Filipino Research Articles

Anesthetic Management in Bilateral Deep Brain Stimulation for X-linked Dystonia Parkinsonism: Early Single Institution Experience from the Philippines

X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism (XDP) is a rare, adult-onset, progressive, hereditary neurological movement disorder primarily affecting Filipino men with maternal families from Panay province of the Philippines. Medical treatment modalities currently being used have offered temporary symptomatic relief. Surgical management in the form of bilateral globus pallidi internae (Gpi) deep brain stimulation (DBS) has shown promising results and is increasingly being performed in advanced centers, as reported in international literature. Presented herein is the local experience of seven (7) retrospectively reviewed cases from February 2018 to February 2019 in a tertiary center in the Philippines with a particular focus on anesthetic management. All patients were male, from Panay, and presented with progressive dystonia and parkinsonism. All patients underwent planned bilateral, simultaneous DBS electrode, and implantable pulse generator (IPG) placement performed by a multidisciplinary team. Anesthetic management consisted of Bispectral Index (BIS) guided conscious sedation with low dose propofol and remifentanil infusions with a complete scalp nerve block (SB) at the start of the procedure then shifted to awake monitored anesthesia care during electrode placement, microelectrode recording (MER) and macro stimulation testing. All were put under general anesthesia with a supraglottic airway device during the placement of the internal pulse generator (IPG) in the infraclavicular area. All seven patients had successful localization, and insertion of the DBS electrode and discharged improved. The anesthetic management of the DBS used in these cases warrants further investigation and may lead to standardization of future practice.

Vocabulary Acquisition (Incidental) through Watching Subtitled Video Material

Subtitle refers to the time-synchronized text on a video that translates the spoken audio to another language. This research deals with the effect of watching subtitled video material on the vocabulary acquisition (incidental) of the Filipino learners of English as a second language with an emphasis on the receptive and productive vocabulary knowledge. The study was participated by 100 university students in a private higher education institution in the Philippines. The study used a pretest and posttest design in which the Vocabulary Knowledge Scale developed by Paribakht and Wesche was employed. The results show that there is a significant difference between the pretest and the posttest performance in vocabulary acquisition in terms of receptive and productive vocabulary knowledge of the participants. The findings imply the integration of subtitled video material in the teaching of vocabulary in Philippine classrooms because of its effectiveness which, up to this point, is not yet realized.

Forecasting Philippine Residential Mobility Percentage Change during COVID-19

Philippines is one of the countries that was affected by COVID-19. Several researches provided insights on how old-style public health measures such as social distancing can lower the risk of spreading an epidemic virus along with mass testing and different health-related procedures. However, due to lack of equipment, social distancing and isolation is the initial response of the country to fight the outbreak. This paper shows how the Filipino people respond to the policies of the government through mobility. Moreover, ARIMA model was used to forecast the Residential Mobility Percentage Change during the Enhanced Community Quarantine within the country.

Along the Academe‐Policy Frontier: A Tribute to Aileen S.P. Baviera

Along the Academe‐Policy Frontier: A Tribute to Aileen S.P. Baviera

Incidental findings in maxillary sinus area on cone-beam-computed-tomographic-scans: A retrospective study with emphasis on gender and ethnicity

AimThe aim was to assess the presence of incidental-findings (IFs) on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of faciomaxillary region with emphasis on gender and ethnicity. Materials and methodsA retrospective analysis of incidental findings (IFs) in the maxillary sinus was performed. All CBCT-scans were performed using a Cone Beam 3D imaging system and examined using a software program. These images were taken for treatment planning for dental implant therapy of partially edentulous individuals. Four-hundred CBCT scans were retrospectively evaluated. Data regarding age, gender and ethnicity (Saudi Arabian, Egyptian, Filipino and Pakistani) of the patients was recorded. When P-value were lesser than 0.05, the difference was deemed significant. ResultsFour hundred CBCT-based scans were investigated. The IFs were seen in 30.2%, 32.1%, 35.1% and 34.4% individuals belonging to the Egyptian, Saudi Arabian, Pakistani and Filipino ethnicities, respectively. Mucosal-thickening was more often identified in Saudi-Arabian (P < 0.05), Pakistani (P < 0.05) and Filipino males (P < 0.05) than females in the respective ethnic group. There was no difference in the identification of IFs (mucous retention cysts, opacifications, sinus septa and sinus floor discontinuation) related to the maxillary sinus region among males belonging to the Egyptian, Saudi-Arabian, Filipino and Pakistani ethnic groups. Interpretations and conclusionThe CBCT-based technology is valuable resource for the identification of IFs.

