Filler Substance Research Articles

Acoustics characterization of reinforced composite for noise reduction

These days, noise pollution is becoming worse due to the faster globalisation of nations, and its effects on human health go beyond hearing impairment. As a result, effective noise pollution control methods are needed. Use a composite reinforced with natural fibres for acoustical purposes. Natural fiber-reinforced composites have several benefits, such as being inexpensive, simple to produce, and eco-friendly. Additionally, natural fibre improves composite sound absorption, structural stability, and mechanical durability. The methods for assessing the acoustical properties of composites improved by natural fibres are described in the paper. Acoustical measures, such as sound transmission losses and absorption efficiency, are also evaluated. This work also examines a factor that influences the mechanical and acoustical properties of composites reinforced with natural fibres. The variables that determine the outcome include the fiber’s characteristics, density, sample thickness, porosity, adhesive material, and filler substance. Increases in the percentage of fibre weight, binder material, and filler material improve the durability and sound absorption of natural fiber-reinforced composites.

Dermal Filler Hypersensitivity Post-COVID-19 Illness: Case Series and Literature Review.

To report two cases of dermal filler hypersensitivity post-COVID-19 illness and review the literature. A literature review was performed. Data were extracted from the articles: the author, year of publication, age and sex of the patient, filler substance, injection site, symptoms and signs, onset time, diagnostic results, treatment, and prognosis. Six cases from six literatures were included in the review. All of them were female and were confirmed infected with COVID-19. Five of them received hyaluronic acid injection and one patient received polyacrylamide. Time after injection ranged from 8 months to 9 years. Onset of symptoms ranged from two to four weeks post-infection. The clinical manifestations included swelling, edema, induration, erythema, and tenderness. The site where the symptoms appeared was the injection site, and symptoms appeared at each injection site at the same time, including cheeks, periocular area, and lips. Dermal filler hypersensitivity may occur post-COVID-19 illness. A detailed history and clinical examination can help confirm the diagnosis. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Fracture Resistance of Laboratory Composite Versus All-Ceramic Restorations in Class II Inlay Cavity Preparations: An In Vitro Study.

A posterior tooth's occlusal surfaces and the proximal surface can be restored by using an inlay, which is an intra-crown cast reconstruction without affecting the cusps of the tooth. When an inlay is prepared using an indirect approach, issues with traditional filling approaches, including poor morphology of the occlusal aspect or proximal aspect, inadequate resistance to wear, or subpar mechanical qualities of the directly inserted filler substance, are overcome. The current study was conducted in order to compare and assess the resistance to fracture of dental materials used in the preparation of inlay restorations indirectly, like composite restorations prepared by laboratories indirectly, inlays formed indirectly of monolithic translucent ceramic derived from zirconia, and inlays formed indirectly of traditional monolithic ceramic derived from zirconia. For the investigation, 100 human premolars of the maxilla that were extracted recently were chosen. A self-polymerizing acrylic resin was used to incorporate the tooth roots in a band made up of polyvinyl chloride up to 2 mm below the cement-enamel junction. The dimension of the band was 1.3 cm by 1.9 cm. Five categories of 20 specimens of such teeth were formed. Category one, featuring teeth in good condition, acted as the positive control category. The remaining four categories of teeth received inlay tooth preparation. The research samples underwent thermocycling after having been preserved for a full week following the cementation of inlay replacements. Then, in a universal testing apparatus, every sample endured axial compressive force with a metal globe delivered vertically at a crosshead rate of 1 mm/minute. The amount of force necessary to cause a fracture was measured in Newtons (N). The mean values of resistance against fracture in specimens in categories 1-5 were 1208.87 N, 614.89 N, 733.05 N, 1179.14 N, and 1148.49 N, respectively. The values of fracture resistance in specimens where an inlay cavity preparation was done but not filled were lower than those in traditional monolithic ceramic derived from zirconia and tooth specimens with inlays formed of monolithic translucent ceramic derived from zirconia, and the difference was significant statistically (p=0.001). The values of fracture resistance in composite inlay restorations prepared by laboratories were indirectly lower than those of monolithic ceramic derived from zirconia and tooth specimens with inlays formed of monolithic translucent ceramic derived from zirconia, and the difference was significant statistically (p=0.004). Within the constraints of the current investigation, we can state that indirect zirconia-based ceramic products offer adequate fracture resistance, but additional research is needed to determine how well these materials hold up under different types of pressures before employing them in clinical tooth restoration.

