Authority Figures Research Articles

The vulture in the room

ABSTRACT This case study explores the story of Eva, a 37-year-old woman who has embarked on a journey of psychotherapy to navigate the complexities of her past traumas and their manifestations in her present inability to set boundaries and assert her needs. The narrative unfolds through the intersubjective therapeutic relationship with a novice therapist who is also grappling with personal issues of competence and parallel dynamics of past abuse. The case illuminates the complexities of Eva’s life, from her violent childhood and oppressive family environment that demanded success at all costs to her traumatic experiences in academia and romantic relationships. Through the lens of intersubjective-systems theory and focusing on Brandchaft’s systems of pathological accommodation, the paper explores the patient’s struggle with self-cohesion and the internalized need to accommodate others to maintain a sense of security and attachment. The therapeutic encounter, characterized by a twinship in trauma becomes a site of transformation in which both patient and therapist navigate their vulnerabilities and strengths. The turning point in therapy occurs when the therapist inadvertently assumes the role of an authoritative figure, prompting Eva to express her own experience assertively.

Arctic disinformation on X (Twitter) – an empirical investigation

ABSTRACT Disinformation campaigns have been deployed on social media by foreign states to target democratic elections as well as sow distrust in traditional authority figures. Scarce attention has been devoted to study the intensity and nature of online disinformation in relation to Arctic issues. This article presents evidence from an empirical study that gathered 1.7 million messages posted on the social media X (Twitter) that addressed Arctic issues. In total, we manually coded 12 500 to detect if and how disinformation was present. We found that Arctic disinformation is first and foremost climate disinformation: climate deniers or minimizers are the main drivers of disinformation on the region. These accounts have used common strategies including cherry-picking data, providing anecdotal evidence and attacking scientists to push their arguments forward. Finally, we observed an increase in Arctic disinformation since Elon Musk expressed his intention to acquire the platform.

A Play to Be Read: Authorship as Marriage in Eliza Haywood’s A Wife to Be Lett (1723)

A Wife to Be Lett (1723), Eliza Haywood’s first original comedy, is often viewed as a casual early investment in drama more productively reoriented to novel writing. Taking a contrary view, this article shows how this early play is a sophisticated, self-reflective piece in which the author rehearses what became a recurrent motif in her writing: the unique hardships besetting women’s authorship. By drawing attention to the shared predicaments of wives and women writers, Haywood’s play offers a metaphoric figuration of the woman author as a wife, providing a twist to the common trope of the writer as prostitute. A Wife to Be Lett voiced a powerful criticism against the hypocrisy of a society that relied on women (as wives and writers) for the production and circulation of capital but obstructed their efforts to do so. The play’s radical depiction of women as figures of authority and social respectability in the twin markets of marriage and literature sheds light on the moderate success it had on the stage and its far longer afterlife in print.

The immigrant linguistic maturation of Asian American and Latinx language brokers

AbstractImmigrant children in the U.S. often learn English before their caretakers, leading them to take on the role of day‐to‐day translators (“language brokers”). This study explores the familial socialization of immigrant, linguistic‐minority families in the U.S. by drawing on deductive‐inductive thematic analysis of 14 semi‐structured interviews with Asian American and Latinx young adult language brokers reflecting on how this role shaped their childhoods and prepared them for adulthood. The bulk of interviewees experienced working‐class childhoods. Despite this, respondents seem to have experienced a family socialization model that reflects elements of both middle‐class and working‐class models. “Immigrant Linguistic Maturation” (ILM) consists of linguistic scaffolding in English and heritage languages, verbal airtime, and engagement with authority figures, while also leading children to hold adult knowledge, roles, and responsibilities. Racial and ethnic differences primarily lie in the actors involved in ILM socialization processes. Extended family, and especially grandparents, played a more active role in the ILM socialization of Asian American brokers, while ILM socialization of Latinx brokers was primarily driven by parents, particularly mothers. The case of Asian American and Latinx language brokers calls attention to the importance of factors like immigrant background and linguistic marginalization in shaping familial socialization.

