FIFA World Cup In Brazil Research Articles

On the trace of the 2014 FIFA World Cup: critical reflections on the production of urban space in Itaquera, São Paulo, SP

The 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil gave rise to a series of studies on the production of space and tourism and the participation of mega-events in urban planning. The planning of the space aimed at hosting the FIFA World Cup reoriented the social practice of the host cities and deepened the existing segregations. This work aims to analyze the process of production of urban space as a result of mega-events based on the case study of the neighborhood of Itaquera, São Paulo, based on a critical perspective and considering the demands of the population. From the neoliberal perspective of strategic planning applied in cities, we seek to understand the production of space in the host city, from the point of view of public decisions and also from the perception of the local population. For this, interviews were conducted with residents of Itaquera. When reflecting on Itaquera, we identify that a new centrality is established, which helps us to understand the ongoing processes of space production in the region. Although part of the urban transformations took place during the city's preparation period for the mega-event, the criticism presented in this work rests on a modus operandi according to which the collective production of a fairer and more accessible space for the population effectively did not come true.

A Mulatto Brazil – the narrative of the Dionysian character of Brazilian society in the 2014 FIFA World Cup

ABSTRACT The 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil conveyed – by its slogan, mascot, posters and ceremonies – the idea of a Mulatto Brazil (an inventive and festive nation under the sign of two idiosyncratic worlds). We argue that such a reference – based on the duality between Dionysius and Apollo (as contemplated by Nietzsche and brought to the context of Brazil and football by Freyre) – was used as a means of bringing forward an idea of the exceptionality of Brazilian society (based on nationalist concepts of ethnicity) to attract tourists, ease social tensions and justify the event’s costs.

FIFA/Coca-Cola World Rankings on the Predictability of the Men’s and Women’s FIFA World Cup: A Comparative Analysis

Since 1992, the International Federation of Association Football
 (FIFA) has been ranking senior men’s national soccer teams based on a variety
 of criteria. In 2003, FIFA extended the FIFA/Coca-Cola World Rankings into
 ranking senior women’s national soccer teams. The FIFA/Coca-Cola World
 Rankings published just before the 1994 FIFA World Cup USA, 1998 FIFA
 World Cup France, 2002 FIFA World Cup Korea/Japan, 2006 FIFA World Cup
 Germany, 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa, 2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil,
 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia, 2003 FIFA World Cup USA, 2007 FIFA World
 Cup China, 2011 FIFA World Cup Germany, 2015 FIFA World Cup Canada,
 and the 2019 FIFA World Cup France were considered. These rankings were
 compared to the final results of those FIFA World Cups based on two different
 methods of displaying the teams finish and were analyzed. Of the top 16
 teams in each of the Men’s FIFA World Cups, 74.1% of those teams advanced
 to the Round of 16. Meanwhile, 83.9% of the top 12 teams in each of the
 Women’s FIFA World Cups advanced to the Round of 16 or Quarterfinals.
 The Pearson correlation coefficient between the Pre-Tournament rankings and
 final results was calculated using both ranking methods. The Women’s World
 Cups had higher Pearson correlation coefficients for both methods than the
 Men’s World Cups. In addition, the Women’s World Cups had higher t-values
 and z-scores than the Men’s World Cup when tested for independence and
 association between the Pre-Tournament rankings and final results using both
 ranking methods. These findings indicate that the Women’s World Cups were
 more predictable than Men’s World Cups based on the FIFA/Coca-Cola World
 Rankings.

Baianas de Acarajé against FIFA: Coloniality Nowadays

This article presents the case of the conflict between the baianas de acarajé and the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (International Federation of Football Associations – FIFA), in Salvador, Brazil, analyzed in my master dissertation developed between 2013 and 2015. Due the FIFA World Cup in Brazil in 2014, baianas de acarajé, a productive group of black women whose craft is considered immaterial patrimony of afro-Brazilian culture, faced the possibility of being prohibited to work during the games of the championship. Starting in 2012, baianas de acarajé started a struggle against FIFA and the Brazilian state through demonstrations on the streets, collection of signatures via virtual petition and negotiation with the state. After this struggle, some baianas of the Association of Baianas de Acarajé (ABAM) were able to work in the Arena Fonte Nova of Salvador, in the city of Salvador (Brazil), in accordance with FIFA requirements. However, as evidenced by the ethnographic work, most of them had their right to work violated, and had to find other means of obtaining income in the period. It presents some results of the investigation about this struggle, undertaken in Salvador de Bahia between 2013 and 2014, based on the following questions: How did the relationship between baianas de acarajé and FIFA form and develop? How did the baianas de acarajé reacted and what did this dispute mean for the performance of their craft? In this scenario, it was possible to identify an amefrican pattern of resistance and survival of baianas de acarajé, with the circumstantial mobilization of the category of heritage as well as other strategies of struggle. From this case, the characteristics of the current pattern of exploitation and domination of capitalism and how the coloniality of power, of being and of knowledge are manifested can be analyzed.

