Laminate Film Research Articles

Improving the repetitive washing and abrasion resistance properties of fabrics produced with metallized yarns

Metallized yarns have become an integral part of fashion because they give extra sheen to garments and an inimitable appearance to fabrics, making them special yarns. However, because of repetitive washing and abrasions, the metallic part of the yarn in the fabric is removed and the fabric loses its brightness and becomes transparent. This study aims to solve this issue by searching for high-quality metallized yarn production methods to eliminate problems during usage. In the experimental part of the study, eight different types of metallized films were produced using the lamination technique with two kinds of adhesives. Non-laminated metallized polyester films were used as a reference to understand the effectiveness of the lamination process. Metallized yarns were produced from laminated metallized films by using standard production parameters. After producing nine different types of metallized yarns, monotype knitted fabrics were then from these yarns. Yarn’s basic properties and fabric’s mechanical properties were then measured to compare the effect of the thin film type, lamination process and adhesive type effect on these properties. The test results showed that the lamination technique significantly improves the resistance of the repetitive washing process and the abrasion property of fabrics. The best results were obtained with polypropylene thin films. However, they had a higher friction coefficient and a harder handle property than polyester films. When using a thinner polypropylene film, this problem could be eliminated, and the yarns could be an important alternative choice for commercially producing metallized yarns in the future.

Insect-repellent activity of PET-based film with star anise essential oil and its pilot-scale production for food packaging

Abstract This study developed an insect-repellent film incorporated with star anise essential oil (SAEO). The insect-repellent emulsion coating (IEC) was applied to a base layer of polyethylene terephthalate. To control the rate of SAEO released from the IEC, three types of laminate film with different gas transmission rates were used, including low-density polyethylene film, polypropylene film of 20-μm thickness, and polypropylene film of 30-μm thickness (PP30). When prepared at a laboratory-scale, the PP30 proved the most efficacious in providing long-lasting insect-repellent activity and the sensory attributes of the PP30 were not significantly different (p > 0.05) from those of the control film (i.e., without the IEC layer). Therefore, the PP30 selected for further analysis. The active film was then manufactured at a pilot-scale using a rotogravure printing press, and its mechanical and optical properties were evaluated. Although the active film had a similar appearance with the control film to the naked eye, the active film had relatively lower tensile strength and elongation at break values, and it was less transparent with a more reddish color. Finally, the active film was applied as bread packaging, and the results suggested that as a food packaging material, the film showed excellent insect-repellent activity. Therefore, the developed active film in the pilot-scale has applicability to a real food system.

Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Device for Histidine Determination.

A laminated paper-based analytical device (LPAD) for histidine detection was fabricated from a chromatography filtration paper and laminate films. Histidine recognition was effected by histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HisRS), and its detection was signaled colorimetrically based on the molybdenum blue reaction. The analytical conditions and detectable concentration range of histidine were examined. The method provided selective quantification from 1 to 100μM histidine. LPAD fabrication is considerably simple, involving only the craft-cutting of the chromatography filtration paper and laminate film, and is cost-effective.

Development and Assessment of Duplex and Triplex Laminated Edible Films Using Whey Protein Isolate, Gelatin and Sodium Alginate.

The objective of this study was to assess the ability of producing laminated edible films manufactured using the following proteins; gelatin (G), whey protein isolate (WPI) and polysaccharide sodium alginate (SA), and to evaluate their physical properties. Additionally, films’ preparation employing these ingredients was optimized through the addition of corn oil (O). Overall, 8-types of laminated films (G-SA, G-WPI, SA-WPI, SA-G-WPI, GO-SAO, GO-WPIO, SAO-WPIO and SAO-GO-WPIO) were developed in this study. The properties of the prepared films were characterized through the measurement of tensile strength (TS), elongation at break point (EB), puncture resistance (PR), tear strength (TT), water vapour permeability (WVP) and oxygen permeability (OP). The microstructure of cross-sections of laminated films was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mechanical properties of films were dramatically enhanced through the addition of film layers. GO-SAO laminate showed the best barrier properties to water vapour (22.6 ± 4.04 g mm/kPa d m2) and oxygen (18.2 ± 8.70 cm3 mm/kPa d m2). SAO-GO-WPIO laminate film was the strongest of all laminated films tested, having the highest TS of 55.77 MPa, PR of 41.36 N and TT of 27.32 N. SA-G-WPI film possessed the highest elasticity with an EB value of 17.4%.

