Fin Length Research Articles

Continuous composite longitudinal fins under oscillating boundary conditions: a lattice Boltzmann solution

PurposeTransient response of continuous composite material (CCM) fin made of high thermally conductive composite material is presented. The continuously varying effective properties of composite material such as thermal conductivity, heat capacity and density have been modelled using the Mori-Tanaka homogenization theory and rule of mixture. Additionally, temperature dependency of thermal conductivity, heat generation (composite materials) and convection coefficient (fluid properties) have also been incorporated. Different base boundary conditions are addressed such as oscillating heat flow, oscillating temperature, step-changing heat flow and step-changing temperature. At the other boundary, the fin is assumed to have a convective tip.Design/methodology/approachLattice Boltzmann method is implemented using an in-house source code for obtaining the numerical solution of typical non-linear heat balance equation of the aforementioned problem under various transient base boundary conditions.FindingsThe effects of various thermal parameters such as material diffusivity ratio and conductivity ratio, area ratio and Biot number on transient response of fin and temperature distribution of fins are studied and interpreted. The heat transfer rate and time for attainment of steady state temperature of metal matrix composite (MMC) fin are found to be proportionally dependent on their diffusivity ratio. Additionally for higher values of area ratio and biot number, MMC fins are reported to dissipate the heat more efficiently in comparision to homogeneous fins in terms of time required to attain the steady state and surface temperature.Practical implicationsResponse of transient fin associated with advanced class of material can facilitates the practicing engineers for designing high-performance and/or miniaturized thermal management devices as used in electronic packaging industries.Originality/valueStudies of composite fin consisting of laminating second layer of material over the first layer have been reported previously, however transient response of CCM fin fabricated by continuously varying the volume fraction of two materials along the fin length has not been reported till date. Such material finds its application in thermal management and electronic packaging industries. Results are plotted in form of a graph for different application-wise material combinations that have not been reported earlier, and it can be treated as design data.

Comparative Analysis of Morphometric and Meristic Characters in Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758), Nile Tilapia across Diverse Ecological Zones in Nigeria

The present study investigated the comparative analysis of morphometric and meristic characteristics in Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) from six lakes in different ecological zones across Nigeria. A total of 347 samples were collected. Twenty-nine morphometric characters were measured to the nearest 0.01 cm using Vernier calipers and nine meristic characters were counted in all the collected individuals. The results of the univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that all observed morphometric and meristic characters were significantly different (P=0.05) across the study sites. Notably, O. niloticus from Asejire Lake had significantly higher values in all the morphometric characters. The multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) identified three morphometric and four meristic characters as the most discriminating traits among the studied populations. These findings align with previous research highlighting the utility of morphometric and meristic data in delineating fish populations based on habitat differences and genetic compositions. Significant differences in head-related (head length), swimming-related (anal fin length and caudal peduncle length), and feeding-related (both left and right gill raker) measurements further underscored environmental influences on morphological variation. The study suggests that ecological factors such as food availability and environmental conditions contribute to the observed variations. This research provides valuable insights into the population dynamics and adaptation strategies of O. niloticus in diverse aquatic environments across Nigeria

Magnetic field effects on double diffusion of four sloshing fins in a nanofluid-occupied cavity

ABSTRACT This article offers a novel study on the impacts of magnetic field and Soret-Dufour numbers on the thermosolutal convection of sloshing four fins on the wall sides of a square cavity occupied by a nanofluid. The incompressible condition of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) entitled ISPH method simulated sloshing four fins inside a nanofluid flow contained by a square cavity. The scales of pertinent parameters are fin length 0.05 ≤ L Fin ≤ 0.3 , Dufour number 0 ≤ Du ≤ 1 , a magnetic field inclination angle 30 ∘ ≤ γ ≤ 90 ∘ , Soret number 0 ≤ Sr ≤ 2 , Hartmann number 10 ≤ Ha ≤ 50 , Rayleigh number 10 4 ≤ Ra ≤ 10 7 , and nanoparticle parameter 0 ≤ ϕ ≤ 0.2 . The simulations of the ISPH method indicated the significant role of the fin’s length in enhancing the nanofluid alterations and transmission of thermal/solutal convection inside a cavity. Besides, the Rayleigh number has a great influence on improving nanofluid velocity and power of temperature/concentration. The Soret/Dufour numbers are successful in boosting the nanofluid speed as well as heat and mass transport, while the Hartmann number and nanoparticles parameter are effective in reducing the nanofluid movements.