Unmasking the narcissism and workaholism dilemma: A parallel and sequential mediation dance of perfectionism and paranoia in diverse organizational environments

Narcissistic workaholics are preoccupied with establishing themselves as authoritative figures in order to hold status. The need to achieve the highest status can become obsessive for certain people, driving them to continuously test their limitations. The same can be said about the mind when it comes to any kind of addiction and work life-stressor. Those who suffer from perfectionism have unrealistically high standards for themselves. In this mental state, paranoia might develop. The purpose of this paper was to investigate these concerns. So far, we hypothesized that, according to the Whole Trait Theory, narcissist suffering from perfectionism and paranoid personality disorder positively linked with workaholism Using multi-source data of 450 responses from leaders-subordinates' dyads working in 20 Pakistanis Industries (which include Information Technology, Banking and finance, and healthcare). The data was analyzed using PLS-SEM. The results showed that narcissism is positively linked with workaholism, while perfectionism and paranoia first parallel mediates this relationship, and in comparative view, the complex sequential serial mediation model mediated first through paranoid personality disorder and then perfectionism. Employee mental health should be prioritized, and positive workaholism should be encouraged.

Factors Influencing Data Utilization and Performance of Health Management Information Systems: A Case Study

The Healthcare Management Information System (HCMIS) is a comprehensive collection of data systematically gathered at healthcare institutions to fulfill the requirements for statistical information on medical services. This research aimed to assess the use of HCMIS information and identify the elements that impact the efficiency of the medical system at the district and primary medical institution levels in Tanzania as a case study. This research was conducted in 11 districts in Tanzania and included 115 healthcare institutions. It was cross-sectional research. The data were gathered via a semi-structured survey given to healthcare professionals at the institution and district stages. The information was then recorded utilizing an observational checklist. The researchers used an analytical technique for thematic content to combine and validate the replies and findings and gather essential data. 93 healthcare institution personnel and 13 district authorities were surveyed. Approximately 61% of the facility participants said they utilized the HCMIS information, but only 39% of the district participants acknowledged consistently analyzing HCMIS information. Out of the participants from nine districts, 68% said that they regularly get feedback on the quality of their work from authority figures monthly and quarterly. The patient workload was often shown to significantly impact the efficiency of staff members in data collection and administration. Insufficient analysis and subpar use of information were prevalent in most districts and healthcare institutions in Tanzania. Inadequate human and financial resources, absence of rewards and monitoring, and lack of standard processes for data handling significantly hindered the HCMIS efficiency in Tanzania.

Factors Influencing the Adoption of Electric Jeepneys: A Philippine Perspective

The implementation of e-jeepneys stands as a change process that will eventually transition to the modernization of the public transport system in the Philippines. To address concerns about jeepneys’ effects on the environment, energy use, society, the economy, and policies, their acceptability in the Philippines must be considered. This research study aims to identify the sources of influence on Filipinos’ adoption of e-jeepney utilization as a mode of transportation using the extended Pro-Environmental Planned Behavior (PEBP) model. A total of 502 commuters voluntarily answered the survey questionnaire. Based on the findings, perceived environmental concern (PEC) is the most significant determinant influencing attitude (AT) and, thus, affecting the Filipinos’ behavioral intention (BI) towards the adoption of e-jeepneys. Conversely, AT was the primary determinant of BI, which strongly supported the notion of AT as a strong driving force shaping behavioral decisions. Moreover, perceived authority support (PAS) emerged as a strong predictor of subjective norms (SNs), demonstrating the influence of institutional support on societal perceptions. As a result, more environmentally conscious people are more likely to view e-jeepneys positively and intend to use them as a mode of transportation. The endorsement or support from authoritative figures or institutions notably influences subjective norms, which are individuals’ perceptions of social pressures regarding the use of e-jeepneys.

Interaction of Humans and Autonomous Robots

With the progression of technology, autonomous robots are increasingly integrated into various sectors of society, including settings as diverse as workplaces, healthcare, transport and artistic realms. These robots are not only serving in traditional servant roles but are also emerging as partners, team members, and even authoritative figures in certain situations. Naturally, these developments are reflected in domains such as trust, cooperation, obedience to authority or social ethics. As robots assume diverse roles, from therapists, drivers, co-pilots, artists to influencers, humans exhibit varying attitudes towards them. We investigate several instances of human-robot interactions and discuss their broader implications.