Global Borderlands: Fantasy, Violence, and Empire in Subic Bay, Philippines

In 1898, during the Spanish–American War, the Philippines declared independence from Spain. The United States did not acknowledge this declaration, suppressed an insurrection, and imposed colonial rule until 1946. Before and after World War II, the United States maintained a singular military presence in the Philippines, concentrated in Subic Bay. In the early 1990s, the United States closed the military base. Shortly thereafter, the Subic Bay Freeport Zone was established. What should we make of this history? Did Philippine leaders and citizens welcome the US military and benefit from the jobs and commerce? Were Philippine people forced to endure an ongoing imperial presence despite open and ongoing resistance? Did US soldiers and sailors violate laws and customs with impunity? Did the military base provide stable and well-paying jobs, with unmatched opportunities for career advancement? These questions can be posed in more personal and intimate terms. Did Philippine workers resent US employers? Did US military personnel live out sexual fantasies at the expense of Filipinos? Did US soldiers fall in love with and build enduring families with Filipino lovers? What became of the children left behind by US military personnel?

Abstract TP187: Disparities in Secondary Stroke Prevention Among Filipinos in Hawaii

Introduction: In Hawaii, Filipinos have the highest stroke mortality for unclear reasons. The objective of this study is to elucidate racial-ethnic differences in the use of antithrombotics and statins upon discharge home from hospitalization among stroke survivors. Methods: The Get With the Guidelines-Stroke (GWTG-Stroke) data from January 2010 to December 2016 at the only Comprehensive Stroke Center in Hawaii was retrospectively reviewed. Subjects with non-ischemic stroke and with disposition other than home were excluded. Multivariable logistic regression models examined differences in appropriate medication use at discharge related to race/ethnicity compared with whites after adjusting for age, sex, insurance status, prior medication use and stroke risk factors. Results: Among a total of 2347 patients studied (621 (26%) whites (W), 302 (13%) Filipinos (FI), 838 (36%) other Asians (OA), 538 (23%) Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders (NHOPI), and 48 (2%) other race (O)), FI were prescribed less antithrombotic agents at discharge [OR 0.56; 95% CI 0.380, 0.837] than W, while there were no racial-ethnic differences among OA, NHOPI and O compared to W. Age [OR 1.02; 95% CI 1.006, 1.03], prior antithrombotic use [OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.47, 2.82] and coronary artery disease/prior myocardial infarction [OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.23, 3.39] were also independent predictors of antithrombotic prescription upon discharge. For statin prescription upon discharge, there was no difference between FI and W. NHOPI race [OR 2.09; 95% CI 1.54, 2.83], age [OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.001, 1.02], female sex [OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.55, 0.84], prior anti-cholesterol medication use [OR 4.12, 95% CI 3.01 5.63], dyslipidemia [OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.47, 2.49] and carotid stenosis [OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.32, 0.74] were predictors of statin prescription upon discharge. Conclusions: Filipinos are less likely to be prescribed an antithrombotic for stroke prevention compared with whites after hospitalization for stroke.

Cross-cultural differences in food safety knowledge, attitudes and practices of food handlers working at restaurants in Kuwait.

This study was conducted to assess the level of food safety knowledge, attitudes and practices among 273 Filipinos, Egyptians and Indians food handlers in Kuwait restaurants. The information was obtained through face to face interviews and questionnaires covering four sections: demographic characteristics, food safety knowledge, attitudes and practices. The results show that Filipinos, Egyptians and Indians food handlers had sufficient food safety knowledge particularly in the personal hygiene area. Filipinos were the best answering questions related to cross contamination and sanitation (p < 0.05). Egyptians and Indians lacked the knowledge about cross-contamination and sanitation, time and temperature control for food, and food pathogens. For attitudes, results show that Filipinos had excellent positive attitudes followed by Indians then Egyptians (p < 0.05). The three nationalities generally show very good practices mainly in personal hygiene. However, only 56 % of Egyptians and 57% of Indians avoided keeping cooked food in the temperature danger zone until served (p < 0.05). The study recommends that some aspects associated to cross-contamination, food pathogens and time and temperature control need to be stressed especially for Egyptians and Indians food handlers. Continuous food safety training for food handlers in Kuwait should become compulsory to reinforce food handlers in the areas which seem to be lacking. (www.actabiomedica.it)

Creative Misreadings of “Thai BL” by a Filipino Fan Community: Dislocating Knowledge Production in Transnational Queer Fandoms Through Aspirational Consumption

