Film Production Process Research Articles

Analysis of the Impact of Multimedia Imaging Technology on Film Media

Multimedia imaging technology is widely used in many fields of modern life, such as traditional artistic expressions such as movies and dramas, and emerging computer multimedia technologies such as video image rendering, dynamic image processing and three-dimensional image processing are constantly emerging, providing viewers with better visual effects. At the same time, due to the limitation of shooting conditions or improper storage and reproduction, many video materials have different degrees of distortion, so it is particularly urgent to protect and repair these materials. In this context, we introduced different types of computer multimedia technology, and made a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the media. This will help to optimize and improve the film and television production process, improve the quality of works, and protect historical video materials.

The Integration of Digital Media Technology and Film and Animation Production under the Multimedia Environment

With the vigorous development of multimedia technology, the digital media technology has deeply integrated with the film and animation production, which has triggered a revolution of technology and art. The digital media technology provides powerful tools and platforms to transform the film and animation production from the traditional manual production to the computer-aided and digital production. This paper will discuss the fusion application of digital media technology in film and animation production under the multimedia environment, focus on the innovation and influence of digital media technology on film and animation production process, effect presentation, interactive experience and other aspects, analyze the characteristics of digital media technology and discuss its specific application in film and animation production, with a view to providing valuable insights for film and animation industry and academia, and promote the innovative application of digital media technology in film and animation production.

X‐reality Film Innovation Circle framework and future directions

The application of X‐reality (XR) technologies is reshaping the business landscape and redefining the film production process and the role of the audience in films. This study presents a bibliometric and content analysis of 131 academic articles to explore the development and research trends of XR in the film industry. We identify five core themes within the topic: (1) technical considerations, (2) narrative considerations, (3) presence, (4) audience responses and (5) ethical considerations. Based on the identified themes, we provide insights into the intellectual structure of this developing and interdisciplinary topic and propose the framework called the XR Film Innovation Circle (XR‐FIC). The study concludes by identifying the current research gaps and suggesting future directions, further emphasizing the rationales behind the suggested directions.

The Evolution of Film Technology in the Streaming Media Era: A Comparative Analysis of Traditional Movies and Internet TV Series

With the rise of streaming platforms such as Netflix, Amazon Prime, Hulu, and others, there has been a profound transformation in the landscape of visual storytelling. The emergence of streaming media has ushered in a transformative era for the film and television industry. This essay conducts a comparative analysis of traditional cinema and internet television series, unveiling the evolution of film technology and its impact in the era of streaming media. This study examines the distinctions between the traditional film production process and the innovative approaches adopted by Internet TV series. Traditional film production is characterized by its reliance on theatrical releases and linear narrative. It also investigates the role of advanced digital tools and technologies, as well as the impact of streaming algorithms on content recommendations and audience engagement. Furthermore, this essay is intended to provide a comprehensive overview of the ever-evolving landscape of film technology in the era of streaming media. It underscores the creative autonomy and adaptability offered by internet television series, as well as the challenges and opportunities they encounter.

The formation of Ukrainian documentary film directing in the second half of the 1920s