Improvement of Air Compressor Cooling with Intercooler Fine Pruning

An intercooler serves as a heat exchanger between the several stages of the working compressor, assisting in the transmission of thermal energy between fluids of varying temperatures. This article is about the experimental analysis of the effectiveness of an intercooler. Multiple variables oversee the performance evaluation under different circumstances. Standard operational values are used to calculate performance evaluation metrics such as total heat transfer coefficient and others. Heat rejection of intercoolers has been enhanced from 61% to 65% by the variation of different fin lengths. Furthermore, the recently added intercooler's isothermal efficiency, which reached an astounding 56.5% significantly, outperformed the earlier unit. This serves to highlight how well the intercooler design was modified. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the Intercooler was assessed considering the circumstances during operation. The intercooler fin is primarily concerned with the performance of the air compressor. This work analyses the many characteristics of fin length, fin number, and fin diameter. When compared to the existing intercooler, this modified intercooler has a high performance

Heat Transfer Management of Thermal and Electronics Systems using Convective-Radiative Porous Fins with Thermal Contact Resistance and Diabatic Tip

The miniaturization of electronics, electrical, thermal, mechanical and optical devices and systems calls for increasing demand for efficient cooling systems with higher thermal efficiency. The use of passive mode of cooling using fins has provided unprecedented results. However, the previous transient analyses of the extended surfaces have been done without proper considerations of the imperfect contact between the fin base and the prime surface. Also, the tip of the passive device has been assumed to be adiabatic. However, the present article explores the significances of thermal contact resistance and diabatic tip on the transient thermal response of straight fin with temperature-dependent thermal conductivity and magnetic field under radiative-convective conditions. The nonlinear model is analyzed numerically using generalized Integral Transform Techniques and the numerical results are verified by the exact solution for the linear thermal model. The parametric explorations reveal that the adimensional local temperature in the conductive-radiative fin increases when the conductive-convective, conductive-radiative and magnetic field parameters increase. However, under the assumption of perfect thermal contact between the prime surface and the base of the fin, the adimensional temperature in the fin will decrease as the conductive-convective, conductive-radiative and magnetic field parameters increase. The fin temperature is significantly affected by the Biot numbers under the comparably low values of the conductive-convective, conductive-radiative, magnetic field and thermal conductivity parameters. The effects of the fin thermal conductivity parameter along the fin length depend on the respective values of thermal contact Biot number at the base of the fin and the end cooling Biot number at the tip of the fin. When the thermal conductivity parameter is amplified, the fin adimensional temperature increases when thermal contact Biot number at the base of the fin is zero and the end cooling Biot number at the tip of the fin is very large. This study will help in accurate analysis and design of heat sinks and passive devices for heat transfer enhancement for thermal and electronic systems.

Design and optimization of staggered fin structure of heat exchanger based on Machine learning

A multi-scale coupling method based on the unit heat transfer model is proposed to simulate the flow heat transfer performance of a heat exchanger, in view of the complex structure of the heat transfer unit model inside the staggered tooth type heat exchanger and the characteristics of coolant flow. The numerical simulation results are compared with experimental results, and the errors of the simulation results under different working conditions are small, indicating that the modelling method is reliable. On this basis, the heat transfer unit model parameters of staggered fins were established by three-dimensional numerical simulations. The heat transfer performance of the heat exchanger under different structures was compared using a comprehensive evaluation factor, i.e., j/f. The results and experimental data show that the best flow heat transfer performance is achieved with a liquid-side fin length of 7.2 mm, an oil-side fin length of 4.8 mm, a liquid-side fin height of 3.1 mm and an oil-side fin height of 3.1 mm, an inlet flow velocity of 0.2 m/s and a flow angle of 90°. Later, an agent model was established using backward propagation (BP) artificial neural network (ANN) to predict the flow heat transfer performance of the heat transfer unit model, and it was concluded that the f-factor, j-factor and j/f predicted by the ANN model matched well with the simulated values, and the predicted trends of different indicators were the same as the real law, which proved that the error between the predicted and actual values was small, and the above structural parameters were the best architectural parameters, which eventually improved the heat transfer performance by 17 %.