Political regime and the impact of sporting success on national pride: a quasi-natural experiment in Germany

ABSTRACT This study aims to identify the impact of sporting success on national pride. Scholars have examined the association between elite sports and national sentiment. However, the association between the impact of successful elite sports on national pride and the influence of past political regimes remains uncertain. This study examines how the national pride of Germans changed with the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil by analysing the social survey data of the German General Social Survey 2014. This research analyses the fluctuation of general national pride and sport-related national pride through sports events. Germany is selected as an ideal context for research. Because the German national team won the 2014 FIFA World Cup, comparative analysis of East and West Germans allows to consider the influence of past sport-related national identity policy on current residents during an event that involved victory in a sport. The results show that both East and West Germans experienced increased feelings of sport-related national pride during the World Cup. Furthermore, East Germans’ sport-related national pride increased slightly more than West German after they witnessed the success of national athletes in the World Cup. However, general national pride decreased slightly from before the World Cup to after the event. Thus, the impact of sporting success on national pride depends on past sport policy, but the influence of past political regime is small. And the impact of sporting success is restricted to the sport-related domain of national pride.

Professional football players as role models in smoking prevention

AIM: High-profile athletes are often promoted as role models, being portrayed as providing positive messages such as good health attitudes, which are assumed to be related to their success. As the logic behind using high-profile athletes as role models is also the argument for linking sports performance to not smoking, the objective of the present study was to compare publicly smoking players and nonsmoking players with regard to their football performances during the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil.

Outlands – Case Study on the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil

Was the 2014 FIFA World Cup a blessing or a curse for Brazil? And could the hosting states benefit from the tournament in an economic recession? This study investigates whether the World Cup was a catalyst for Brazil’s economic downturn, after a prosperous decade of poverty reduction, political recognition and event planning. Therefore, Brazil’s economic situation between 2002 – 2019 is investigated on different alternative aspects before turning an eye on the hosting of the World Cup and later on Summer Olympics. The results show a negative economic impact for the hosting states of the World Cup on the GDP per capita growth, especially in preparing (-6.9 percent) and processing the aftermath (-11.25 percent). But also, that the World Cup itself seems to have a positive component, while the Olympics constantly harm the regional economy (-16.91 percent). This further indicates that emerging markets should not host mega-sport events to achieve economic goals.

The 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil: the promised legacy was dribbled past

The 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil: the promised legacy was dribbled past

Beyond the Maracanazo: the World Cup, diplomacy and the international exposure of Brazilian football in 1950

ABSTRACT The memory of the 1950 FIFA World Cup in Brazil is inextricably bound up with Brazil’s defeat against Uruguay in the tournament’s deciding game. Known afterwards as the Maracanazo, it was a source of national collective grief. Literature on the topic has mainly adopted an internal perspective, highlighting the significance of the Maracanazo and this sporting event in terms of nation building. However, drawing on archives (FIFA, Brazil’s ministry of foreign affairs) and European newspapers, this article addresses the visibility and prestige that the 1950 World Cup brought to Brazilian football. An analysis of the tournament’s organization in the postwar context reveals its dimensions and international impact and raises two questions: Did the Brazilian organizers and authorities, particularly the diplomatic service, envision this World Cup as an opportunity to promote their country? And what representations of Brazil and Brazilian football were conveyed by the European journalists dispatched to South America to cover the competition?

Sports mega-events and overestimated promises: the case of the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil

ABSTRACTThis work aimed to identify the legacy left by the 2014 World Cup in Brazil regarding tourism development and urban mobility. A qualitative research was performed using descriptive statistics to assist discussion. Data were gathered from the the Brazilian Government and Fédération Internationale de Football Association – FIFA. Results pointed out that foreseen investments were not fulfilled. Failure to carry out all the projects and actions judged necessary and justified by the mega-event confirmed the research hypothesis that expenditures were underestimated and the magnitude of benefits of the expected legacy was overestimated.