The scientific relevance. The formation and development of the newsreels and documentary films in Ukraine in the 1920s remains one of the least researched pages in the history and development of Ukrainian cinema. That is why the relevance of this research lies, mainly, in filling a significant gap in the history of Ukrainian cinema. A detailed study of newsreels and documentary films production will allow to reveal trends in the development of the Ukrainian film industry in the 1920s in the field of documentary films.
 The purpose of the article is to study the specifics of the VUFKU policy on strengthening the material and technical base of Ukrainian film production during the 1920s, to study and analyze the history of the formation and development of the production of newsreels and documentary films in the specified period.
 The methodology of analysis of the problem consists in using, first of all, the historical-systemic approach, which provides an opportunity to understand the dynamics of the development of newsreels and documentary films at a specific historical stage. The problem-chronological approach made it possible to distinguish by year the main directions of the VUFKU activity in the development of newsreels and documentary cinema within the defined chronological framework. The historical-systemic approach made it possible to understand the dynamics of the development of Ukrainian cinematography in the field of documentary cinema as a system at a specific historical stage.
 The results of the research are that the article examines the prerequisites that served as an impetus for the emergence of a special technical basis for shooting newsreels. The way of development and establishment of newsreels production is considered. Genre and thematic directions of newsreels, types of newsreels, as well as the circumstances that led to the development of the production of newsreels and documentary films are analyzed. The composition, features and functions of the elements of the Ukrainian organizational and creative model of cinematography have been established.
 The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the article for the first time, on the basis of a complex analysis, researches the process of transformation of structural elements of Ukrainian cinematography in order to establish the release of newsreels and documentary films.
 The practical significance of the article lies in the fact that the results of the study will contribute to the filling of the “white spots” in the history of Ukrainian cinematography, in particular, the establishment of newsreels and documentary cinema as a component of Ukrainian cinematography, which contributes to the creation of a holistic concept of the development of domestic cinema, further understanding of the film production process of the past and present. The materials of the article can be used in further scientific and theoretical researches, during the creation of training manuals and separate sections of the history of Ukrainian cinema.

Screenwriting sound and music: Towards a new field of study

Extensive research in film and media studies on film music and sound has delved into various aspects of their role in cinema, recognizing their significance. However, a crucial element in film production – the screenplay – has often been overlooked in the exploration of sound and music integration. Concurrently, studies on screenwriting have displayed limited interest in the acoustic dimensions of film, creating a research gap where film music studies intersect with screenwriting studies. This Special Issue aims to address this gap by emphasizing the screenplay’s importance in comprehending the role of sound and music in film. This introduction showcases the diverse ways in which music and sound are integrated into screenplays. The ongoing exploration of screenplays for the analysis of sound and music sets the stage for future research endeavours. The editors and authors of this Special Issue advocate for the screenplay as a valuable resource in film music studies, providing innovative insights into the film production process.

Utilization of Multilayered Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)-Based Film Packaging Waste Using Reactive Compatibilizers and Impact Modifier

This research aimed to evaluate the material properties of reactive extrusion-modified blends containing PET multilayered foil waste. Three types of PET-based multilayer foil waste were used as the compound during the reprocessing of standard bottle-grade PET. Flakes used for this purpose were made from laminated foils: (A) PET/PE, (B) PET/EVOH/PE, and PET/PE/met. All types of the prepared materials were compounded with 30% of the waste foil flakes. Additionally, the blend was modified with an epoxy-based chain extender and polyolefin-based impact modifier. The prepared blends were processed using two methods; initially, the materials were prepared by injection molding, while cast-film samples were also prepared. All samples were subjected to full characterization using mechanical testing methods, thermal analysis, and structural observations. The study shows that the addition of multilayered foil waste is leading to significant deterioration of PET-based material properties. While, in most cases, the use of a chain extender led to some improvement in mechanical characteristics, the impact modifier addition strongly influenced most of the properties. It was also observed that the reactive extrusion procedure led to melt strength improvement, which greatly facilitates the film production process. Due to the limited possibility of separating the film components, the developed method of foil recycling might be useful for the utilization of multilayered packaging.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ РАЗВИТИЯ ПРОДЮСЕРСКОГО КИНО В КАЗАХСТАНЕ НА СОВРЕМЕННОМ ЭТАПЕ

Modern Kazakh cinema, as part of the global film process, is undergoing tangible changes affecting the process of film production, namely, the formation of a new attitude to film production - the creation of producer films. Producer cinema is the creation of a film product based on a studio structure, which requires financial investment, an interesting concept, creative ideas and competent promotion. Finding funding for a new project, each producer wants to return this money with a good profit.

