Film Production Research Articles

The Analysis of Surreal Space’s Expression in Science Fiction Films: A Case Study of Interstellar

This research analyzes surreal space expression in science fiction films, using Interstellar as a case study. The study aims to identify the expression forms and visual effects of surreal space in science fiction films and to summarize the underlying scientific principles, aesthetic principles, and audience psychological interaction. The findings of this research will contribute to the improvement and industrial development of science fiction film scene design. By proposing instructions that combine scientific theories and physical space design, the study aims to address the issues of immature theories of surreal spatial constructions in science fiction films. The guidance provided will help enhance the quality of science fiction film productions.

Metal Nanocomposites Reinforced by Ceramic Nanoarchitecture: Exploiting Extrinsic Size Effects for High Mechanical Strength.

The pursuit of harnessing superior mechanical properties achieved through the size effect on a macroscopic scale has been a prominent focus in engineering, as size-induced strengthening is enabled only in the nanoscale regime. This study presents a metal/ceramic/metal (MCM) nanocomposite reinforced by ceramic nanoarchitectures. Through proximity-field nanopatterning, the inch-scale production of nanoarchitecture films is enabled in a single fabrication step. The developed three-dimensional (3D) Ni/Al2O3/Ni nanocomposite film exhibits significantly high compressive strength, corresponding to an increase of approximately 30% compared with that calculated using the upper limits of the conventional rule of mixtures. The exceptional strength of the 3D MCM nanocomposite can be attributed to the extrinsic size effect of the ceramic nanoarchitectures. By combining size-induced strengthening of ceramics with the strengthening law for composites, a new type of strengthening model is derived and experimentally validated using the 3D MCM nanocomposite.

Homelessness During the Pandemic: The Use of Arts to Mobilize Knowledge

The following is a review of three arts-based research projects developed to mobilize knowledge in understandable ways for diverse populations regarding the stories of people who are homeless. All three projects were carried out in Canada – each with a different focus. The first research project created a film – Walking Through Wonderland (2010) - that captured the daily lived experiences of many street youths, such as being unable to find places to sleep, as well as not having food, or access to health care and social services, particularly for mental health care. Additionally, the film highlighted that many youths had become homeless because of major family trauma. The second research project created a Book of Images (2018) that visually portrayed the stories regarding housing stability among young people – in Halifax, Nova Scotia, and Toronto, Ontario – who had previously experienced homelessness. The third research project created an arts-based film production, Homelessness During the Pandemic (2022), with visual images and classical, almost haunting, music for the background to illustrate the experiences of homelessness during the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) in two communities of Nova Scotia –Cape Breton Regional Municipality (CBRM) and Halifax Regional Municipality (HRM).

The Impact of Streaming Platforms on Hollywood Film Financing: A Financial and Data-Driven Analysis of Disruptions and Strategies in the New Media Landscape

The rapid rise of streaming platforms such as Netflix and Disney+ has fundamentally disrupted traditional Hollywood film financing models. This paper examines the financial impacts of these platforms on Hollywood's established funding mechanisms, highlighting how they have reshaped revenue streams, investment patterns, and risk management strategies. By leveraging data analytics and financial modelling, this study explores how traditional studios and new media companies have adapted their financing strategies to align with the evolving digital landscape. Additionally, the paper delves into the implications of these shifts for future film production and distribution, offering insights into how data-driven decision-making increasingly influences investment choices in the entertainment industry. Through a comprehensive analysis, this research provides a deeper understanding of the interplay between technology and finance in shaping the future of Hollywood.

Evaluating the Role of Psychological Factors in Enhancing Film Production Imagination

Film production is the process of creating a film, involving stages such as progress, pre-production, invention, post-production, and sharing. It encompasses planning, scripting, shooting, editing, and finalizing the film for public viewing. The process of imagination drives innovation in scripting, directing, and cinematography, resulting in unique, engaging experiences that captivate audiences with their emotive stories. The principle of this investigation is to assess how psychological factors add to enhancing imagination in film production, focusing on their impact on creative processes and outcomes. A study surveyed 680 students from college film program students to analyze their creative personality and imaginative capabilities using structured questionnaires. Key psychological constructs included Creative Self-Efficacy, Emotional Resilience, Cognitive Flexibility, and Intrinsic Motivation. The study investigated the impact of psychological factors on college cinema students' creative imagination in filmmaking, demonstrating high validity and reliability with Factor Loadings exceeding 0.76, Composite Reliability higher than 0.88, and Average Variance Extracted (AVE) range as of 0.59 to 0.67. Discriminant validity was confirmed as every construct AVE was better than its square correlations by other constructs. Psychological factors significantly influence film production imagination, fostering creative thinking and emotional depth. Understanding and harnessing these factors enhances storytelling, character development, and audience engagement, ultimately enriching the cinematic experience.