Creative Misreadings of "Thai BL" by a Filipino Fan CommunityDislocating Knowledge Production in Transnational Queer Fandoms Through Aspirational Consumption Thomas Baudinette (bio) While browsing the internet one night in late December 2014, I encountered a Thai television soap opera, or lakhon, named Lovesick: The Series. As a scholar of Japanese queer popular culture who investigates boys love (hereafter BL), a genre of homoerotic media produced and consumed primarily by heterosexual women,1 I quickly recognized that Lovesick conformed to the generic tropes associated with classic Japanese BL texts.2 Unbeknownst to me at the time, I had serendipitously stumbled upon an emerging genre of popular culture known in Thailand as "series wai."3 But in 2015, as I scoured the internet to learn more about this intriguing series, I came across English-language fan spaces on Facebook where Lovesick was being discussed as representative of a phenomenon that fans called "Thai BL."4 Curious, I began to observe these English-language fansites for "Thai BL" and determined that the majority of the people participating in the space were young Filipino men and women and that most sites were curated and administrated by Filipino men who identified as gay. In fact, the Philippines has emerged as an important space for fandom of so-called Thai BL, a point recently recognized by Philippine media.5 As I observed such fan sites over several years, it became increasingly apparent that the Filipino men and women participating in this fandom viewed BL as fundamentally Thai and that they actively attempted to differentiate it from what they called "Japanese yaoi."6 For these fans, BL was positioned as a form of Thai popular culture and was therefore understood to be categorically not Japanese. Previous work exploring the transnational circulation of BL has tended to advance theory which firmly centers Japan within its analysis, exploring how "culturally Japanese" products such as BL are adapted or "glocalized" to new contexts.7 Many of these studies draw upon Koichi Iwabuchi's seminal exploration of the transnational circulation of Japanese popular culture throughout East and Southeast Asia in the late 1990s.8 Iwabuchi develops a sophisticated [End Page 101] framework for understanding how the "cultural odor" of a product—that is, a product's recognizability and desirability based in its embeddedness or centering within a specific cultural context—plays an influential role in its reception. Iwabuchi further contends that the Japanese government has played an active role in bolstering the Japanese "cultural odor" of certain popular culture products such as anime and manga by essentializing what he terms Japan's "national brand."9 Throughout his scholarship, Iwabuchi calls upon scholars to "re-center" Japan within processes of globalization and to draw upon this re-centering of Japan as a space for critical reflection on the politics of transnational cultural flow. In so doing, Iwabuchi suggests, scholars can account for the influence of national producers on the reception of Japanese cultural products outside Japan.10 Iwabuchi's theories of transnational flow are useful in understanding the processes of adaption when a Japanese cultural product such as BL leaves Japan and enters a new national space. But Iwabuchi's theories become less useful for understanding how a glocalized product further transnationalizes and potentially develops new meanings and associations through this process. Iwabuchi's insistence on "centering" analysis on the point of production (i.e., Japan) thus fails to account for situations when the so-called cultural odor of Japan is diminished or even extinguished. Furthermore, Iwabuchi's emphasis on critical reflection based in "centering" analysis on Japan may lead one to conclude that consumers who fail to recognize the "Japaneseness" of a cultural product such as BL are somehow "mistaken." While I am broadly sympathetic to Iwabuchi's scholarly project, I am concerned by his criticisms of fans whose reading practices are positioned as "misunderstanding" Japan's role in the production of the texts that they consume. Like Bertha Chin and Lori Morimoto, I am also troubled by Iwabuchi's conflation of nation and culture and his lack of engagement with the intensely affective nature of fannish consumption.11 Taking inspiration from Eve Sedgwick's call to read data through...

Choreography as Play: Playing It as Filipino

Choreography as Play: Playing It as Filipino

Disparities in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidence in California: An Update.

Given changes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence and the ethnodemographic landscape, we analyzed recent HCC incidence patterns and trends in California. Using 47,992 primary, invasive HCC cases diagnosed from 1988 to 2014 from the California Cancer Registry, we calculated age-adjusted incidence rates (IR), annual percent change (APC), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) by sex, race/ethnicity, and nativity among Hispanics and Asian ethnic groups. Compared with non-Hispanic Whites (NHW), all other racial/ethnic groups had higher HCC incidence. Vietnamese had the highest IRs (males: 47.4, 95% CI, 45.3-49.5; females: 14.1, 95% CI, 13.0-15.3). Foreign-born Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese had higher incidence than U.S.-born. The reverse was observed for Hispanic males, whereas no differences by nativity were seen for Hispanic females. IRs increased most for NHWs. Among Asians, male and female Filipinos and Japanese males experienced rate increases, whereas male and female Koreans and Chinese males experienced rate decreases. U.S.-born male and female Hispanics and Japanese had higher APCs than foreign-born, as did Filipino males, whereas Chinese males had a reverse pattern. Annual increases in HCC incidence slowed down in recent years for U.S.-born Hispanic males and females and stabilized among male NHWs and non-Hispanic Blacks. For some Asian groups, early time periods exhibited increasing/stable APCs, whereas later time periods showed decreasing APCs. We found significant racial/ethnic and nativity differences in HCC IRs and trends. With changing trends, closer surveillance of HCC incidence by disaggregated race/ethnicity and nativity is warranted among Hispanics and Asians.