A Geography of the Screen: Mapmaking as Bridge between Film and Curatorial Production Processes

Both mapping and artist documentary filmmaking offer us subjective translations of reality and strategies to relate to and represent space, sharing analogous methods of production that allow for a useful application of the spatial language of mapmaking to filmmaking. Immersing the film process within the language of mapmaking can then act as a bridge into the spatial practices of the gallery environment, curatorial practice, and exhibition design. This process is defined here as “film-mapping” and is investigated through the development of the work For the Record by Phanuel Antwi and Rhea Storr commissioned by the transmediale festival in Berlin (2021), for which the author of the present paper is the film curator. A process for film-mapping is laid out according to three stages: (1) Compose the Territory, (2) Define the Legend, and (3) Set the Modality. Understanding the production of For the Record through this mapping terminology enriches the spatial understanding of the work, providing a translation device between filmmaking and curatorial practice and mediating between the disciplines by providing a shared language.

Remake Bodony: Visual Participatory Action Research and Tiny Publics

Abstract Remake Bodony is a documentary film, which was collaboratively developed by the inhabitants of Siklósbodony, Hungary in 2017. The article presents an account of the film production process as an organic continuation of two prior participatory visual arts workshops using photovoice and community mural painting. The reconstruction adopts a methodological lens and interprets these participatory activities as three stages of a visual participatory action research project. Three analytic dimensions are introduced: methodological configuration, “tiny publics” (Fine 2012), and the participants’ emerging research questions – to produce an account of the collective thought process occurring in the course of filmmaking.1

Bubble floatation, burst, drainage, and droplet release characteristics on a free surface: A review

The phenomenon of a bubble bursting to generate droplets exists in industrial and environmental systems and has a subtle impact on our daily lives. A bubble generated by gas injection or heating rises to the free surface and undergoes floating, drainage, and eventually bursting processes to produce film and jet droplets. The interrelated processes make it difficult to understand the characteristics of a bubble burst. Thus, a summary of the individual stages of a single bubble from generation to burst is necessary. First, we describe the calculation method and simple expressions for the shape of a bubble floating on a free surface. Next, we discuss the bubble drainage model and its influencing factors as this directly determines the time evolution of the film thickness. As an essential factor that affects the film thickness, the bubble drainage time is defined as the bubble lifetime. We compare the bubble lifetime distributions in the published literature and explore the associated influencing factors. Then, we investigate the bubble bursting dynamics and focus on the bubble film opening process once a hole appears on its surface. As a legacy of bubble burst, we explore the production process, size, and number of film and jet droplets. Finally, we discuss the enrichment phenomenon and the enrichment factors of film and jet droplets when releasing particles entrained by droplets. This review considers a series of processes for bubble burst to generate droplets and concentrates on the mechanism and experimental correlations with a summary and future prospects.

영화 시나리오 분석을 통한 색 이미지의 중요성에 대한 연구

The image in the movie is strongly influenced by the element of color. Through the digital color correction process, colors can be used to highlight the emotional atmosphere and story according to the theme intended for directing. Therefore, a study was conducted to find out the role and how the image of color plays through digital color correction during the short film production process. Through the short films <Jeonghee> and <Humanity's Last Movie>, the images and symbols reminiscent of colors in the film can help understand the overall mood and narrative of the film, and play a major role in conveying the director's theme or intention when setting the direction of color correction according to the narrative structure. It builds a color image of the movie based on the genre, narrative, and character analysis of the movie. After setting the associated image of color in character-oriented and event-oriented films, and figuring out whether it is set to fit the narrative of the film, we want to see if the image of color affects the subject of the director.

Analisis Semiotik terhadap Kebebasan Berpendapat di Film Aum!