Behavior of geomaterial composite using sugar cane bagasse ash under compressive and flexural loading

The sugar industry produces a huge quantity of sugar cane bagasse ash in India. Dumping massive quantities of waste in a non-eco-friendly manner is a key concern for developing nations. The main focus of this study is the development of a sustainable geomaterial composite with higher strength capabilities (compressive and flexural). To develop this composite, sugarcane bagasse ash (SA), glass fiber (GF), and blast furnace slag (BF) are used. Ash generated from burning sugar cane in the sugar industry is known as sugar cane bagasse. To check the suitability of this secondary waste for use in civil engineering and to minimize risk to the environment in the development of sustainable growth, a sequence of compressive and flexural strength tests was performed on materials prepared using sugar cane bagasse ash (SA) reinforced by glass fiber (GF) in combination with blast furnace slag (BF) and cement (CEM). The effects of the mix ratios of glass fiber to bagasse ash (0.2%–1.2%), blast furnace slag to the weight of bagasse ash (10%), cement binding to bagasse ash (10%–20%), and water to sugar cane bagasse ash (55%) regarding the flexural strength, compressive strength, density, tangent modulus, stress–strain pattern, and load–deflection curve of the prepared materials were studied. According to the findings, compressive strength achieved a maximum strength of 1055.5 kPa and ranged from 120 to 1055.5 kPa, and the flexural strength achieved a maximum strength of 217 kPa and ranged from 80.1 to 217 kPa at different mix ratio percentages. The value of the initial tangent modulus for the cube specimens ranged between 96 and 636 MPa. For compression specimens with 20% cement, the density decreased from 1320.1 to 1265 kg/m3, and the flexural strength decreased from 1318 to 1259.6 kg/m3. With limitation in lower percentages of C/SA, the specimen cannot sustain its shape even after curing period. In comparing the previous research with the present experimental work, it was observed that the material proposed here is lightweight and can be utilised as a filler substance in weak compressible soils to improve their load-bearing capacity.

РАЗРАБОТКА СОСТАВА И ТЕХНОЛОГИИ КОКТЕЙЛЬНОЙ ТЕСТ-СИСТЕМЫ ДЛЯ РАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ ФАРМАКОТЕРАПИИ

Cocktail test systems are being used for determination of individual activity of cytochrome P450 isoenzymes in a patient. The usage of test systems allows taking into account the phenotypic features of drug metabolism to prescribe the most effective drug therapy. Aim. Development of a test system in the form of a solid gelatin capsule containing microtablets of caffeine, efavirenz, flurbiprofen, metoprolol tartrate and evaluation of their technological properties. Development of a method for the determination of marker components of a "cocktail" formulation using the Proton NMR spectroscopy method. Materials and methods. Microtabletes containing caffeine, efavirenz, flurbiprofen (Molekula Limited, UK) and metoprolol tartrate (KONO Chem Co., LTD, China) were manufactured on a tablet press of the XSpress type (BOSCH, Germany), in one of the sockets of which a 12-punch press tool with a diameter of 2 mm matrix holes was inserted. The resulting microtablets passed pharmaceutical and technological tests for dosage forms in accordance with the Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation XIV edition. Finnipipette F1 mechanical pipettes were used to sample the solvent and analytic solution, and a Vortex 2 shaker, an ultrasonic water bath, a Minispin Plus centrifuge, benzoic acid, and DMSO-d6 were used for sample preparation. Results and discussion. A common solvent has been selected for all active substances of the test system. Conditions for the introduction of probe preparations into the filler substance of the sorbent have been selected. Tableting parameters have been worked out. Conclusion. As a result of the conducted research, the composition and production technology of a cocktail test system for rational pharmacotherapy have been developed. A technological scheme for obtaining microtablets of probe preparations has been developed. For a mixture of active substances, the conditions for quantitative analysis were selected using the Proton NMR spectroscopy method.