Numerical study of PCM melting performance in a rectangular container with various longitudinal fin structures

This paper uses the enthalpy-porosity technique to conduct a three-dimensional numerical investigation on the effect of adding longitudinal fins in energy storage units to enhance the melting process, with a specific focus on natural convection. By reducing the extension length of the upper part of the fins and increasing the extension length at the bottom, the work aims to enhance heat transfer while reducing obstruction to convection. The effects of rectangular, trapezoidal, and triangular longitudinal fins with thicknesses of 0.2, 0.25, and 0.3 mm on the melting characteristics were compared while maintaining a constant filling volume of RT42 phase change material (PCM) within the rectangular container. The results indicate that the enhanced heat transfer capacity of fins with different structures increases as the fin length increases. Triangular fins exhibit the most significant heat transfer enhancement effect, with the least hindrance to convection. When the fin thickness is 0.2 mm, the triangular fin decreases the melting completion time by 15.7 %, increases the heat storage rate by 18.7 % compared to the rectangular fin, and exhibits optimal natural convection intensity and temperature distribution in the energy storage unit. Additionally, the maximum flow velocity and average Nusselt number can be increased by 21.2 % and 18.5 %, respectively. It was also found that triangular fins are more suitable for high-temperature working conditions.

The effect of fin geometry on the thermal performance of a conical shell double tube latent storage unit

Thermal energy storage systems are widely used in a variety of applications. Latent heat thermal energy storage units are generally recognized as one of the most efficient ways to utilize and store renewable energy because of their high energy density and constant charging/discharging temperature. Conversely, the low thermal conductivity of phase change materials in these units limits their applications. The present paper investigates the performance of a novel double-tube phase-change unit of a conical shape. To aid the melting rate, fins are added to enhance heat transfer. A two-dimensional ANSYS computational fluid dynamics model has been developed. The results have been validated against published data from the literature with very good agreement. The study considered different geometrical modifications in terms of fin angle and fin length. Their effect on melting rate and energy stored was carefully discussed. Results have shown that longer fins accelerate the PCM melting rate. The melting rate was enhanced by up to 42.6% for the 20 mm fin. However, the best orientation angle varies with the considered fin length. Energy and power have revealed the best performance for a short fin of length 5 mm and an angle of 60° from the vertical.

Measuring mislocalization of angle vertices.

Localisation of simple stimuli such as angle vertices may contribute to a plethora of illusory effects. We focus on the Müller-Lyer illusion in an attempt to measure and characterise a more elementary effect that may contribute to the magnitude of said illusion. Perceived location error of angle vertices (a single set of Müller-Lyer fins) and arcs in a 2D plane was measured with the aim to provide clarification of ambiguous results from studies of angle localisation and expand the results to other types of stimuli. In three experiments, we utilised the method of constant stimuli in order to determine perceived locations of angle vertices (Experiments 1 and 2) as well as circular and elliptical arcs (Experiment 3). The results show significant distortions of perceived compared to objective vertex locations (all effect sizes d > 1.01, p < .001). Experiment 2 revealed strong effects of angle size and fin length on localisation error. Mislocalization was larger for more acute angles and longer angle fins (both ηp² = .43, p < .001). In Experiment 3, localisation errors were larger for longer arcs (ηp² = .19, p = .001) irrespective of shape (circular or elliptical). We discuss the effect in the context of modern trends in research of the Müller-Lyer illusion as well as the widely popular centroid theory. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Evaluation of the Electrical Power Transformer Fins Design Technology: Numerical Analysis and Experimental Validation

The study includes numerical analysis and experimental verification on an electrical power distribution transformer (250 kVA, 11 kW, Oil Natural Air Natural). ANSYS Fluent R3 2019 software was used to develop the numerical simulation model. The validity of the numerical model was confirmed by comparing the results of the numerical model and experimental data. The study aims to improve the efficiency and performance of electrical power distribution transformers by proposing a design that reduces the temperature of the transformer while maintaining its traditional size. Numerically, the effect of fin geometry on the temperature and density of transformer oil was studied. Four different fin designs were proposed and compared with the traditional design. According to the results, all proposed designs contributed to improving the cooling performance of the transformer compared to the traditional design. Design A is similar to the traditional transformer design, with the only modification being manipulation of the fin length, and achieves an average oil temperature reduction of 4 K. Design B showed the smallest temperature drop of the four designs, with a 3 K drop. Designs C and D include ventilation channels that match the shape of the fin, providing distinct design differences. The difference between both designs relied on the fact that for design C, the orthogonally of fin plates was retained. On the other hand, in design D, skewing of fin plates was introduced. Design D proved to be the most effective in reducing the average oil temperature, being reduced by 10 K. On the other hand, Design C reduced the average oil temperature by 7 K.