Movies depict the reality in which they are made. Movies can be used as a medium of communication from the filmmaker to convey messages in the form of ideas, thoughts or concerns about a particular matter. Director Bambang Kuntara Murti's from film call “Aum!” tells the story of the challenges experienced by independent filmmakers who went through the film production process during the “Orde Baru” era. This research uses a qualitative approach with the semiotic method of Roland Barthes, aiming to see how nationalism and freedom of speech during the early reformation period in the movie entitled “Aum!”. The results of this study show the efforts of the characters in the film, which is how activists tried to convey criticism of the new order government through a work of a film. The films they made were a form of the struggle of young people at that time to convey their voices and criticize the policies of the authorities. Movies became a medium to convey resistance to oppressive rulers. This movie with drama and action genres also educates the public that how to show the value of nationalism can be in any way according to their respective creativity.
 Keywords: films, Freedom of Speech, Nationalism, Semiotic

Structural, Optical, Electric and Magnetic Characteristics of (In1-xGdx)2O3 Films for Optoelectronics.

After (In1-xGdx)2O3 powder with a wide x range of 0 to 10 at.% was chemically produced, (In1-xGdx)2O3 thin films were evaporated under ultra-vacuum using an electron beam apparatus. We investigated the influence of the Gd doping concentration on the magnetic, optical, electrical, and structural properties of the resultant In2O3 deposits. The produced Gd-doped In2O3 films have a cubic In2O3 structure without a secondary phase, as shown by the X-ray diffraction results. Additionally, the chemical analysis revealed that the films are nearly stoichiometric. A three-layer model reproduced the spectroscopic ellipsometer readings to determine the optical parameters and energy gap. The Egopt changed toward the lower wavelength with growing the Gd doping in (In1-xGdx)2O3 films. The Egopt in the (In1-xGdx)2O3 films was observed to increase from 3.22 to 3.45 eV when the Gd concentration climbed. Both carrier concentration and hall mobility were found during the Hall effect studies. It was possible to construct the heterojunction of Ni (Al)/n-(In1-xGdx)2O3/p-Si/Al. At voltages between -2 and 2 volts, investigations into the dark (cutting-edge-voltage) characteristics of the produced heterojunctions were made. The oxygen vacancies and cationic defects in the lattice caused by the uncompensated cationic charges resulted in significant magnetism and ferromagnetic behavior in the undoped In2O3 films. The (In1-xGdx)2O3 films, however, displayed faint ferromagnetism. The ferromagnetism seen in the (In1-xGdx)2O3 films was caused by oxygen vacancies formed during the vacuum film production process. Metal cations created ferromagnetic exchange interactions by snatching free electrons in oxygen.

The organic integration of the core values of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the appreciation of film and television public service advertisements

In recent years, the Ministry of Education has issued the Guidelines for the Ideological and Political Construction of Higher Education Courses. Therefore, the teachers of film and television public service advertisements should strive to explore the organic integration of the core values of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the appreciation of film and television public service advertisements. The combination of the core values of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the appreciation of film and television public service advertisements can better help students understand the production process and evaluation criteria of China's film and television public service advertisements, Students are encouraged to practice the core values of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the form of film and television public service advertisements. Film and television public service advertising plays an indispensable role in helping people establish the core values of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Therefore, this lesson will take friendliness and civilization as an example to deeply describe the organic integration of the core values of socialism with Chinese characteristics and film and television public service advertising.

Processing and Characterization of Polypropylene Nanocomposite Films Reinforced with Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanosheets

In this study, we synthesized hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (h-BNN) via the molten hydroxide exfoliation method which results in small flakes and nanoscrolls. The resultant h-BNNs can be dispersed in various solvents such as water, ethanol, and acetone, and form a stable dispersion. The morphological and structural analysis of h-BNNs were performed with Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The masterbatch (MB) method was used to incorporate the h-BNNs into the polypropylene (PP) matrix via melt mixing. Dilution and film production processes were performed using a twin screw extruder. Nanocomposite films having an h-BNN weight ratio of 1%, 2%, 3%, and 5% were prepared. Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to investigate the thermal stability. Crystallization (Tc) temperatures were increased with the increased amount of h-BNNs and h-BNNs nucleating agent behavior on the PP crystallization was observed. Oxidation induction time (OIT) of the pure PP was increased from 8.84 min to 17.82 min. The results show a considerable effect of the h-BNN content on the thermo-oxidative stability of the nanocomposites studied. The rheological and mechanical properties of the PP-hBNN nanocomposite films were also determined depending on the particle loading ratio. Optimum particle content providing the best thermal, mechanical, and rheological properties were found to be 3% wt.