Discipline Body and Digital Panopticism to Woman Instagram Influencer through Hijab Discourse

In contemporary society, the migration of interactions among millennials, particularly Muslim women serving as influencers, to digital platforms has spurred an intriguing shift. However, this transition is fraught with complexities as these women encounter digital media panopticism, constraining their liberty of expression. This study delves into the propagation of hijab discourse within millennial influencer circles via digital channels, aiming to unveil the established truths propagated by authoritative figures. Employing Foucault’s notion of panopticism, discursive practices, and Howe-Strauss’ Millennial generation, this research employs critical constructionism, qualitative methodologies, and in-depth interviews to unravel the pervasive digital panopticism shaping the disciplined digital personas of these influencers. The investigation uncovers how authorities utilize digital panopticism to regulate influencers, aligning with Foucault’s theories. This discreet strategy amplifies influence while perpetuating continuous surveillance through participatory transparency. By penalizing deviations from the hijab discourse, authorities instill fear, prompting self-discipline on social media platforms. Despite influencers’ vigilance, the opaque nature of control fosters ambiguity, highlighting the subtle yet profound impact of power dynamics in digital spaces. This observation echoes Foucault’s discourse on subtle regulatory mechanisms in contemporary society, underscoring the pervasive influence of power dynamics in digital spheres.

Tratamiento Procesal de la Autoridad Parental en el contexto migratorio de Nicaragua

This paper aims to analyze the figure of Parental Authority in Nicaragua within the framework of the constitutionalization of family law. This family law is expressed in the enforcement of fundamental rights in family relationships and their regulation in the Nicaraguan Family Code (2014). This code imposes a new approach to facilitate the exercise of duties and rights among family members, including those related to Parental Authority. This situation causes different family resources to be involved in legal proceedings, such as custody disputes, judicial authorization requests for children and adolescents to leave the country, care and upbringing issues, and the increasingly prevalent actions of Suspension or Loss of Parental Authority. These include guardianship to obtain exclusive legal representation of children in the migratory context. The study will analyze the relevant legal provisions, their application, and interpretation in court, as well as comparative law. The conclusion highlights the necessity of delimiting the powers of Parental Authority to delegate them to other family resources. It identifies the main actions that can be pursued, what can or cannot be reconciled, and how these rights should be exercised. Additionally, it provides some judicial criteria from Nicaraguan family authorities related to the topic and offers recommendations.

Rates and Reasons for Not Reporting Religious Discrimination to Authority Figures

Research has found that many individuals who believe they have experienced discrimination do not report the incident to a relevant authority figure. Much of this research has focused on gender- and race-based discrimination, with relatively little research examining religion-based discrimination. Using data from a representative sample of U.S. adults, this research note examines the rate of reporting religious discrimination to authorities and the reasons given for non-reporting. Our analysis finds that only 13 percent of individuals perceiving religious discrimination report the experience to a relevant authority figure. The most common reason for non-reporting is a belief that nothing could be done, although the reasons given for non-reporting depend in part on the specific context or type of discrimination experienced. Moreover, relative to Christians, Muslims are significantly more likely to attribute their non-reporting to a belief that nothing could be done and a fear of personal risks.

Liberatory Praxis in Operatic Rehearsal Processes

As a young operatic performer-scholar, I have observed issues in the industry that I believe stem from opera’s complex, authoritative power structure and many of its leaders’ refusals to change this structure. In working towards rectifying these issues, I ask: How can the operatic rehearsal process, specifically, embrace measures of liberatory praxis and power disruption? Drawing on secondary literature regarding historical practices, philosophies of power, and liberatory praxis in music education, and a roundtable discussion I facilitated among opera practitioners on leadership and power structures, I developed a workshop in which I aimed to enable singers’ agency using alternative rehearsal methods. This workshop used a collaborative, democratic structure which honoured each participant’s expertise and prioritized discussions of the goals of the workshop and of each individual participant. Although some singers seemed uneasy with a collaborative structure of rehearsal as opposed to one with a central authoritative figure, my personal observations and a survey completed by workshop participants showed that singers gained agency through the employment of democratic, liberatory rehearsal praxis. Based on these results, I recommend that opera companies adopt a structure of democracy and collaborative discussion of personal and social praxis to expand singers’ agency. These results also suggest that continued study in singers’ praxis, agency, and power in operatic processes is needed.