Enhancement of interfacial adhesion and engineering properties of polyvinyl alcohol/polylactic acid laminate films filled with modified microfibrillated cellulose

This work was done to improve the interfacial adhesion and engineering performance of polyvinyl alcohol/polylactic acid laminate film by altering the polyvinyl alcohol phase surface properties via incorporating microfibrillated cellulose modified by propionylation. Incorporating the modified microfibrillated cellulose into polyvinyl alcohol film improved adhesion between film layers during the laminating process. Improved peel strength and tensile properties confirmed that modified microfibrillated cellulose can produce better bonding between polyvinyl alcohol and polylactic acid via mechanical interlocking and cohesive forces at the film interface. Modified microfibrillated cellulose (3 wt%) increased the peel strength by 40% comparing with the neat polyvinyl alcohol/polylactic acid laminate film.The reduction of both moisture absorption and diffusion rate of the modified microfibrillated cellulose–polyvinyl alcohol/polylactic acid to 20 and 23%, respectively, also indicated that the modified microfibrillated cellulose could inhibit moisture permeation across the film. This was because the modified microfibrillated cellulose is hydrophobic. Furthermore, the addition of modified microfibrillated cellulose also increased the decomposition temperature of the laminate film up to 10% as observed at 20% of remaining weight, while the storage modulus substantially increasing to 72% relative to the neat laminate film.The superior interfacial adhesion between the polylactic acid and modified microfibrillated cellulose–polyvinyl alcohol layers, observed by scanning electron microscopy, confirmed the improved compatibility between the polyvinyl alcohol and polylactic acid phases.

Author Correction: Tuning the interlayer spacing of graphene laminate films for efficient pore utilization towards compact capacitive energy storage

Author Correction: Tuning the interlayer spacing of graphene laminate films for efficient pore utilization towards compact capacitive energy storage

Tuning the interlayer spacing of graphene laminate films for efficient pore utilization towards compact capacitive energy storage

Supercapacitors have shown extraordinary promise for miniaturized electronics and electric vehicles, but are usually limited by electrodes with rather low volumetric performance, which is largely due to the inefficient utilization of pores in charge storage. Herein, we design a freestanding graphene laminate film electrode with highly efficient pore utilization for compact capacitive energy storage. The interlayer spacing of this film can be precisely adjusted, which enables a tunable porosity. By systematically tailoring the pore size for the electrolyte ions, pores are utilized optimally and thereby the volumetric capacitance is maximized. Consequently, the fabricated supercapacitor delivers a stack volumetric energy density of 88.1 Wh l−1 in an ionic liquid electrolyte, representing a critical breakthrough for optimizing the porosity towards compact energy storage. Moreover, the optimized film electrode is assembled into an ionogel-based, all-solid-state, flexible smart device with multiple optional outputs and superior stability, demonstrating enormous potential as a portable power supply in practical applications. The volumetric performance of supercapacitors needs to be improved, but the usual trade-off between porosity and density is a problem. Here the authors develop a graphene laminate film with tunable porosity that leads to a volumetric energy density of 88.1 Wh l−1 at the device level.

A Process Optimization and Performance Study of Environmentally Friendly Waste Newspaper/Polypropylene Film Layered Composites.

