2), the stage of process skills (T4), and the stage of writing the final answer (T5). The mistakes made by the third subject (S3) who represent students in making mistakes in the three stages, including the reading problem stage (T1), the process skills stage (T4), & the final answer writing stage (T5).

Investigating Preservice Teachers’ Interpretations and Discussion of Real-Life Examples: Focusing on the Use of Percent

The objective of this study is to examine the characteristics of PSTs’ selection of real-life examples for discussion, the aspects they attended to during the discussion, and their reflection on facilitating the discussion. A total of 46 elementary PSTs in the US joined in the study. We gathered data from a three-phase task using an online course management platform and restricted the real-life contexts using percent. The collected data were analyzed using enumerative and ethnographic content analysis. The findings revealed that while we detected some shifting features in PSTs’ selection of real-life contexts compared to prior studies, we found their static preference of contexts around consumer practices over others (e.g., contexts related to science and critical literacy). The findings also revealed that PSTs tended to pay attention to the contexts with critical views when the context was not straightforward and direct computations were not readily feasible to get the final answer. Moreover, the vague contexts helped encourage PSTs to view the situations critically, but they had difficulties having meaningful mathematical discussions in such contexts. We provided suggestions and implications for future research based on these findings.

Analysis of Students’ Errors in Solving Concept Understanding Problems On Integral Matter

The ability to understand students' concepts is very important to be applied to learning mathematic. When students cannot understand the concept well, students will not be able to solve the problem correctly. This is the reason the researcher conducted this research. The purpose of this research is to describe student errors in solving problems of understanding the concept of integral material. The subjects in this study were class XII students of SMK N 4 Batam. The data collection technique used a test to see student errors in answering questions of understanding the concept. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive type of research. The results obtained in this study are the indicators of reading errors about getting a percentage of 62,5%, then the percentage of errors in understanding the problem gets a value of 50%, the percentage of transformation errors gets a value of 75%, then on the percentage of process skills errors it gets a value of 62,5%, and the percentage of errors in writing the final answer also gets the same result as the percentage process skill error that is equal to 62,5%. This is because most students do not understand the integral concept so they do not understand in determining the formula and applying it.

ANALISIS KESALAHAN SISWA DENGAN METODE NEWMAN DALAM MATERI SISTEM PERSAMAAN LINEAR TIGA VARIABEL

This study aimed to analyze student errors in solving a three-variable system of linear equations using Newman’s method. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research. The subject of this study was taken by purposive sampling technique and obtained five students who became the subject. The data collection techniques include test questions, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques of this study include data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The results of this study can be concluded that the errors experienced by the five research subjects, namely: (1) In reading errors, comprehension errors, and transformation errors, students did not work on the questions given and did not understand the questions in the questions. (2) In the process skill error, students make errors in calculations, do not continue and do not know the steps in solving problems. (3) In enconding errors, the student does not show the final answer as asked in the question.

Analisis Kesalahan Siswa dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Pemahaman Konsep Pada Materi Integral

The ability to understand students' concepts is very important to be applied to learning mathematics. When students cannot understand the concept well, students cannot solve the problem correctly. This is the reason the researcher conducted this research. The purpose of this research is to describe the percentage of students' errors in solving the problem of understanding the concept of integral matter. The subjects in this study were class XII students, totaling 8 students. Data collection techniques used were observation and tests to see student errors in answering questions of understanding the concept. This study uses a quantitative approach with a descriptive type of research. The data analysis technique used the percentage of students' ability assessment in solving problems. The results obtained in this study are the indicator of error reading about the questions gets a percentage of 62.5%, then the percentage of errors in understanding the questions gets a value of 50%, the percentage of transformation errors gets a value of 75%, then on the percentage of error processing skills gets a score of 62.5% and the percentage of errors in writing the final answer also obtained the same results as the percentage of process skills errors, which was 62.5%. This is because most students do not understand the integral concept so they do not understand in determining the formula and applying it. the percentage of transformation errors gets a value of 75%, then the percentage of process skills errors gets a value of 62.5%, and the percentage of errors in writing the final answer also gets the same result as the percentage of process skills errors that is 62.5%. This is because most students do not understand the integral concept so they do not understand in determining the formula and applying it. the percentage of transformation errors gets a value of 75%, then the percentage of process skills errors gets a value of 62.5%, and the percentage of errors in writing the final answer also gets the same result as the percentage of process skills errors that is 62.5%. This is because most students do not understand the integral concept so they do not understand in determining the formula and applying it