Synthesis and Characterization of CNT/PVA Nanocomposites for Electrical, Thermal and Morphological Properties

The goal of the current work is to bring a helpful substance to nanoscience and nanotechnology that might be a "problem solver" for ion storage. Carbon nanotubes/ PVA nanocomposites were prepared in five concentrations in aqueous medium following film formation. The resulting nanocomposites were characterized using “AC Impedance Spectroscopy, Differential Thermal Analysis, Thermal Gravimetric Analysis / (TG/DTA) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)”. Ionic conductivity of the nanocomposites was determined from impedance spectroscopy. CNT/PVA nanocomposites exhibited lower conductivity as compared with CNT or PVA separately. TG/DTA graphs exhibited a regular pattern, showing an increase in the thermal stability. Morphology of the prepared samples as shown by SEM reveals a favourable polymer-filler morphological arrangement at the interphase, which is suggestive of a favourable compatibility between the polymer and the filler substance.

Radiologic Approach for Skin US.

Radiologic Approach for Skin US.

Role of Wood Flour on Physical and Mechanical Properties in Polymer Matrix Composites-A Critical Review

Green and sustainable material is the utmost prerequisite for the advancement of a healthy society and fulfilling the necessary for the improvement in material science. Naturally obtaining wood flour has the competence to be reinforced as a filler substance in the polymer composite. The present article deals with the usage of wood flour as a filler in the polymer composite. The article comprises properties, characteristics, occurrence, the structure of wood, and the techniques implemented in the manufacturing of wood flour polymer composites. In addition, critical parameters and causes that can bring changes in the properties like tensile, flexural, impact and hardness of polymers are also discussed with the addition of wood flour alone and with nanoparticles. The advantages of using wood flour as a filler in the thermoset and thermoplastic polymers discussed, and its hybridization with various natural fibers was also discussed in the present study.

Perbandingan Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etil Asetat Daun Rasamala (Altingia excelsa noronha) dan Bahan Pengisi 3 Mix terhadap Enterococcus faecalis

Introduction : Lesion Sterilization and Tissue Repair (LSTR-3MIX) are new paradigm in caries care with or without involving pulp and periapical by using combination of three antibiotics. Bacteria that cause endodontic or root canal infection are dominated by Enterococcus faecalis , which is facultative anaerobic gram-positive bacteria and the bacteria are resistant against antimicrobial substance and often found in failed endodontic treatment. LSTR method is an effort that disinfects pulp lesions by killing the bacteria through using three antibiotics, which are metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and minocyline. The use of several kinds of antibiotics can trigger the resistance of bacteria. However, it is needed an alternative of new antibiotic finding by using natural antibacterial herbal medicine as filler substance for endodontic that has antibacterial ability as balanced as 3MIX antibiotic pasta. Purpose : This research aimed at knowing the difference of antibacterial effect between rasamala leaf extract against E. faecalis bacteria that was compared with 3MIX antibiotic pasta. Method : The method used in this research was laboratory experiment by utilizing post test only control group design . This research was consisted of 6 treatment groups of rasamala leaf extract with concentration of 20%, 10%, 5%, 2,5%, 1,25%, and 1 control group of 3MIX antibiotic pasta. Result : 3MIX antibiotic was more effective in inhibiting the growth of bacteria rather than rasamala leaf extract in inhibiting the growth of Enterococcus faecalis . Conclusion : ethyl acetate from rasamala leaf extract was not more effective than 3MIX antibiotic in inhibiting the growth of Enterococcus faecalis .