Waste newspaper are currently used in a single way and have low utilization rates. In this paper, the optimal process of preparing environmentally friendly layered composites by using waste newspaper combined with polypropylene film lamination was studied. The effects of hot-pressing temperature, hot-pressing time and paper content on the properties of the composites were analyzed. The results showed that under the process conditions of hot-pressing temperature 180 °C, compression time 20 min and paper content 66.7%, the obtained composite material had a flexural strength of 126 MPa, a tensile strength of 95 MPa, an impact strength of 5.3 kJ/m2 and a water absorption thickness expansion ratio of 3.2%. Tensile performance increased by 164% compared to the original waste newspaper. Compared to our previous work, the hot processing time had been cut in half and costs were lower. In terms of creep properties, the unrecoverable strain rate was reduced by 57.5% compared to pure polypropylene. The results show that the material can maintain excellent flexural strength, tensile strength and water absorption performance while making good use of waste newspaper.

Plug Molding of Multilayer Laminate Film for Press Through Package:

Plug Molding of Multilayer Laminate Film for Press Through Package:

The Polar Solvent Application Method for Organic Transparent Conductive Film Produced by an Inkjet Printing Method

In recent years, flexible electronic devices have attracted much attention. Accordingly, flexible transparent conductive films are being researched actively. The commonly used indium tin oxide (ITO) transparent conductive film has limited flexibility. Therefore, we focused on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythio- phene)/poly(styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS) as a substitute material for ITO and are engaged in producing flexible transparent conductive film using inkjet printers. To improve the characteristics of the transparent conductive film produced by inkjet printing, based on prior research, we found that cleaning the film substrate with ultraviolet/ozone (UV/O3) and post-deposition annealing and treatment using polar solvents are effective for thin films. In this study, we examined the method of applying the polar solvent. As a result, we were able to improve the homogeneity of the thin film surface by applying the polar solvent to each thin film lamination layer. The resulting characteristics obtained for a three-layer printed PEDOT:PSS thin film with polar solvent coating were resistivity of 1.49 × 10-3 Ω·cm and transmittance of 84.6%. However, we found that the surface condition changed depending on the processing method, affecting the rate of visible light transmittance.

A Study on the Charge Trapping Characteristics of High-k Laminated Traps

The charge trapping characteristics of the high-k laminated traps with different thickness ratios were investigated in order to improve the distribution of threshold voltage and the charge loss problems in 3D NAND flash memories with TCAT structure. In this letter, the interfacial layers are formed between the HfO2/Al2O3 laminated films, which increase trap sites and improve charge storage capability. In addition, due to the difference in bandgap between HfO2 and Al2O3, the HfO2 layer forms a deep quantum well and the Al2O3 layer acts as a barrier to prevent the loss of electrons captured in the charge trapping layer. The barriers prevent trapped electrons from escaping to other layers. In other words, it reduces the loss of charges from the charge trapping layer to Si or gate electrode. Also, the number of interfaces and the ratio of appropriate laminate film thickness are important factors for obtaining good data retention characteristics. The experimental results show a higher charge storage density and a larger memory window of 11.5 V in the structure that has many interfaces and a 1/1 of HfO2/Al2O3 thickness ratio. In this structure, the leakage current is 4.61 $\times$ 10−9A/cm2 and charge loss rate is 14.9%, which are the lowest values in tested structures. The proposed high-k laminated trap structure may be very useful in future 3D NAND flash memory device applications.

Electrical, Thermal, and Mechanical Characterization of eWLB, Fully Molded Fan-Out Package, and Fan-Out Chip Last Package