Exiles, Displacements, and Relocation through the Trauma of Birth in Anak, Barcelona, Dubai, and Milan

Culture is the identification of a person or community’s origin. It is a set of values taught since birth and implemented throughout living. The variation of culture in the global setting is vast and allows other cultures to be affected by another. Filipino culture is very rich and passed down through generations, but Filipinos find it necessary to live and work away from their homeland. This study aims to prove the cultural ramifications experienced by the Filipino diaspora through selected Filipino movies. Anak, Barcelona, Dubai, and Milan shed light on the experiences of Filipino people overseas, especially their sufferings and sacrifices. With the guidance of Rank, Freire, and Propp, cultural ramification was observed in the portrayal of the selected movies which are not far from the real experiences of the Filipino diaspora.

Праздничная культура Филиппин – исторические истоки и значимость для населения

The article considers the phenomenon of fiesta as a religious Catholic holiday in the realities of the Philippines where it has acquired new, dis-tinctive features. The history of the fiesta tradition, its penetration and consolidation in the Philippines by the forces of the Spanish colonialists is given. The significance and functionality of the fiesta for the colonial Spanish authorities, its gradual assimilation into the Filipino culture, its acceptance by the Filipinos are analyzed. The author separately dwells on the role of fiesta in the formation of Filipino identity and the role of fiesta in the modern life of the Filipino population, in the cultural layer of the nation.

PHILIPPINE VALUES IN THE SUPERMODERN/HYPERMODERN AGE OF THE INTERNET

Hypermodernity is a condition through which we are overwhelmed with so many interests and where pursuits in life are reflected in the age of the Internet. The Internet and Internet-mediated-technologies produced both by it and from it represent a hypermodern existence that impacts how various Philippine values are currently performed. This paper focuses on two facets of the formation and development of the Philippine values system: the socio-historical perspective, and the impact of a technological innovation on the way we perceive ourselves that extends to how we socialize with each other in our communities. It discusses how the Philippine values system had been formally and technically incorporated into the “mainstream” discourse on the Filipino identity and revisits the proffered lenses within the context of a hypermodern space where the Internet, a technological development that disrupted the everyday life of Filipinos in the 21st century, is present. The narratives of students from the University of the Philippines (UP) concerning their immersion into the Internet world are examined to identify the impact of Internet technology on their current values system. The findings reveal how different, yet similar UP students are in their dispositions on being a UP student. The values they possess are reflected in the stories they share on what UP is to them and what it means to be a UP student. Identity and nationhood come up as facets of the understanding and practice of UP Diliman students of their values system. The Internet has functioned as, and will continue to be a venue where discussions on our identities (not a single one anymore) as Filipinos and our nationhood transpire. Ultimately, these communal socializations continue to remind us who we are and what we have become as Filipinos.Key words: Philippine values system, culture, Internet-mediated technology, supermodernity/hypermodernity

CUSSING AMONG THE KANKANAEY YOUTH

This paper explores the cuss words used by the Kankanaey young people of The Philippines, examines the reasons they use them and if these cuss words reflect their identity. It employs the qualitative approach and uses a semi-structured interview. Most of the cuss words are terms that range from taboo topics such as the genitals, to inoffensive terms such as body parts, to incapacity, and to words borrowed and modified from English, as well as those invented. These cuss words are usually used to express emotions that range from light to strong ones such as anger, disappointment, fright, or surprise.