The Impact of Gender Perceptions on Attitudes towards Violence and Equality

Film production is the process of creating a film, involving stages such as progress, pre-production, invention, post-production, and sharing. It encompasses planning, scripting, shooting, editing, and finalizing the film for public viewing. The process of imagination drives innovation in scripting, directing, and cinematography, resulting in unique, engaging experiences that captivate audiences with their emotive stories. The principle of this investigation is to assess how psychological factors add to enhancing imagination in film production, focusing on their impact on creative processes and outcomes. A study surveyed 680 students from college film program students to analyze their creative personality and imaginative capabilities using structured questionnaires. Key psychological constructs included Creative Self-Efficacy, Emotional Resilience, Cognitive Flexibility, and Intrinsic Motivation. The study investigated the impact of psychological factors on college cinema students' creative imagination in filmmaking, demonstrating high validity and reliability with Factor Loadings exceeding 0.76, Composite Reliability higher than 0.88, and Average Variance Extracted (AVE) range as of 0.59 to 0.67. Discriminant validity was confirmed as every construct AVE was better than its square correlations by other constructs. Psychological factors significantly influence film production imagination, fostering creative thinking and emotional depth. Understanding and harnessing these factors enhances storytelling, character development, and audience engagement, ultimately enriching the cinematic experience.

Production of Thermoplastic Starch-Aloe Vera Gel Film Embedded with Polyethylene for Improved Tensile Strength and Water Absorption

The water absorption characteristics of thermoplastic starch (TPS) reveal its ability to interact with and absorb water, influencing its overall performance in various applications. The introduction of aloe vera (AV) gel into the TPS polymeric matrix film has proven beneficial in enhancing tensile strength but a notable deficiency is observed in lowering water absorption percentage. Therefore, this paper aims to reduce the water absorption of the TPS30AV polymer matrix film by utilizing polyethylene (PE) without reducing the tensile strength performance of the TPS30AV film. The TPS30AV film was produced using melt-blending and hot-press techniques. Six samples were presented consisting of a control film (TPS30AV) and TPS30AV film with different concentrations of PE resins (5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%). The film's performance was assessed by examining its mechanical properties, water absorption, and water solubility. The finding shows that TPS30AV with 40% PE has the highest improvement in water absorption percentage which reduces from 309.86% to 34.16% but a tremendous decrement in tensile strength performance. However, TPS30AV with 10% PE has the highest tensile strength, 9.65 MPa with a 20.99% improvement in water absorption reduction. The properties obtained for TPS30AV10PE were also good inYoung's modulus and water solubility percentage. It shows that the film formulated is comparable with previous studies, and improvement has been achieved. As a conclusion, adding PE improved the polymeric structure of TPS30AV and can be used as a biodegradable food-packaging film.

Influence of sulfurization temperature on grain growth in Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films synthesized for solar cell applications

Copper-zinc-tin-sulfur (CZTS) thin films, prepared through a dip-coating solution method, present a highly attractive option as absorber materials for thin-film solar cells. This is due to their affordability, environmentally friendly composition, and abundant availability of raw materials. Although films processed with hydrazine-based solutions have achieved the highest efficiency of approximately 12.6%, the toxic and carcinogenic nature of hydrazine negates these advantages. In the ongoing global research on solution-based processing methods, the size of the grains has emerged as a critical factor in the fabrication of efficient solar cells. In our study, we have successfully prepared CZTS thin films with a pure kesterite phase, characterized by large micro-sized grains, using a dip-coating process with an ethanol-based precursor solution, followed by sulfurization. We investigated how the grain size evolves with varying sulfurization temperatures. Notably, we observed that increasing the temperature led to larger and more uniform grain growth. These results underscore the potential of our approach for the straightforward production of high-quality films with sizable grains, ultimately enhancing their photosensitivity and making them a promising candidate for efficient solar cell applications.