A comprehensive study on passive cooling of a PV device using PCM and various fin configurations: Pin, spring, and Y-shaped fins

This study addresses the need for effective passive cooling strategies in compact photovoltaic (PV) modules by exploring three distinct fin shapes—pin fin, Y-shaped fin, and spring fin—utilizing both numerical simulations and experiments. The objective is to enhance heat transfer rates in PV devices through extended surfaces and phase-change material (PCM). Departing from conventional approaches like metal foams and plate fins that contribute to increased weight and system complexity, the research employs the finite volume method in computational fluid dynamics for numerical simulations, validated with experimental data. Comparative scenarios include fins with the same cross-sectional area and the same volume, revealing that the pin fin configuration outperforms others significantly. An experimental focus on pin fin numbers and lengths demonstrates a remarkable 9 °C temperature reduction with fully saturated pin fins, translating to a 4 % increase in efficiency and a noteworthy 0.8 V enhancement in open-circuit voltage. The findings underscore the potential of this proposed PV-PCM passive cooling approach for achieving performance enhancements while being easily constructed at a lower cost, providing a cost-efficient solution with clear quantitative results indicating temperature reduction, efficiency improvement, and enhanced voltage.

Taxonomic characterization of five species of emperor fishes (Actinopterygii: Eupercaria: Lethrinidae) based on external morphology, morphometry, and geographic distribution in the northwestern Indian Ocean

Species of the genus Lethrinus, commonly referred to as emperor fishes, mainly distributed in the Indo–West Pacific, including the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman are poorly known. It is difficult to characterize them morphologically, as there are no distinguishing meristic features for the majority of species. We studied the morphological features of 65 specimens representing the genus Lethrinus to define and identify the species involved. Among the morphological characters commonly considered in this type of study, we also included new, previously undescribed characters. The results of Tukey’s post hoc HSD test for metric and meristic variables, which showed significant differences between species in ANOVA, indicate that most metric traits and the number of scale rows above the lateral line differ significantly among the five morphotypes distinguished. Principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant function analysis (DFA) effectively showed the morphometric variation between these morphotypes. The characteristics of body depth, head length, pectoral fin length, and caudal fin length are the most distinguishing diagnostic at the species level. We determined that the collected fish specimens represented: Lethrinus borbonicus Valenciennes, 1830, Lethrinus crocineus Smith, 1959, Lethrinus lentjan (Lacepède, 1802), Lethrinus microdon Valenciennes, 1830, and Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskål, 1775). We also confirmed their validity as distinct species. Notably, L. crocineus, previously known only from the western Indian Ocean (Africa and Socotra), is now reported for the first time from the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman. Lastly, a distribution map for the Lethrinus species is included.

Investigation on the thermal and hydraulic characteristics of the micro heat sinks with grooves and pin fins by Taguchi-based sensitivity analysis

The heat dissipation issue of the micro electronic devices seriously restricts their application in the aerospace, national defense, communication, etc. The novel heat sinks with trapezoidal grooves and rectangular pin fins are proposed to meet the cooling requirement of the high-power devices. The cooling effect, thermohydraulic characteristics, total efficiency and thermodynamic performance of the heat sinks are studied by three-dimensional numerical simulation. Firstly, the influence of the relative position between the grooves and the pin fins on the thermohydraulic performance is explored in detail. Secondly, Taguchi optimization and analysis of variance are adopted to quantitatively analyze the impact degree of the pin fin width, length and height on the Nusselt number, friction factor and total performance index. The optimal structures are obtained for different objectives. Lastly, the temperature performance, total performance and the irreversibility of the optimal structures are compared thoroughly. New findings include that: the best arrangement of the grooves and pin fins is obtained, which enhances the Nusselt number by 1.5 times compared to the smooth heat sink. The fin width is the most critical factor for the heat transfer and flow, while the fin length shows the greatest importance in the overall performance. The optimized heat sink with the fin width of 50 μm, length of 60 μm and height of 150 μm reduces the peak temperature by 12.3 ℃ compared to the smooth heat sink for Reynolds number of 303. This heat sink yields the highest total performance index with 1.43 for Reynolds number of 368 and significantly reduces the irreversible loss. Moreover, the optimized heat sink with the fin width of 10 μm, length of 60 μm and height of 100 μm reduces the friction factor by 61.39 % compared to the original structure for Reynolds number of 635, which is beneficial to reduce the energy consumption. The quantitative analysis of the parameter sensitivity for novel heat sinks reveals the mechanism of the heat transfer enhancement by modifying the geometric parameters and provides an effective solution for thermal management of the high-power devices.