Fan-out (FO) packages are widely used in handheld, mobile consumer, and Internet of Things (IoT) devices due to the facility they provide for a greater I/O density and the integration of multiple components in a single package. Various types of FO package are available, including embedded wafer-level BGA (eWLB), fully molded (FM), and a flip-chip-based structure referred to as a fan-out chip-last package (FOCLP). In this paper, ANSYS simulations are performed to examine the warpage, extreme low- $k$ (ELK) interconnect stress and board-level solder joint reliability of the various package types. The validity of the simulation model is confirmed by comparing the numerical results for the warpage of the eWLB and FM packages with the experimental observations. Further simulations are then performed to investigate the heat dissipation performance and electrical crosstalk properties of the three packages. Taguchi experiments are conducted to examine the effects of eight control factors [namely, the inclusion (or otherwise) of a backside laminate film, the board thickness, the joint standoff distance, the ball joint diameter, the under bump metallurgy (UBM) diameter, the joint pitch, the die thickness, and the Cu pillar height] on the thermomechanical reliability of the FM package under accelerated thermal cycling testing. Finally, the Taguchi analysis results are used to determine the optimal geometry design of the FM package.

Headspace GC/MS Analysis of Residual Solvents in Laminated Films Used for Food Packaging

Multilayer laminated films may contain organic solvents derived from adhesives, printing inks and so on. A headspace-GC/MS analysis method for the simultaneous determination of 30 substances such as toluene, xylene, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methanol, ethanol, was developed. A N,N-dimethyl formamide solution containing an internal standard substance was added to the sample. After leaving overnight at room temperature, the headspace gas was analyzed by GC/MS. This method was applicable to a laminate film made of various materials. The organic solvents such as toluene, ethyl acetate, and heptane were detected from 6 out of 42 food packaging bags made from laminated film on Japanese market using this method.

Effect of Polyethylene Film Lamination on the Water Absorbency of Hydrophilic-finished Polypropylene Non-woven Fabric

Polyethylene/Polypropylene (PE/PP) composite non-woven fabrics have been used widely for surgical packages due to its dual features of PE surface and PP surfaces. PP fabric pre-treated by hydrophilic agent provides high water absorbency, while PE surface is responsible for high barrier functions. However, the PP water absorbency declines once PE film is laminated, and no report devoted to study the extent and the reasons of this declining. Herein, the hydrophilic finishing of the PP non-woven fabrics was processed via Kiss-roll method, then the PE/PP fabrics were obtained using a normal hot melt adhesive PE film laminating process. The wicking height, water absorption specific gravity (LAC%), static contact angle, as well as the complete wetting time of the finished PP and PE/PP fabric were measured and compared. Meanwhile, the SEM was used to detect the morphology changing. The results revealed that the pores between fibers in the PP non-woven were filled with non-hydrophilic hot melt adhesive penetrated during PE lamination, so that the PP structure changed to be less porous. Moreover, the laminated PP layer actually blocks the water flow channel in the system, resulting in the absorbency reduction after lamination. As a result, comparing with the PP non-woven fabric, the wicking height of the PE/PP fabric decreased by 25.3 %, the LAC % value reduced by 40.83 %, and the complete wetting time extended from 0.29 s to 1.74 s.

An optimized graphene oxide self-assembly surface for significantly enhanced boiling heat transfer

The enhancements in boiling heat transfer, i.e., critical heat flux (CHF) and heat transfer coefficient (HTC) can bring immediate benefits to improve the safety, efficiency and cost of heat energy transfer and conversion systems, leading to substantial global energy savings and reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. The enhanced boiling surfaces with great durability are highly desired for energy-intensive industrial applications. Here an optimized graphene oxide (GO) self-assembly surface for significantly enhanced boiling is developed, which could be readily fabricated utilizing the nucleate boiling self-assembly method. The optimal GO boiling surface produces remarkable improvements in boiling heat transfer performance (a CHF of 261 W cm-2 and a HTC of 9.1 W cm-2 K−1), which is among the highest values ever reported for pool boiling heat transfer on the planar enhanced surfaces. Additionally, it shows a good durability. The prominent performance can be attributed to the formation of interconnected and highly thermally conductive GO laminate film with moderate thickness on the substrate, which facilitates rapid cooling and rewetting of the local hot/dry regions, as well as bubble nucleation, thereby delay the occurrence of film boiling regime. The proposed strategy in current work is highly scalable and possesses enormous potentials in pragmatic applications.