Efficiency of fluorescein-conjugated anti-rabies and anti-chlamydia antibodies freeze-dried

This article presents the results of a study of the effectiveness of anti-rabies and anti-chlamydia antibodies conjugated with fluorescein, freeze-dried. Immunobiological products lyophilization is one of the most reliable ways to preserve their physicochemical and biological properties, since this is a soft drying method, in which the dried product is frozen, then it is placed in a vacuum chamber, where the solvent is sublimated. Lyophilization allows you to get drugs without losing their shape, structural integrity and more importantly, without losing their biological activity. The study aimed to standardize methods for the purification of FITC conjugates, as well as reagents used in the production and drying of FITC conjugates. We used conjugates of anti-rabies and anti-chlamydia antibodies labeled with fluoresceinisothiocyanate (FITZ) obtained by hyperimmunization of sheep and rams using an immunostimulant. We tested the ability of various concentrations of dextran T-70 to retain the specific activity of fluorescent conjugates of anti-rabies and anti-chlamydia antibodies when added dextran T-70 to them before the lyophilization. To determine the optimal amount of T-70 dextran filler, prepared 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% solutions in 10mm phosphate-salt solution. We found that the effectiveness of dextran T-70 as a filler substance in the lyophilization of FITC conjugates depends on its concentration. The optimal stabilizing vehicle for lyophilization of both fluorescent conjugates is 2-3% concentration of dextran T-70 in 10 mM phosphate-buffered saline. Analysis of the results of the quality of FITZ-conjugates allows us to conclude about the high quality of biological products prepared during freeze-drying of the material in the developed temperature regime using dextran T-70 as a filler substance. As a result of the studies, the technology for the preparation of lyophilized FITC conjugates of anti-rabies and anti-chlamydia antibodies for diagnostic test systems was optimized. The specific activity and stability of the physicochemical characteristics of the preparations after lyophilization and during subsequent storage for two years were observed.

Developing Cheap and Mass‐Producible Graphite‐Filled Paper as an Anode Material for Microbial Electrochemical Technologies

AbstractThis study details, in‐depth, the development of graphite paper as electrodes, specifically anodes, for microbial electrochemical technologies. Processed natural graphite powders were used as an active filler substance in paper composites. Mechanical and electrical properties were balanced during development. Graphite papers with 80 wt% natural graphite content had tear lengths of 730±58 m and resistivities of 0.014±0.001 Ω cm. Electrochemically active biofilms on these materials, cultivated from biomass taken from the bioanodes of an already running bioelectrochemical reactor, were fed with acetate and yielded an average maximum current density of 0.855±0.135 as well as 0.489±0.148 mA cm−2 with a complex substrate mixture. All anodes exhibited similar performance to commonly used carbonaceous electrodes fed the same substrates. This places them as flexible and cheap electrode materials suitable for large‐scale microbial electrochemical technologies.

Filler slab with partial replacement of cement by Eggshell powder

Currently India has taken a major initiative in developing the infrastructure to meet the requirements of globalization in the construction industry. Considering building element like slab, more concrete is wasted in the tension zone, since the tensile forces are taken by the steel reinforcement. To overcome this wastage of concrete in tension zone, a new cost effective method called as Filler slab technique is used. Low price and lightweight filler substance like Mangalore tiles, that will decrease the dead weight in addition to the total cost of this slab to some degree. Being environmentally accountable, the utilization of waste substances is a Vital step in creating a sustainable future. The Eggshell, which is usually disposed as a poultry waste can be used as an alternate of cement in powdered form, since the shell is made up of Calcium having a chemical composition same as limestone. Partial replacement of cement by eggshell powder is done in different proportions like 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% & 10%. In this paper, the filler slab has been created additional cost effective with the addition of eggshell powder because partial replacement of cement. Following a healing period of 28 days, there's a version in compression and flexural strength of concrete using eggshell powder compared to conventional concrete.

Functional Morphology of the Cardiac Jelly in the Tubular Heart of Vertebrate Embryos.