Journal of Cancer Discovery: we are a part of the battlefield

The world has witnessed the tremendous development of anticancer therapies over the past decades. Our tools to fight against this ancient enemy have evolved from traditional chemotherapy to targeted therapy, and then to immunotherapy now. Especially with the great success of immune checkpoint blockade therapies such as anti-PD-1 antibodies, we have taken a giant leap towards the future in which cancer will no longer be seen as an irreparable tragedy of life. However, we are still far from winning the battle against cancer. The current therapeutic strategies are not close to the final answer of cancer treatment, with limited PFS and OS with almost all the treatments in the majority of the patients and types of cancer. The game is still in the hard mode. That is how I feel when I see the clinical trial results reporting a few more weeks’ prolonged survival time, and doctors all over the world excited about it. Fundamentally, our understanding of the biological processes of cancer is still limited, and new discoveries and ideas are urgently needed to make breakthroughs. The age of the universe is about 13.7 billion years. The Earth was born roughly 4.5 billion years ago. The first life on Earth appeared about 3.8 billion years ago. The first cancer was found on the fossil of a turtle living nearly 230 million years ago. The first human found to have cancer lived about 1.7 million years ago. The first anticancer drug, nitrogen mustard, was approved 65 years ago. I feel lucky that I live in an era with rapid progress in cancer research and clinical practice, and act as both a doctor in medical oncology and a scientific worker in the field of cancer research to play a part in the fight against this familiar opponent. That’s why we launched the Journal of Cancer Discovery (JCD): we want to be a part of the battlefield, and do our best to provide some new ideas for the human beings to win this billion-year-old battle. JCD is an open-access, peer-reviewed and bilingual journal. Like other Luminescience journals, in addition to publishing in English, our professional editing team will also provide the readers with abstracts in Chinese, and the full text of some selected manuscripts will be published in both English and Chinese. We also welcome authors to provide us with the abstract in their native language after the article is accepted. Our aim is to enhance global communication in cancer research, and to let different voices from all over the world be heard. We hope and believe that JCD will be an outstanding journal in cancer research in the near future.

Design principles for final answer assessment in linear algebra: implications for digital testing

Abstract Digital testing, such as multiple-choice questions and final answer items, offers many advantages in higher educational assessment practices. Well-designed digital grading is more reliable and faster than hand grading and is scalable to larger classes. The validity of digital grading is open to criticism, particularly in mathematics where much of mathematics is based on processes and reasoning and not on the final answer achieved. At a technical university in the Netherlands, we have been increasing our use of digital short answer testing in calculus and linear algebra for service mathematics. To assess the validity of this mode of assessment, we graded a linear algebra test in two ways: short answer grading (where answers were considered either correct or incorrect) and the so-called ‘hypothetical grading’, where we assigned a grade based on the fully worked solution. Certain types of items proved to be more suitable for short answer (and hence digital) testing than others. We concluded our analysis with a set of design principles for digital or short answer testing in linear algebra.

SentiMedQAer: A Transfer Learning-Based Sentiment-Aware Model for Biomedical Question Answering.

Recent advances have witnessed a trending application of transfer learning in a broad spectrum of natural language processing (NLP) tasks, including question answering (QA). Transfer learning allows a model to inherit domain knowledge obtained from an existing model that has been sufficiently pre-trained. In the biomedical field, most QA datasets are limited by insufficient training examples and the presence of factoid questions. This study proposes a transfer learning-based sentiment-aware model, named SentiMedQAer, for biomedical QA. The proposed method consists of a learning pipeline that utilizes BioBERT to encode text tokens with contextual and domain-specific embeddings, fine-tunes Text-to-Text Transfer Transformer (T5), and RoBERTa models to integrate sentiment information into the model, and trains an XGBoost classifier to output a confidence score to determine the final answer to the question. We validate SentiMedQAer on PubMedQA, a biomedical QA dataset with reasoning-required yes/no questions. Results show that our method outperforms the SOTA by 15.83% and a single human annotator by 5.91%.

O ključnim temama islamske umjetnosti očima historije umjetnosti / On the Key Themes of Islamic Art as Seen by The History of Art

This paper examines a number of very common themes in Islamic art and relates them to its nature, sources, principles, and artistic character. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between Islam and art and to determing the extent to which Islam as a faith has influenced Islamic art. As one can hardly pass over in silence the ban on representing persons, when dealing with Islamic art as a phenomenon, that too is discussed at the appropriate point in the paper. This paper involves no attempt to offer final answers, the author’s hope being to initiate dialogue on themes affecting Islamic art. A satisfactory treatment of the topics of the subsections would require a series of dedicated studies.

Using a constraint-based expert model to provide step-level feedback for user-inputted mathematics equations

Studies across a variety of educational fields have shown the efficacy of feedback on student performance and learning. Web-based homework is a common feature of secondary and collegiate mathematics courses to provide such feedback. While web-based homework provides often instantaneous feedback to students as they complete assignments, the feedback is limited to the correctness of the final answer or to a limited number of pre-programmed common mistakes. Intelligent Tutoring Systems have the ability to provide step-by-step feedback and guidance tailored to individual students, however authoring content for such systems is generally considered a huge barrier to their wider use. This paper presents an alternative system, called SANYMS (Show and Name Your Math Steps), which combines the wide-scale usability of web-based homework with a Constraint-Based Intelligent Tutoring System Expert Model based on the open-source computer algebra system Maxima. With the integration of Maxima, SANYMS can provide step-by-step feedback to students constructing their own solutions to a wide variety of algebraic equations of their choice without the need for extensive content authoring inherent in many Intelligent Tutoring Systems.