Passive Thermal Management of Tablet PCs Using Phase Change Materials: Intermittent Operation

This paper presents an experimental study of thermal management in a tablet PC under intermittent operation, with phase change materials (PCMs) encapsulated in a very thin aluminized laminate film container. It complements a study of the same system under continuous operation that was published in 2018. Two different types of PCMs were used for the experimental work; PT-37 and n-eicosane. A commercially available tablet PC was used as a test subject to ensure representative dimensions and material properties of every intricate part of the real tablet PC. For intermittent operation, the cycle used corresponds to fifteen minutes of operation (heat generation) followed by fifteen minutes of rest, to imitate a regular usage pattern of a tablet PC. It was observed that thin PCM thermal energy storage (TES) units are capable of providing a reduction in the rate of temperature increase during transient operations for both the electronics and the tablet cover. Reduction in peak temperature of the heat source and external surfaces of the tablet PC was also observed. At the maximum of 8 W operating power, PCMs were able to reduce the back-cover temperature by 20 °C. At all power inputs, heat storage in PCMs resulted in back-cover temperatures lower than 40 °C. Moreover, it was found that the PCM thermal management system tested was not affected by the inclination of the tablet PC. Results obtained from this study confirm that thin PCM encapsulation is indeed a suitable solution to control the temperature in tablet PCs during intermittent operation.

Recording digital color information on transparent polyethylene films by thermal treatment.

This study characterizes the use of transparent low-density polyethylene laminate films for the purpose of recording digital information in the form of linear and color two-dimensional matrix codes that are distinguishable in polarized light. Color characteristics of multilayer laminated materials made from polyethylene and heat treatment methods for changing their coloring are examined. The contribution of the number of multilayer film interfaces to the lightness and color of the laminate is shown. Melt-extruded industrial polyethylene film heat treatment methods by convection, conduction, and radiation, to control their optical characteristics and color in polarized light, are studied.

배터리 포장공정에 따른 알루미늄 적층 필름의 열전달 해석

배터리 포장공정에 따른 알루미늄 적층 필름의 열전달 해석

Continuous extraction of proteins with a miniaturized electrical split-flow cell equipped with suspended splitters fabricated by dry film lamination

This article describes the development of an electrically driven Split-Flow Thin microsystem suitable for continuous-flow protein purification or concentration. We used a technology based on dry film resist, Ordyl SY 355, to realize 3D suspended structures in a microchannel (150 μm), including patterned Cr/Pt electrodes. The device developed for this research is the first electrical miniaturized dry film SPLITT system including suspended splitters and represents a good miniaturization effort of the ideal SPLITT cell, thus expanding the possibilities of realizing split-flow fractionation microfluidic network based on dry film technology. A suitable design and fabrication process for the realization of such a kind of device is reported. The purification/concentration performances of the system have been tested by infusing a Bovine Serum Albumin solution (0.1 wt percentage) through the inlets and evaluating the protein content at the outlets after the application of a pulsed electric potential. Experimental conditions have been changed during the testing phase, by varying the applied potential and the duty cycle of the square wave and the flow rate to find suitable conditions for protein extraction. The best-achieved purification/concentration rate was around 60%, measured as concentration difference between the two output channels normalized on the input concentration, thus confirming the viability of device for protein enrichment or purification for sample preparation. The device has a potential for integration in micro-TAS, thanks to its reduced dimensions, for applications involving protein analysis or bio-sensing in matrices including proteins interfering with the measurement.

14‐2: Monolithic Glass Light‐Guide Plate with Built‐in Prism Structure for 1D Dimming Large‐Area LCD

We have developed monolithic functional glass LGP (GLGP) for large‐area LCD backlight unit (BLU) with built‐in prism structure enabling 1D segment dimming. We simulated and optimized the prismatic GLGP, confirming the 1D dimming and light collimating characteristics of the prototyped sample. We have succeeded in fabricating prism structure on 65” GLGP with both imprint and film lamination methods.