The early embryonic heart is a multi-layered tube consisting of (1) an outer myocardial tube; (2) an inner endocardial tube; and (3) an extracellular matrix layer interposed between the myocardium and endocardium, called “cardiac jelly” (CJ). During the past decades, research on CJ has mainly focused on its molecular and cellular biological aspects. This review focuses on the morphological and biomechanical aspects of CJ. Special attention is given to (1) the spatial distribution and fiber architecture of CJ; (2) the morphological dynamics of CJ during the cardiac cycle; and (3) the removal/remodeling of CJ during advanced heart looping stages, which leads to the formation of ventricular trabeculations and endocardial cushions. CJ acts as a hydraulic skeleton, displaying striking structural and functional similarities with the mesoglea of jellyfish. CJ not only represents a filler substance, facilitating end-systolic occlusion of the embryonic heart lumen. Its elastic components antagonize the systolic deformations of the heart wall and thereby power the refilling phase of the ventricular tube. Non-uniform spatial distribution of CJ generates non-circular cross sections of the opened endocardial tube (initially elliptic, later deltoid), which seem to be advantageous for valveless pumping. Endocardial cushions/ridges are cellularized remnants of non-removed CJ.

Successfully Managing Impending Skin Necrosis following Hyaluronic Acid Filler Injection, using High-Dose Pulsed Hyaluronidase

Summary:Facial fillers are becoming increasingly popular as aesthetic procedures to temporarily reduce the depth of wrinkles or to contour faces. However, even in the hands of very experienced injectors, there is always a small possibility of vascular complications like intra-arterial injection of filler substance. We present a case report of a patient who developed features of vascular obstruction in right infraorbital artery and tell-tale signs of impending skin necrosis, after hyaluronic acid filler injection by an experienced injector. The diagnosis of a vascular complication was made quickly with the help of clinical features like blanching, livedo reticularis, and poor capillary refill. Patient was treated promptly with “high-dose pulsed hyaluronidase protocol” comprising three 1,000-unit pulses of hyaluronidase, administered hourly. There was no further increase in size of the involved area after the first dose of hyaluronidase. All of the involved area, along with 1 cm overlapping in uninvolved skin area, was injected during each injection pulse, using a combination of cannula and needle. Complete reperfusion and good capillary filling were achieved after completion of 3 pulses, and these were taken as the end-point of high-dose pulsed hyaluronidase treatment. Immediate skin changes after filler injections, as well as after hyaluronidase injections and during the 3-week recovery period, were documented with photographs and clinical notes. Involved skin was found to have been fully recovered from this vascular episode, thus indicating that complete recovery of the ischemic skin changes secondary to possible intra-arterial injection could be achieved using high-dose pulsed hyaluronidase protocol.

PENAMBAHAN BUBUR LABU KUNING TERHADAP PREFERENSI SAUS TOMAT-LABU KUNING

<span class="fontstyle0">Tomato ketchup is a product favored by the people of Indonesia. The use of pumpkin as filler<br />substance in the production of tomato ketchup is performed as an alternative to conventional<br />tomato ketchup filler substance. This study aims to determine the right balance between the<br />tomato puree and pumpkin puree to produce a tomato ketchup that can be accepted by<br />consumers, without addition of coloring agents and other food additives. The results showed<br />that the quantity of tomato puree and pumpkin puree in proportion of 85 and 15 produces the<br />best tomato ketchup and has the same characteristics as the standard and is preferred by the<br />panelists, with a viscosity of 40300 cps, the water content of 61.53% and pH of 3.87.</span>

Diversifikasi Pengolahan Jahe Menjadi Produk Awetan

G i nger ( Zingiber Officina l e) is one of spices having many beneficial uses and its potency in East Kalimantan is quite big. This region produces about 2,454.000 tons of ginger every year. (The Planta t ion Services of East Kalimantan Province, 2004). The aim of this research is to find an effecient technology for small and madium scale industries to process ginger to become preserved products like instant ginger drinks, candies and syrup. The research looked for the right formulae in processing of instant ginger drinks and ginger syrups and tile right filler subs ta nce in making ginger candies. The formula will be represented in the composition of ginger, sugar and water. Based on organoleptic testing, the best species of ginger made for those products is "elephantginger" and Ihe best composi t ion for making instant ginger products is 750 gram, 1000 gram and 250 ml for "elephant ginger'; sugar and water respectively. In addition, the best composition to make ginger syrup is 500 gram and 1000 ml of ..elephant ginger". suqer and water respectively. Lastly. the best filler substance for soft ginger candy is gelatinous flour.