The Philippines Indigenous Peoples Rights Act and ILO Convention 169 on tribal and indigenous peoples: exploring synergies for rights realisation

ABSTRACTThis article compares the Philippines’ Constitutional and legislative recognition of indigenous peoples’ rights with the provisions of ILO Convention 169 (C169). It contextualises the Philippines’ contemporary recognition of indigenous peoples’ rights, including the requirement to obtain their Free Prior Informed Consent (FPIC), within the country’s colonial and post-colonial legal frameworks and considers the challenges faced in implementing the 1997 Indigenous Peoples Rights Act (IPRA). It posits that ratification of C169 and engagement with the ILO Supervisory bodies could benefit the indigenous peoples of the Philippines, given the ILO’s extensive experience in overseeing the implementation of C169’s provisions on good faith consultations in the Latin American context. It argues the ILO’s tendency to occasionally resort to a binary veto-no-veto conception of FPIC disconnects the requirement for FPIC from the rights which it serves to safeguard. It suggests that ratification of C169 by the Philippines could assist the ILO Supervisory bodies to move beyond this conception of FPIC as a veto power. This broader rights-based conception of FPIC, as emerges from the IPRA, would be grounded on its historical underpinning, indigenous peoples’ customary laws, and its importance for the realisation of their self-determination and territorial rights as recognised under contemporary international law.

Is The Nation Still Imagined?: Re-imagining the Filipino in the Age of Facebook in Joselito Delos Reyes’ iStatus Nation

Is The Nation Still Imagined?: Re-imagining the Filipino in the Age of Facebook in Joselito Delos Reyes’ iStatus Nation

Zambal_Lect Android Based Application

Information Technology (IT) plays an important role in the lives of every Filipino. In learning, IT offers tutorials, which includes e-books, computer aided instructions and others that promotes knowledge. IT affects the culture of Filipino people which includes language and innovations like electronic dictionaries. In Zambales the dialect used by the people is what they called Sambali, the dialect spoken primarily in municipalities of Zambales and in some other areas such as Infanta in Pangasinan, Panitian in Quezon, Palawan and Barangay Mandaragat or Buncag of Puerto Prinsesa. Another prominent dialect is known as Sambal Botolan, Ilocano and Tagalog were also used. The main objective of the study is to construct an android application that can store Tagalog words, provide its definition and as well as translation to other locale dialects currently used in Zambales such as Sambal Tina, Sambal Botolan, Ilocano and English. Majority of the respondents are students of IT related course. With the level of acceptance of Zambal_Lect Tagalog Dictionary Android application measured in terms of information in the app, user interaction, technical aspects and local dialect development and learning. There is a significant difference in learning words between the traditional dictionary and Zambal_Lect in Tagalog words translated in Sambal Tina, Sambal Botolan, Ilocano and English. The major factor that affects the interest and level of learning of respondents includes the following; age, type of smartphone used, length of smartphone usage and the major dialect used by respondents.

Decades of Educational Excellence: A Case Study of A Successful Family-Owned Higher Educational Institution

This study critically examined a successful family-owned higher educational institution to identify the attributes and practices that may have led to its success. This research was confined to a private, non-sectarian, family-owned higher institution of learning that has been operating for more than fifty years, had only one founder, and had at least two transitions in terms of generation. Findings revealed nine themes – the presence of a positive (1) corporate culture and values, (2) shared vision, (3) corporate social responsibility, effective (4) corporate governance, a strong (5) human resource development program, a transformative (6) style of leadership, (7) strong family culture, (8) succession plan and effective (9) business strategies, attributes and practices contributory to the success of a family-owned higher education institution. Significantly, the dominant theme was anchored on corporate culture and values, which reflect the family orientation not only of the leaders in the institution but also the general culture of the Filipino people. It is concluded that these various themes form part of the holistic model that can appropriately analyze family firm performance in the field of education in terms of sustainability through several generations. Ultimately, sociological factors dominated this study's results, reflecting how culture impacts different processes and structures in a family-owned Higher Education Institution.

Bordering on sociocultural boundaries and diversity: negotiating Filipino identities in a Hong Kong multi-ethnic school

ABSTRACT This article illustrates the interface of ethnic identities and a multi-ethnic learning environment in a predominantly Chinese society. Hong Kong – whilst reputed as an Asian international city – has displayed reticence in promoting multicultural initiatives and inclusiveness at a policy level. In this context, this study draws on a sociocultural perspective and interviews with a group of ethnic minority Filipino secondary school students. The interview data point to juxtapositions of ethnic identities with reference to students’ interactions with peers from same and different ethnic groups, ethnic in-group practices, and a schooling discourse that reflects Chinese language expectations and recognition of cultural diversity. The analysis, as a result, specifies how schooling experiences in this case become grounds for identity tensions in being a Filipino and a Hong Kong person. These tensions caution against tacit sociocultural relations in learning environments resulting from school-initiated multicultural practices without broader and explicit policy support for culturally diverse student population.