Priming Host City Physical Legacy Plans: The Bidding Chronicles of Brazil's Derailed Sporting Event Infrastructure Projects

This article presents a case study of the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil and the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro to explore infrastructure development and physical legacies connected to the planning, bidding, and staging of mega-sporting events. Primary data were collected in Cuiabá in two phases during the 2014 World Cup and after the event in 2015. This entailed participant observation, structured observation, document analysis, and 15 semistructured interviews with the local population, as well as current and former government and stadium employees. Following the Rio 2016 Olympic Games primary data were collected from Porto Maravilha, Rio de Janeiro. In January 2018, 15 semistructured interviews were undertaken with tour operators and cultural businesses. Significant evidence indicates the ineffectiveness of urban and rural infrastructure development and facility improvements, delays and cancellations in infrastructure programs, stadiums and venues overshooting their original costs and budgetary requirements, and controversial targeted transport interventions. Practical managerial recommendations and strategies are offered to aid the implementation, management, and maintenance of host city infrastructure during the planning, bidding, hosting, and post-sporting event phases.

FIFA World Cup and climate change: correlation is not causation. [Copa del Mundo FIFA y cambio climático: correlación no implica causalidad

Sports analytics is defined as the process that identifies and acquires knowledge and insight about players and teams’ performances. To do so, analysts use a wide variety of data sources coming from matches and individual players’ performances (O'Donoghue & Holmes 2014; Jayal, McRobert, Oatley & O’Donoghue, 2018). Nowadays, detailed data from different nature including technical skills, individual physiological performances, team formations, or injuries are analysed on a daily basis by the analytics departments belonging to sports clubs and professional franchises. Even private companies like STATS or OPTA generate important revenues offering their movement tracking values and advanced metrics to media and fans. In the emerging field of Sports Analytics, as in many others, analysts must be aware of spurious correlations. These can come up due to the size (not nature) of data, a common-causal variable or just due to serendipity. For this reason, we always must keep in mind the lessons of the statistician Stephen John Senn and his sharp quote on the matter: “Statistics is not just about merely warning that correlation is not causation. Sometimes correlation isn’t even correlation”. Thus, we will explain an example of how climate change can be affecting, or not, on the FIFA World Cup performance statistics. https://doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2019.057ed References/referencias Allmers, S., & Maennig, W. (2009). Economic impacts of the FIFA Soccer World Cups in France 1998, Germany 2006, and outlook for South Africa 2010. Eastern Economic Journal, 35 (4), 500-519. https://doi.org/10.1057/eej.2009.30 Castellano, J.; Casamichana, D., & Lago, C. (2012). The use of match statistics that discriminate between successful and unsuccessful soccer teams. Journal of Human Kinetics, 31 (1), 137-147. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10078-012-0015-7 Jayal, A., McRobert, A., Oatley, G., & O’Donoghue, P. (2018). Sports Analytics: Analysis, Visualisation and Decision Making in Sports Performance . Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315222783 Kakamu, T.; Wada, K.; Smith, D. R.; Endo, S., & Fukushima T. (2017). Preventing heat illness in the anticipated hot climate of the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympic Games. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine 22 (68), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12199-017-0675-y Matzarakis, A., & Frohlich, D. (2015). Sport events and climate for visitors-the case of FIFA World Cup in Qatar 2022. International Journal of Biometeorology, 59 (4), 481-586. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-014-0886-5 Mohr, M.; Nybo, L.; Grantham, J., & Racinais, S. (2012). Physiological Responses and Physical Performance during Football in the Heat. PLoS ONE, 7 (6), e39202. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0039202 NASA (2018). Global Climate Change, Vital Signs of the Planet . [Internet] http://climate.nasa.gov/ (last accessed, Jul. 18) Nassis, G. P.; Brito, J.; Dvorak, J.; Chalabi, H.; & Racinais, S. (2015). The association of environmental heat stress with performance: analysis of the 2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49 (9), 609-613. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2014-094449 Nicolau, J. L., & Sharma, A. (2018). A generalization of the FIFA World Cup effect. Tourism Management, 66 (June), 315-317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2017.12.014 Liu, H.; Gomez, M. A.; Lago-Penas, C., & Sampaio, J. (2015). Match statistics related to winning in the group stage of 2014 Brazil FIFA World Cup. Journal of Sports Sciences, 33 (12), 1205-1213. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2015.1022578 O’Donoghue, P., & Holmes, L. (2014). Data analysis in sport . Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315816357 Pachuari R. K.; Allen, M. R.; Barros, V. R.; Broome, J.; Cramer, W.; Christ, R., et al. (2014). Climate change 2014: synthesis report. Contribution of working groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva. Retrieved from: https://epic.awi.de/id/eprint/37530/1/IPCC_AR5_SYR_Final.pdf Ramdas, B.; van Gaalen, R., & Bolton, J. (2015). The Announcement Impact of Hosting the FIFA World Cup on Host Country Stock Markets. Procedia Economics Finance, 30 , 226-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)01290-3 Robinson, W. S. (1950). Ecological correlations and the behaviour of individuals. American Sociological Review, 15 (3), 351-357. https://doi.org/10.2307/2087176 Rumpf, M. C.; Silva, J. R.; Hertzog, M.; Farooq, A., & Nassis, G. (2017). Technical and physical analysis of the 2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil: winners vs. losers. The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, 57 (10), 1338-1343. Vandenbroucke, J. P.; Broadbent, A., & Pearce, N. (2016). Causality and causal inference in epidemiology: the need for a pluralistic approach. International Journal of Epidemiology, 45 (6), 1776-1786. https://doi.org/10.2307/2087176 Vigen, T. (2015). Spurious Correlations . Hachette Books. Wikipedia (2018). FIFA World Cup-related lists . [Internet] (last accessed, Jul. 18). Retrieved from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:FIFA_World_Cup-related_lists