Treating Proximal Tibial Growth Plate Injuries Using Poly(Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid) Scaffolds.

Growth plate fractures account for nearly 18.5% of fractures in children. Depending on the type and severity of the injury, inhibited bone growth or angular deformity caused by bone forming in place of the growth plate can occur. The current treatment involves removal of the bony bar and replacing it with a filler substance, such as a free fat graft. Unfortunately, reformation of the bony bar frequently occurs, preventing the native growth plate from regenerating. The goal of this pilot study was to determine whether biodegradable scaffolds can enhance native growth plate regeneration following a simulated injury that resulted in bony bar formation in the proximal tibial growth plate of New Zealand white rabbits. After removing the bony bar, animals received one of the following treatments: porous poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffold; PLGA scaffold loaded with insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I); PLGA scaffold loaded with IGF-I and seeded with autogenous bone marrow cells (BMCs) harvested at the time of implantation; or fat graft (as used clinically). The PLGA scaffold group showed an increased chondrocyte population and a reduced loss of the remaining native growth plate compared to the fat graft group (the control group). An additional increase in chondrocyte density was seen in scaffolds loaded with IGF-I, and even more so when BMCs were seeded on the scaffold. While there was no significant reduction in the angular deformation of the limbs, the PLGA scaffolds increased the amount of cartilage and reduced the amount of bony bar reformation.

Prevention and treatment of complications after polymethylmethacrylate-microspheres injections.

The present article focuses on the peculiarities of polymethylmethacrylate as facial filler highlighting the injection technique, known adverse effects, and all options for complication management. Supplemented by a historical overview and case series, the authors share their experience with this widespread and in the last decade heavily criticized injectable filler substance.

Temperature characteristics of the birefringence properties of filled side-hole fibers

The temperature characteristics of the birefringence of side-hole fibers filled with liquids or metal are investigated, aiming at providing a basis for on/off temperature sensing. Short pieces of fiber are filled and the change in birefringence is registered using measurements in reflective mode of the transmitted power through a linear polarizer at 1550 nm. The rapid change in the birefringence behavior of the fiber at the temperature of the phase transition of the filler substance is shown, and from the measurement data the phase transition temperatures can be determined as well as an estimation of the birefringence change with temperature. The experimental results are supported by numerical simulations.

Autologous Injectable Dermis

No perfect solution yet exists for dermal fillers. The authors hypothesized that autologous dermis can be processed in an operator-friendly manner and adopted in selected patients as a filler, following the principle of replacing "like with like." The authors designed a prototype "cutting chamber" to morsel dermis into an injectable form. Autologous injectable dermis grafting was performed in 16 patients who underwent lip or labionasal fold correction concomitant with abdominoplasty or cesarean scar correction; patient dermis was used for the donor graft. Furthermore, injectable dermis grafting was performed in the subcutaneous tissue of three patients undergoing multistage reconstructive procedures for obesity. The grafts were harvested and examined histologically at 3, 7, and 12 months. Dermis processing and injection proved feasible with limited effort. All 16 patients presented good volume maintenance by 12 months. Two reported transient palpable firmness for the first 6 months, which subsequently resolved. Histological examination of processed and injected dermis showed volume maintenance over time, effective revascularization of the mass, and structural reorganization with collagen bundles and nested fibroblasts reminiscent of reticular dermis. A transient inflammatory reaction was observed, consistent with the expected healing events. Use of autologous dermis as a filler substance for both aesthetic and reconstructive procedures appears to be a feasible option. It could be advised for patients requiring filler correction who undergo concomitant procedures involving excision of potential donor dermis.