Teachers Are Not Oppressors

Teachers must create a safe, comfortable and positive environment during learning so that students experience a pleasant process so that they focus on learning. Students should not be stressed when taking lessons because it will make students not want to be creative. Teachers are often seen as authoritarian figures who can intimidate students, as oppressors who only want to impose their will without considering students' needs. The method used in this research is a qualitative method through literature study sourced from various journal articles, books and other references to facilitate understanding of the objects discussed. The focus of this research is whether teachers are bullies or teachers who are not bullies. Teachers have good character or good personality competence, respect other people, have a passion for teaching, nurturing, encouraging and motivating, and create a safe and positive learning environment to produce students who are useful to many people. Teachers are not oppressors. Teachers are not people who force or pressure students, but rather educators who are wise, encouraging, and a source of comfort and support for students' positive development. Interactions between teachers and students should be based on respect, understanding and good communication. So the profession shown by a teacher is that teachers are not oppressors.

The Authority and Domination of Kyai in Forming Religious Discourse and Practice in Islamic Boarding Schools

This article discusses the authority of the kiai and its dominance in an effort to construct religious discourse and practice in a pesantren. In the reasoning construction of pesantren, kyai is the single figure of the highest authority. On the other side, pesantren is a homogeneous educational institution that allows students (santri) from various socio-religious backgrounds to study religion in one place. The diversity of the background of the santri is very likely to be ignored by the kiai as the holder of the highest religious authority and effect to the practice of domination. In this case, the author conducted a study at the LSQ ar-Rohmah Islamic Boarding School, Bantul, Yogyakarta. This research is a qualitative research using two reading theories, Max Weber's theory of authority and Pierre Bourdieu's theory of dominance. The results of this study indicate that the kiai as the highest authority holder reflects at least two models of authority at once, charismatic authority because of his scientific capacity and traditional authority inherited from his predecessors. As the holder of authority and strengthened by the accumulation of economic capital, culture and symbols, the kiai has full power in formulating, determining and directing religious discourses and practices that take place in pesantren. Meanwhile, santri as a dominated group are only able to practice religious discourses and practices as part of the pesantren curriculum.

The Relationship Between Attitudes Toward Authority and Innovative Behavior in Adolescents: The Mediating Roles of Social Support and Perspective Taking

ABSTRACTParents and teachers are significant authority figures that substantially impact adolescents' psychological and cognitive development, including their creativity. The current study investigated the relationship between adolescents' attitudes toward authority (parents and teachers) and innovative behavior and examined the mediating effects of social support and perspective taking. According to attachment theory, adolescents' attitudes toward authority may derive from early interaction with primary caregivers, primarily parents. Individuals internalize these interaction experiences and form internal working models, which will be applied in later life stages when interacting with authority figures. These early life experiences also influence individuals' sense of support and empathy abilities. Through analyzing a sample comprising 1,498 adolescents from Taiwan, this study unveils a significant association between adolescents' perceptions of authority and their proclivity for innovative conduct, as well as their levels of social support and capacity for perspective taking. Employing structural equation modeling (SEM), the empirical findings accentuate the mediating role of social support and perspective taking in delineating the nexus between adolescents' attitude toward authority and their manifestation of innovative behavior. The results revealed that adolescents with positive attitudes toward authority are likely to sense support, stand from other viewpoints, and further benefit creativity.

The Relationship between Cyber Violence and Cyber Sex Crimes: Understanding the Perception of Cyber Sex Crimes as Systemic Issues.

This study examines the relationship between cyber violence and cyber sex crimes, specifically focusing on these crimes as systemic issues among adolescents. The research highlights the severe impact of cyber sex crimes, characterized by the non-consensual sharing of sexually explicit content. It examines various factors that may contribute to witnessing cyber sex crimes, including exposure to violent online content, personal experiences of cyber violence (either as a victim or perpetrator), and the role of parental and teacher interventions. Utilizing data from a nationwide survey conducted by the Korea Communications Commission, the study analyzes responses from 9016 adolescents in 2021 and 9693 in 2022. This analysis reveals significant predictors of witnessing cyber sex crimes and examines how perceptions of cyber violence and interventions of authoritative figures may influence adolescents' perception of cyber sex crimes as either systemic or individual issues. With females disproportionately affected, the findings underscore a gendered aspect of cyber violence. Furthermore, these insights suggest that perceiving cyber violence as a serious issue leads to viewing cyber sex crimes as systemic problems necessitating societal intervention. The study advocates for enhanced digital literacy education and systemic changes to protect adolescents from the widespread threats of cyber violence and sex crimes.

‘What’s a D and C between friends?’ Space, intimacy and the medicalisation of unmotherhood in modernist literature

This essay theorises what ‘unmotherhood’—or, living outside of motherhood—means within the specific context of ‘the modern’. Unmotherhood is an actively constructed state; it is explored through the parameters of agentive...