“The land of football”: An analysis of media coverage of the 2014 FIFA World Cup and its effects on people’s perceptions of Brazil

Mega-sporting events are followed by a global audience. Through numerous telecasts and productions shown during pre- and post-match coverage or in news media reports, the audience is provided with many insights and substantial background information about the host country. This visibility in the international media offers host countries a good opportunity to promote themselves. This study explores whether the media coverage during the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil influenced Germans’ perceptions about the host country. A content analysis of topic-related articles (N = 3,419) from German telecasts, newspapers, and online media was performed to identify the main topics and tone in media coverage (study 1). Additionally, a two-wave panel survey was conducted before and after the World Cup, asking participants (N = 431) about their attitudes toward Brazil-related topics (study 2). Results indicate that coverage was mostly homogenous across all of the media channels with regard to the frequency and tone of the addressed topics. Findings from the panel survey show that especially those topics and media messages that were most frequently reported (e.g., nature and safety) or that were predominantly negative (e.g., the standard of living and economic situation) influenced people’s perceptions of Brazil in line with the coverage. It is concluded that transferred information about host countries has the power to influence the way in which these countries are perceived by the media audience. The role of the media in the process of image building and its implications for host countries are discussed.

Dois Espaços Mágicos? – O Estádio dos Aflitos e a Arena Pernambuco sob o olhar da Antropologia da Supermodernidade de Marc Augé

Having the arenas construction for the FIFA World Cup Brazil, Clube Náutico Capibaribe’s fans meets in the middle of a major change scenario: on one hand, the old stadium, laden with affective meanings; on the other, Arena Pernambuco, product and stage of new consumption patterns linked to football in contemporary society. Following Marc Augé’s Anthropology of Supermodernity as theorethical lens, from an approach aligned to the Consumer Culture Theory (CCT), we undergone present ethnographic study, in the period of game exchange mands from one stadium to other, in order to understand such stadium symbolic constructions as identity spaces for the blank-red supporters. We observed that Aflitos is a space with strong identity ties with the fans. Arena Pernambuco, however, began only seen as a modern space, but became to have its characteristics and new habits gradually assimilated.