Strategi Komunikasi Pemasaran Terpadu pada Pada Promosi Film Nanti Kita Cerita Tentang Hari Ini

Film has developed into a medium of expression that has commercial value. Film also has the function of mass media, namely to entertain audiences or viewers. Behind the signs of progress and the current national film industry, there are still gaps and ups and downs in its growth. There are a number of problems that are still found in the film production process. To overcome this problem in the production of a film, a promotional strategy is needed to disseminate information widely regarding the publication of films that have been produced. The purpose of this study is to find out the integrated marketing communication strategy in the film "Later We Tell About Today". The results found were an integrated marketing communication strategy used by the production team in the film Nanti Kita Cerita tentang Hari Ini through four ways: advertising, promotion, public relations and personal selling. The advertising strategy for films is carried out though the use of Instagram and YouTube media in the form of photos and videos posted on the official social media of NKCTHI and Visinema Pictures. The photos and videos posted include: updates on the number of viewers, movie trailers, short movie clips, behind the scenes videos, audience reviews and so on. The promotion strategy is holding quizzes with prizes, giveaways, and ticket discounts for the audience. The public relations strategy is to hold media visits with various local and national radio mass media, and hold press conferences in collaboration with print and online media prior to the official showing of the film. Personal selling strategy, namely by holding meet and great events, with the spectators, as well as fans or fans of the cast of NKCTHI.

Cost-effective screen printing approach for Ce/Nd-doped ZnAl2O4 films: tuning crystallinity induced by the substrate.

Near-infrared (NIR) emitting phosphors are currently receiving considerable attention owing to their high demand in various applications, such as light detection and ranging (LiDAR), short-range communications, security, biosensing and night vision lighting applications. The miniaturization of photonic components demands the integration of thin films into exploitable devices. In this context, NIR emitting ZnAl2O4:Ce/Nd films of hundreds of nanometer thickness are synthesized using a scalable and cost-efficient approach to screen printing. Cerium co-doping is responsible for the Nd emission in the NIR through energy transfer by exciting the films under UV excitation at around 360 nm. Through the proper design of ink, dense Nd/Ce doped ZnAl2O4 ceramic films were produced using polycrystalline alumina. The use of polycrystalline alumina substrates opens up new opportunities because this ceramic is a cheap and well-known substrate for optoelectronic packaging. During manufacturing, as a direct effect of predominant crystal growth over the polycrystalline alumina substrate, an increase in emission intensity is achieved. The results obtained by X-ray photoelectron (XPS) and X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) serve to determine the oxidation state of Ce. The findings of this study indicate that a higher concentration of Ce4+ promotes NIR emission. This study may contribute to a better understanding of film production processes of films based on the ZnAl2O4 matrix and guide future studies on films for NIR emitters.

XR Workflows in Film Production: Demonstration for Educational Purposes

The use of the XR production technologies has expanded recently in the film industry and heavily influenced the film production process. This paper aims therefore to explore the differences between diverse XR production workflows. The analysis provides criteria for workflow paths of traditional approach to film production and XR production flow, including workflow structure, skills, education, and equipment. Defined XR techniques are discussed for educational purposes. Its illustrations are three case studies of cinematic VR production, computer-generated VR production and Virtual Production. They are the basis for workflow comparison and discussion on artistic decisions and production challenges for film related Higher Education Institutions (HEI) students and scholars.

Quantifying the environmental benefits of a solvent-based separation process for multilayer plastic films

The STRAP process can provide environmental benefits over the virgin film production process. We identified the polymers and process units that have the highest environmental impact.