Barriers to Incident Reporting by Physicians: A Survey of Surgical Residents and Attending Physicians.

Objectives Incident reporting is vital to a culture of safety; however, physicians report at an alarmingly low rate. This study aimed to identify barriers to incident reporting among surgeons at a quaternary care center. Methods A survey was created utilizing components of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) validated survey on patient safety culture. This tool was distributed to residents and attending physicians in general surgery and urology at a single academic medical center. Responses were de-identified and recorded for data analysis using REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture) database tool (Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States). Results We received 39 survey responses from 116 residents and attending physicians (34% response rate), including nine urologists and 30 general surgeons (24 attendings, 15 residents). Residents and attendings feel the person is being written up and not the issue (67%) and that there is a lack of feedback after changes are implemented (64%), though most believe adequate action is taken to address patient safety concerns (72%). Most do not report near-misses (64%), only significant adverse events (59%). Residents are likely to stay silent when patient safety events involve those in authority (60%).Faculty feel those in authority are open to patient safety concerns (67%), though residents feel neutral (47%) or disagree (33%). Conclusion Underreporting of incidents among physicians remains multifaceted and complex, from fear of retaliation to lack of feedback. Residents tend to feel less comfortable addressing authority figures when concerned about patient safety. While misunderstanding still exists about the applications and utility of incident reporting, a focus on quality over quantity could afford more meaningful progress toward high reliability in healthcare.

Digitising Interpretation: Transforming Tafsir Al-Mishbah in the Context of the Living Quran

This research aims to explore the relationship between digitizing interpretation, texts, messages, and societal practices through the transformation, reception, and deconstruction of Tafsir Al-Mishbah. The issue of digitizing interpretation is often viewed solely through the lens of technological transition and historical narrative, overlooking its societal implications. This study seeks to delve into the interplay among these elements by examining the digitization process, features of the digital application, and societal reception of Tafsir Al-Mishbah. It outlines three problem formulations: the digitalization process, features in the digital application, and reception within the digitization phenomenon. To address these formulations, a qualitative netnographic research method was employed. Data were collected through observation and documentation, primarily from video recordings on the Quraish Shihab YouTube channel, which provides insights into the digitization process and various versions of Tafsir Al-Mishbah. The research concludes that digitalization serves as a means to transform Tafsir Al-Mishbah, enabling independent Qur’an study while maintaining ties with authoritative figures. It bridges innovations with limitations present in printed editions, catering to the public's needs. Furthermore, the digitization of Tafsir Al-Mishbah is closely tied to Quraish Shihab's interpretation of divine promises, as referenced in QS. al-Qamar [54]: 17, 22, 32, and 40. This study highlights the often-overlooked aspects of digitalization, showcasing its relationship with innovation, ideology, and public reception. It underscores that the transformation of religious texts, including the Qur’an and Tafsir, contributes to the discourse on the living Qur’an and living Tafsir.

Child Education from Islamic and Western Perspectives

Child education is a crucial aspect of individual and societal development. This study discusses and compares the concepts of child education from Islamic and Western perspectives, focusing on educational objectives, teaching methods, and the role of teachers. The background of this research stems from the need to understand the differences and similarities between these two approaches to create a more holistic and inclusive educational system. This research employs a library research method, gathering data from various relevant primary and secondary literature, including books, academic journals, and research articles. Data analysis is conducted descriptively and comparatively to identify the main themes, differences, and similarities in child education concepts from both perspectives. The findings indicate that child education from the Islamic perspective emphasizes character and spirituality formation, while Western education focuses more on developing critical thinking skills and active participation in society. Teaching methods in Islam are holistic, emphasizing moral and spiritual education, whereas Western education employs student-centered and interactive approaches. The role of the teacher in Islamic education is more of a moral exemplar and authoritative figure, whereas in Western education, the teacher acts as a facilitator supporting student exploration. The conclusion of this research is that integrating Islamic and Western educational approaches can result in a more comprehensive educational system, which not only develops the intellectual aspects but also the moral and spiritual aspects of children. Therefore, it is recommended to develop curricula and teaching methods that combine the moral values of Islamic education with the critical and creative approaches of Western education. Adequate teacher training is also essential to support the implementation of a holistic and student-centered educational approach.