Development of multilayer composite film based on protein‐polysaccharides with the addition of onion waste extracts and their impact on the shallot quality

AbstractAt present, multilayer composite film is attractive in the production of biodegradable films due to its essential film properties. The current study mainly focused on overcoming the problems of poor water barrier and mechanical strength observed in monolayer films (SA‐CMC and G/SA‐CMC) made from gluten (G), sodium alginate (SA), and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). The film was developed with the addition of onion waste extracts (OWEs), primarily from peel and stalk, to enhance functional properties. The multilayer composite film consists of three layers: an outer layer made of G, an inner layer made of SA, CMC, and a middle layer made of G/SA‐CMC. The developed composite film exhibited improved physical properties (thickness: 0.348–0.629 mm and moisture: 20.889%–21.403%), mechanical properties (tensile strength: 21.943–20.640 MPa), and barrier properties (WVP: 0.212–0.516 g/m.s.Pa × 10−14) compared to monolayer films (SA‐CMC and G/SA‐CMC). The addition of OWEs enhanced the multilayer film's phenolic (20.076 and 36.175 mgGAE/g) and antioxidant activity (73.850% and 42.667%). The study found that the multilayer control film had minimal changes in weight loss (9.75% ± 0.18%) and firmness (6.68 ± 0.64 N) compared to OWEs‐added films (9.93% ± 0.49–10.02% ± 0.14% and 6.61 ± 0.37 to 6.64 ± 0.18 N). However, fresh‐peeled shallot onion packed with control film exhibited higher bacterial counts (6.70 ± 0.42 CFU/g) and yeast and mold counts (5.08 ± 0.20 CFU/g) than those packed with the OWEs‐added film (6.49 ± 0.28–6.56 ± 0.27 CFU/g and 4.75 ± 0.18–4.89 ± 0.21 CFU/g), indicating that OWEs protect the onions from microbial degradation. Overall, the multilayer control film (without OWEs) showed better results for storing the fresh‐peeled shallot onion at 4°C for 21 days.Highlights Onion waste extracts have potent high antioxidant and antimicrobial properties Multilayer film's physical, mechanical, barrier, and functional properties improved Addition of onion waste extracts increased the film's antimicrobial activity Control film showed a better effect for storing fresh‐peeled shallot onion Developed film can store fresh‐peeled shallot onion for 21 days at 4°C.

Sandwich-structured polymer dielectrics exhibiting significantly improved capacitive performance at high temperatures by roll-to-roll physical vapor deposition

Electrostatic capacitors with ultrahigh power density are the key components in modern electrical and electronic systems. Polymers are preferred dielectrics for high-voltage electrostatic capacitors, however, unable to meet the ever-growing high-temperature requirements in emerging applications, such as electric vehicles, and photovoltaic power generation. In this work, sandwich-structured Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) films with Al2O3 as the coating layer have been prepared by using roll-to-roll magnetron sputtering. The incorporation of Al2O3 coating layers enhances the potential barrier height at the electrode/dielectric interface, thereby impeding charge injection from electrodes and suppressing high-temperature electrical conduction. Consequently, the sandwich-structured PPS films demonstrate significantly improved breakdown strengths and enhanced capacitive performance at elevated temperatures compared to neat PPS films. The roll-to-roll magnetron sputtering process employed in fabricating these sandwich-structured dielectric films is highly compatible with large-scale capacitor film production. Thus, sandwich-structured PPS films hold promise in addressing the challenge of scalable fabrication of high-performance, high-quality polymer films required for high-temperature capacitive energy storage.

Enhancement the performance of MAPbI3 perovskite solar cells via germanium sulfide doping

In this study, we successfully doped Germanium sulfide (GeS) particles in methylammonium lead triiodide (CH3NH3PbI3) films to create highly efficient inverted perovskite solar cells (PSC). Various characterization methodologies were employed to examine the impact of GeS on the morphological, structural, and compositional properties of the CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite. The X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy analyses of the synthesized products demonstrated that the crystallinity was enhanced, and tetragonal perovskite structures were generated without any impurities when GeS was used at a high concentration. The surface morphology results indicated that the CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite possessed thin coatings with compact, uniform, and smooth surfaces, with large grain size. The production of a high-quality CH3NH3PbI3 film from the CH3NH3PbI3: GeS phase results in improved carrier lifetime, decreased charge-trap density, and nonradiative recombination of the perovskite films. Band gap was observed to be correlated with grain size and crystallinity, which was accompanied by an increase in GeS concentration. We attained a maximum conversion efficiency of 17.46 % by fabricating solar cells with the following structure: soda-lime glass FTO/TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3: GeS/spiro-oMeTAD/Au. Based on our findings, we believe that the doping of GeS is a promising method for improving the properties of perovskite solar cells that are based on CH3NH3PbI3 thin films.