Performance Analysis of a Compact Offset Strip Fin Heat Exchanger for Lubrication System in Aero Engine

Abstract As a typical fuel-oil heat exchanger, an offset strip fin heat exchanger (OSFHX) can ensure the efficient and stable operation of the aero engine lubrication system. The paper establishes 20 kinds of numerical models of OSFHX that are verified by experiments. The effects of different structural parameters on the performance of lubricating oil in OSFHX were systematically studied. Based on dimensional analysis, the prediction model which can describe the overall performance of the OSFHX is obtained. The results show that with the decrease of fin distance (s), fin length (l), fin height (h), fin thickness (t), and fin shape angle (α), the heat transfer performance of the OSFHX is enhanced and the resistance is increased. With the decrease of s and h, and the increase of t and α, the comprehensive performance of the OSFHX is enhanced. The OSFHX exhibits the optimal performance when l = 4 mm. α has the most significant effect on the comprehensive performance of the OSFHX, successively followed by h, s, t, and l. The average error of Colburn factor (j) and friction factor (f) prediction models is 4.09% and 5.31%, respectively, which can realize the theoretical calculation of the performance of the OSFHX for aviation.

The effect of appendages at step on heat transfer in a backward-facing step

The current study analyzes the effect of introduction of an appendage at the step, on forced convection, in a backward-facing step. Two-dimensional turbulent flow over a backward-facing step has been tested numerically. The length and size of the recirculation zone have been observed to vary, by changing the appendage length and Reynolds number. An increase in the average Nusselt number has been observed for an increase in the Reynolds number. In this study, it has been visualized that with the introduction of the appendage, the Nusselt number increases. A vertical fin length of Ya/S = 0.5 has been found to provide the greatest improvement in the heat transfer rate. The average Nusselt number increases by three times for Ya/S = 0.5. However, the Performance Evaluation Criteria (PEC) indicates the appendage of length Ya/S = 0.3 provides consistent values. This arises as the pressure drop increases by 8.75 times for Ya/S = 0.5 when compared with unobstructed case.

Thermal performance and optimization of an integrated collector–storage solar air heater based on lap joint-type flat micro-heat pipe arrays

This study seeks to optimize the performance of an integrated collector–storage solar air heater (ICSSAH) based on lap joint-type (LJT) flat micro-heat pipe arrays (FMHPAs) and latent thermal storage through numerical simulation. A novel dynamic heat transfer model is developed by incorporating the heat transfer correlation describing the thermal characteristics of phase change material (PCM) in narrow and elongated confined spaces within plate fins and validated using experimental data to address the issue of deviation caused by the fixed thermal resistance of the PCM in conventional numerical simulation methods. The validated model is used to simulate and predict the dynamic performance of LJT-FMHPA-ICSSAH under different heat transfer structures. Several optimization parameters, including the air gap thickness, the optical properties of the collector and glass cover plates, and fins structure, are considered. Simulation results indicate that the heat lost to the external environment through the glass cover plate accounted for over 70 % of the total heat dissipation. The optimal combination included a 50 mm gas layer; copper-based blue titanium coating; ultra-white glass; and fin spacing, thickness, height, and length of 5, 0.2, 60, and 195 mm, respectively. Under autumn/winter operating conditions, the optimized thermal performance is 1.13–1.35 times higher than the performance prior to optimization.

Study of the thermal dynamic behavior of a rectangular enclosure with fins embedded in PCM

This paper investigates the behavior of a Thermal Energy Storage (TES) system with Phase Change Material (PCM) embedded in fins. A commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics software is used to study the behavior of the system. A validation of the numerical model is done by comparing the numerical results with the measured melting fraction as function of time, determined from measurement of the temperature fields, for two lengths of fins. A dimensionless number is suggested to analyze the effect of the fins on the heat transfer in the medium. This study presents some results on the evolution of the liquid fraction and the Nusselt number. Results show that although the small conductivity of the PCM, the convection and conduction play a key role in heat transfer, their importance depends on the length of the fins. Furthermore, some feature of the behavior of the system without fins have been conserved by analyzing the Nusselt number.