Estrategias sindicales en dos grandes empresas fragmentadas y filiales de Coca-Cola en Chile

El artículo analiza las estrategias sindicales mediante las cuales los peonetas subcontratados por dos grandes empresas del sector de distribución de la industria de bebestibles en Chile (filiales de The Coca Cola Company), intentan superar las limitaciones estructurales de sus procesos de trabajo y de sus condiciones de empleo. Para esto se sintetizaron dos investigaciones cualitativas basadas en la observación participante durante tres años (2014-2016) con la Federación que aglutina a los trabajadores peonetas de ambas empresas (FENASIPEC). Recurriendo a las teorías de los procesos de trabajo, de la empresa en red y al enfoque de los recursos de poder se concluye que una de las principales fortalezas del sindicalismo de los peonetas de Coca-Cola está en su poder asociativo, particularmente en el “núcleo militante” de la FENASIPEC, que ejercerá un rol clave en la creación y articulación de los diferentes sindicatos regionales de peonetas. Así también, movilizaron con éxito su poder estructural “en el lugar de la distribución” de mercancías de Coca-Cola con una paralización nacional de más de diez días en el contexto de la realización de la Copa Mundial de la FIFA Brasil 2014.

The elite athlete as a special risk traveler and the jet lag's effect: lessons learned from the past and how to be prepared for the next Olympic Games 2020 Tokyo.

Elite athletes have to travel long-haul distances and cross multiple meridians; thus, a unique syndrome named as jet-lag is induced. Furthermore, traveler athletes are submitted to several factors negatively affecting their well-being and athletic performance. This qualitative descriptive study aims to promote safely and future promising participations of elite athletes in great events, such as the next Olympic Games 2020 Tokyo, based on the chronobiology of jet-lag, factors affecting the traveler athlete and previous experiences from the 2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil, the 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia and the Olympic Games Rio 2016. A narrative review of the literature across a broad cross-section of the chronobiology of jet-lag and factors affecting the traveler athlete was undertaken. In addition, a general analysis based on the past sport events aforementioned is also included. The jet-lag disorder may occur after transmeridian travel over more than three time-zones and the resynchronization is dependent on the direction and number of the time-zones crossed and the availability and the intensity of local circadian time cues. Also the athlete's ability to sleep, eat, get hydrated and train, are essential, as well as, others individual tolerance differences, such as age, gender, chronotype and ethnic differences. Athletes should arrive a number of days before the competition according to the number of time-zone transitions experienced. Jet-lag is usually benign and self-limited, but can occasionally have serious consequences for the athlete's mental and physical health and performance. A good plan concerning the athlete's traveling schedule, sleeping, eating and training before and after travelling is mandatory.

Reproducing Colonial Stereotypes of Postcolonial Brazil: Media Representations of the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil

Reproducing Colonial Stereotypes of Postcolonial Brazil: Media Representations of the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil

(Zlo)upotreba fudbala - analiza izveštavanja medija o utakmicama Srbije i Hrvatske 2013. godine

Within the qualifications for the FIFA World Cup in Brazil in 2014, two football matches were played between Serbia and Croatia. Due to complex international relations between Serbia and Croatia, there were many controversies about the matches. Through the analysis of the articles from Kurir and Večernji list (as an example of yellow and tabloid press of both countries) and articles from Politika and Index.hr (as an example of more professional approach to journalism) the article critically regards the nature of press reports about those two matches. Exceeding the phenomenon of football, hostile, nationalistic, chauvinistic and sensationalistic implications were present in the press alongside numerous historical connotations. Such method of journalism has profound consequences, firstly for the progress of the entire sports culture in Serbia as well as in Croatia, and secondly it affects the decrease of long-lasting international tensions and hostilities.

‘Let's Win this Game Together’: Children's Rights Violations, Macro‐Securitisation and the Transformative Potential of the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil

Sport's transformative potential is known to support marginalised children, to deal with traumatic experiences and instil positive values; yet hosting mega sporting events (MSEs) can have negative impacts. Drawing on participatory research with favela‐based children during the 2014 World Cup in Brazil, this article argues that MSEs bring a macro‐securitisation of urban life, which causes considerable harm. This paper also suggests that the inclusion of children's voices in advocacy debates can challenge top‐down securitisation and might allow MSEs to foster further positive social transformation. Therefore, juxtaposed with causing harm, macro‐securitisations can open opportunities for children to take action and have their voices heard.

Brasil Turístico: Efeitos de Sentido e Condições de Produção na Copa do Mundo Fifa 2014, Brasil

Brasil Turístico: Efeitos de Sentido e Condições de Produção na Copa do Mundo Fifa 2014, Brasil