Direct Growth of Wafer-Scale Self-Separated GaN on Reusable 2D Material Substrates.

Free-standing gallium nitride has been prepared using various methods; however, the removal of the original substrate is still challenging with low success rates. In this work, 2-inch free-standing GaN films are obtained by direct growth on a fluoro phlogopite mica by hydride vapor-phase epitaxy. Depending on the van der Waals (vdW) interaction between GaN and mica, the effect of the significant lattice mismatch is effectively reduced; thus, enabling the production of a high-quality wafer-scale GaN film on mica. The vdW-induced cracks at GaN-mica interface are found to be initiated near the interface so that GaN can easily separate from mica during rapid cooling. Owing to the hydrophilic nature of mica, the residual GaN on the mica can be lifted off by following deionized water treatment, and the mica substrate can be repeatedly used to grow free-standing GaN films. The self-separated GaN films grown on both pristine and used mica substrates are single crystallinity and strain-free. Additionally, a fully functional ultraviolet light-emitting diode is demonstrated to show that the self-separated GaN films are of device quality. The proposed approach achieves epitaxial growth of wafer-scale single-crystalline GaN on 2D materials and provides a new substrate option in the technology of III-V materials.

Sustainable Biopolymer Composites From Perlite, Plasticized and Unplasticized Poly(Lactic Acid)

In recent years, ecological pollution has reached critical levels and that has been experienced as climate change by all living organisms. Slowing down the negative effects of climate change depends on changing our consumption behavior. Based on that, people tend to prefer more environmentally friendly, sustainable raw materials, products and processes. Since polymers are one of the most widely used raw materials in the world, any improvement regarding their recycling or biodegradation process can significantly reduce the damage to nature. Considering this fact, manufacturers are taking initiatives to develop such products in line with the demand from consumers. As known, Poly(lactic acid) (PLA), one of the most consumed biodegradable polymers in the market, however there are various problems especially in film production due to its rigid structure. Plasticization is the easiest route to minimize this disadvantage. The aim of this study is to produce and characterize PLA composites with increased flexibility by using sustainable natural materials. In this context, glycerol-plasticized PLA and unplasticized PLA composites were prepared using perlite, a natural additive, and their morphological, thermal, and mechanical properties were investigated.

Research on the Cultural Inheritance and Information Protection of Qinhuai Lanterns from the Perspective of Intangible Cultural Heritage

Qinhuai lanterns are a characteristic cultural activity in Nanjing and a well-known intangible cultural heritage in China, this study deeply analyzes the cultural value of Qinhuai lanterns from the perspective of intangible cultural heritage, and discusses its cultural inheritance and information protection strategy in the context of the new era. Through a detailed analysis of the historical, artistic, social, and educational values of Qinhuai lanterns, this paper proposes protection measures such as the development of inheritance and promotion platforms, the production of film and television media works, the establishment of digital resource libraries, and the strengthening of international cultural exchanges. As a treasure of traditional Chinese culture, the inheritance and protection of Qinhuai lanterns are of great significance for maintaining cultural diversity, promoting social development and enhancing national self-confidence. The purpose of this paper is to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the protection and development of Qinhuai lanterns, and to promote their new vitality and vitality in the context of the new era.

An Optimized Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis Device for The Production of Metal Oxide Films and Their Morfology

In this work, we developed an optimized ultrasonic spray pyrolysis device for obtaining metal oxide films. The key benefit of this facility lies in its cost-effectiveness and its ability to consistently coat extensive surfaces without sacrificing the integrity of the semi-conductive films, thus streamlining the manufacturing process of semiconductor films. The resulting films exhibit the following attributes: the thickness of the deposited layer is approximately 400 nm, while the diameters of ZnO1-xSx nanocrystals range from 50 to 200 nm, oriented perpendicular to the crystallographic orientation (111). In the production of nanorods, the average height is estimated to be approximately 30-50 nm, with a density of 2.9×10¹¹ cm⁻² being indicated.