ANALYSIS OF AUGMENTATION IN PERFORMANCE OF PV MODULE INTEGRATED WITH FINNED PCM BY THREE-DIMENSIONAL TRANSIENT NUMERICAL SIMULATION

The overall performance of PV-PCM integrated with rectangular straight fins is analysed by three-dimensional transient numerical simulations. The influence of fin lengths, number of fins (n), and inclination (θ) of the system is investigated and compared with the PV-only system, and an optimal system configuration is then identified. Finite element analysis is used to conduct the simulations using COMSOL Multiphysics 6.0. The PV front surface is subjected to a constant flux of 1000 W/m2 for 180 min, and the PCM employed is RT25HC. The results indicate that the average PV temperature tends to drop with increasing inclination and fin length, thereby enhancing the PV efficiency, with maximum improvement attained for the full fin case for a given inclination and number of fins. Compared to the PV-only system, the highest PV temperature reduction and PV efficiency enhancement are 59.65 °C and 45.1%, respectively, for the horizontal system of full-length fins with a number of fins equal to 6. The full-fin PV-PCM system with 6 fins and 45° inclination gives the highest instantaneous power output of 14.16 W. The melting rate of PCM is strongly related to the heat transfer rate inside PCM, and the lowest melting time is obtained for the 8-finned PV-PCM system with θ = 45°. The peak velocity magnitude for all systems with different fin lengths is also examined to analyse the extent of convection levels within PCM.

Sensitivity analysis of natural convection in a porous cavity filled with nanofluid and equipped with horizontal fins using various optimization methods and MRT-LB

In the present study, natural convection heat transfer is investigated in a porous cavity filled with Cu/water nanofluid and equipped with horizontal fins. Optimization and sensitivity analysis of the fin’s geometry, porous medium and nanofluid properties to maximize heat transfer rate is the aim of this work. To achieve this purpose, a design space is created by input parameters which include length, number of fins, distance between fins, porosity, Darcy number and volumetric fraction of the nanoparticles. Several tools have been used to implement optimization methods including the Taguchi method (TM) for design points generation, sensitivity analysis of design variables by using signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and analysis of variance (ANOVA), response surface method (RSM) for interpolation and regression by using nonparametric regression, and genetic algorithm (GA) for finding optimum design point. The double multi-relaxation time lattice Boltzmann method (MRT-LBM) is used to analyze and simulate the flow field and heat transfer in each design point. The results show that the optimal configuration leads to an average Nusselt number of 5.56. This optimal configuration is at the length of fins L/2, the number of fins 2, the distance between fins L/12, porosity 0.8, Darcy number 0.1, and the volumetric fraction of the nanoparticles 0.02. By using the SNR results, the Darcy number and the number of fins have the most and the least effect in maximizing the average Nusselt number, respectively. The ANOVA results and global sensitivity analysis (GSA) findings further validated this conclusion.

Influence of fin shape design on thermal efficiency of phase change material-based thermal energy storage unit

The present numerical study treats the impact of fin shape design on the thermal efficiency of phase change material (PCM)-based thermal energy storage (TES) unit, focusing on the same surface area occupied by fins. Comparing two different finned TES units equipped with rectangular and triangular fin shapes, respectively, showed significant enhancements in PCM melting activity. Comparative analysis demonstrated that triangular fin shape lowers PCM melting time by 12.64% for equivalent fin numbers, and by 15.38% for equal fin lengths due to the enlargement of the heat transfer area provided by the triangular shape. Further examination of fins with triangular shape in terms of spacing and length, under fixed thickness and size parameters, revealed significant reduction in melting time with increasing fins length. Notably, 50.75% decrease in melting time was achieved by decreasing the number of fins to 20 while increasing fin length to 10 mm. Moreover, maintaining a heat transfer fluid (HTF) temperature 20 K higher than the melting PCM temperature maximizes TES thermal efficiency. These outcomes emphasize the importance of optimizing fin shape design for enhancing heat transfer without affecting the energy storage capacity of TES systems, with potential applications in building thermal management.