Controllable Crystallization of Perovskite Films during the Blade-Coating Fabrication Process for Efficient and Stable Solar Cells

The scalable production of high-quality perovskite thin films is pivotal for the industrialization of perovskite thin film solar cells. Consequently, the solvent system employed for the fabrication of large-area perovskite films via coating processes has attracted significant attention. In this study, a solvent system utilizing a volatile solvent as the primary reagent has been developed to facilitate the rapid nucleation of volatile compounds. While adding the liquid Lewis base dimethylformamide (DMF) can help to improve the microstructure of perovskite films, its slow volatilization renders the crystal growth process uncontrollable. Based on the solvent system containing DMF and ethanol (EtOH), introducing a small amount of NH4Cl increases the proportion of the intermediate phase in the precursor films. This not only results in a controllable growth process for the perovskite crystals but also contributes to the improvement of the film microstructure. Under the simulated illumination (AM1.5, 1000 W/m2), the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of the inverted solar cells has been improved to 20.12%. Furthermore, after 500 hours of continuous illumination, the photovoltaic device can retain 95.6 % of the initial, indicating that the solvent system is suitable for the scalable fabrication of high-quality FAPbI3 thin films.

Проблематика информационного шума в контексте современного кинематографа

The article is devoted to the study of the ‘information noise’ phenomenon in the context of modern cinema. As a comprehensive art form, cinema in the current era confronts this multifaceted issue. This study critically analyses the concept of information noise scrutinizing its manifestations across diverse cultural and social contexts. The author highlights various dimensions of information noise and assesses its impact on the perception and interpretation of cinematic productions, encompassing aspects like historical authenticity, value stereotyping, the preservation or substitution of core ideas, censorship influence, narrative complexity, and verbal imperfections. The article also addresses the current state of scientific development of the topic under study. It underscores people’s limitations in processing information and how perception is influenced by their socio-cultural origins. The necessity for a standardized approach to identify characteristics of information noise in film production is also emphasized.

Working Musicians: Labor and Creativity in Film and Television Production by Timothy D. Taylor (review)

Working Musicians: Labor and Creativity in Film and Television Production by Timothy D. Taylor (review)

Advanced Defect Detection in Wrap Film Products: A Hybrid Approach with Convolutional Neural Networks and One-Class Support Vector Machines with Variational Autoencoder-Derived Covariance Vectors

This study proposes a novel approach that utilizes Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Support Vector Machines (SVMs) to tackle a critical challenge: detecting defects in wrapped film products. With their delicate and reflective film wound around a core material, these products present formidable hurdles for conventional visual inspection systems. The complex task of identifying defects, such as unwound or protruding areas, remains a daunting endeavor. Despite the power of commercial image recognition systems, they struggle to capture anomalies within wrap film products. Our research methodology achieved a 90% defect detection accuracy, establishing its practical significance compared with existing methods. We introduce a pioneering methodology centered on covariance vectors extracted from latent variables, a product of a Variational Autoencoder (VAE). These covariance vectors serve as feature vectors for training a specialized One-Class SVM (OCSVM), a key component of our approach. Unlike conventional practices, our OCSVM does not require images containing defects for training; it uses defect-free images, thus circumventing the challenge of acquiring sufficient defect samples. We compare our methodology against feature vectors derived from the fully connected layers of established CNN models, AlexNet and VGG19, offering a comprehensive benchmarking perspective. Our research represents a significant advancement in defect detection technology. By harnessing the latent variable covariance vectors from a VAE encoder, our approach provides a unique solution to the challenges faced by commercial image recognition systems. These advancements in our study have the potential to revolutionize quality control mechanisms within manufacturing industries, offering a brighter future for product integrity and customer satisfaction.

Poetics and Aesthetics, Analog and Digital

This article is the result of a case study based on the methodological procedures of a focus group carried out with Cinema students, in São Paulo, in May 2024. The study selected a sample of six Cinema students, young people with more than half of the course degree already completed, therefore with some knowledge and practice of film production and with some repertoire of appreciation of cinematographic techniques and discourses. The primary purpose of the Study was to investigate whether these students would aesthetically perceive the language resources used in the poetic construction of director of photography Mike Gioulakis in the film Night Shyamalan’s Old. There were two language resources: the use of analogue cameras and celluloid film to capture the film's images. Based on the premise that the majority of students would watch the film on digital devices, there was a possibility that the language resources would not be completely grasped. As the premise turned out to be true, the Study resulted in important findings and even more important questions.