Research In Field Research Articles

Unveiling Confinement Engineering for Achieving High-Performance Rechargeable Batteries.

The confinement effect, restricting materials within nano/sub-nano spaces, has emerged as an innovative approach for fundamental research in diverse application fields, including chemical engineering, membrane separation, and catalysis. This confinement principle recently presents fresh perspectives on addressing critical challenges in rechargeable batteries. Within spatial confinement, novel microstructures and physiochemical properties have been raised to promote the battery performance. Nevertheless, few clear definitions and specific reviews are available to offer a comprehensive understanding and guide for utilizing the confinement effect in batteries. This review aims to fill this gap by primarily summarizing the categorization of confinement effects across various scales and dimensions within battery systems. Subsequently, the strategic design of confinement environments is proposed to address existing challenges in rechargeable batteries. These solutions involve the manipulation of the physicochemical properties of electrolytes, the regulation of electrochemical activity, and stability of electrodes, and insights into ion transfer mechanisms. Furthermore, specific perspectives are provided to deepen the foundational understanding of the confinement effect for achieving high-performance rechargeable batteries. Overall, this review emphasizes the transformative potential of confinement effects in tailoring the microstructure and physiochemical properties of electrode materials, highlighting their crucial role in designing novel energy storage devices.

A bibliometric analysis of a top field journal in the economics of education

Bibliometric analysis, an approach introduced by the library and information sciences, attempts to unravel the relationships between a large number of scientific literature by using quantitative methods. Economics of Education Review was founded in 1981 to meet the needs of a growing number of research in the economics of education. The journal has evolved to become a top field journal that focuses on high quality research in an interdisciplinary field that combines educational studies and economics. It specializes in human capital production and the returns to human capital as well as in education policy and finance. We examine collaboration patterns using an approach introduced by the library and information sciences. The current research shows hidden patterns among scientific actors to offer a comprehensive understanding of the knowledge structure of this top field journal by employing network analysis such as bibliographic coupling, co-authorship and co-citation analysis. It also presents a thematic overview by analyzing author keyword co-occurrence and by classifying articles into six thematic clusters to highlight past themes and current trends in the field of economics of education. Our results suggest a shift in the focus of research, with more topics on measuring the impact of preschool programs, quality education, higher education attainment, gender, race and peer effects playing an important role in this area of scientific research.

Experimental Analysis of Style Transfer and Target Detection in Interactive Art on Smartphones

In recent years the popularity of smartphones has been on the rise, the importance of user experience is being discussed more frequently, and interface design is determined as a crucial technique in the interactive design of mobile devices. As both supply and demand for smartphones have grown, the interactive interface designs are significant, and attention is paid to their effects. The traditional method is only applicable to computers, has a limited user base, and has poor efficiency and effectiveness. However, the operation and functionality of mobile phones are diminished due to the installation of unwanted applications. Hence it is particularly evident in the interactive art approach in which there has been limited innovation in core capabilities and few distinguishing features among more established programmes. Inorder to perform speedy progress, the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Deep Learning (DL) are widely determined. Furthermore, Style Transfer and Target Detection are emerging as popular because of their significance to the field of visual research. So this paper proposes the prevalent quasi- and flat-materialized style and analyzes the skills necessary for applications. The proposed method achieved superior performance when validated with MPI Sintel and Train2020 MSCOCO datasets.

To Assess the Efficacy of Current Training Programs in the Private and Public Security Sectors and Their Impact on Partnership in the Provision of Security in Nairobi County, Kenya

Interactions between the public and private security sectors were crucial in maintaining public safety in Nairobi County, Kenya, under the framework of security services. The purpose of this research was to assess how successful previous training programs were in bringing together public and private security agencies to provide better protection for the public. Combining qualitative and quantitative techniques, the research process was all-encompassing. Primary data were acquired through the distribution of questionnaires and interviews, and secondary data were sourced from a variety of other sources. The data collection was centered around Nairobi County because of its ever-changing security scene, which reflects the wide range of activities and difficulties encountered by the two security sectors. In order to evaluate the gathered data, statistical analysis was performed using software like SPSS. An examination of previous training programs and how they impacted the formation of a partnership between public and private security agencies was the primary goal of the study. The research sought to refine training programs to improve collaboration and partnership between the public and commercial security sectors by analyzing previous efforts and their strengths and shortcomings. Policymakers, security agencies, and training institutes can all benefit from this study's results, which should lead to a better coordinated and efficient security strategy in Nairobi County. In addition to achieving the short-term goal of assessing training programs, this study paved the way for longer-term conversations on strengthening security partnerships in Kenya. This study laid the groundwork for future research in this important field and helped improve safety and security measures in Nairobi County by illuminating the connection between good training and collaborative security provision.

Numerical analysis of scaffold degradation in cryogenic environment: impact of cell migration and cell apoptosis

The analysis of degradation in the presence of cell death and migration is a critical aspect of research in various biological fields, such as tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and disease pathology. In present study, numerical study of degradation of scaffold were performed in present of cells, cell apoptosis and cell migration. A poly electrolyte complex (PEC) silk fibroin scaffold was used for degradation study. Degradation study in the presence of cells and migration were performed at fixed pH concentration 7.2. Similarly, degradation study of scaffold were performed at different pH cell apoptosis. A transient analysis of scaffold was evaluated in COMSOL 5.5 in presence of cryogenic temperature at different temperature gradient. The parameters; temperature, stress, strain tensor and deformation gradient associated with the degradation of polyelectrolyte complex scaffold were evaluated. Result shows that in both geometries minimum temperature had been achieved as 230.051 K at point P4 in series view and parallel view and at a point P3 for cell migration study for −5 k min−1 and −1 k min−1, respectively. The maximum stress had been generated for 5.57 × 107 N m−2 for the temperature gradient of −2 K min−1 at T cycle in the case of cell migration study. In contrast in series view the maximum stress 2.9 × 107 N m−2 were observed at P4 which was higher as compare to P3. Similarly, for a parallel view, maximum stress (3.93 × 107 N m−2) was obtained for point P3. It had been observed that the maximum strain tensor 5.21 × 10−3, 5.15 × 10−3 and 5.26 × 10−3 was generated in series view at 230 k on a point P3 for − 1, −2 and −5 K min−1, respectively. Similarly, the maximum strain tensor 8.16 × 10−3, 8.09 × 10−3 and 8.09 × 10−3 was generated in parallel view at 230 k on a point P3 for −1, −2 and −5 K min−1, respectively. In the presence of cells, at a point P4 for temperature gradient of −1 and −2 K min−1, it had been closed to the scaffold wall, which had a different temperature profile than the point P3 and scaffold comes to the contact with the cells. The analysis of PEC scaffold degradation in the presence of cells, including cell apoptosis and migration, offers significant insights into the relationship between scaffold properties, cell behaviour, and tissue regeneration.

Industry updates from the field of stem cell research and regenerative medicine in January 2024.

Latest developments in the field of stem cell research and regenerative medicine compiled from publicly available information and press releases from nonacademic institutions in January 2024.

Molecular Design and Spodumene Flotation-A Review.

Spodumene flotation stands as the most commonly used method to concentrate lithium minerals. However, it faces significant challenges related to low collector recoveries and similarity in the surface characteristics of the minerals, which make the effective separation of this valuable mineral difficult. For this reason, numerous researchers have conducted studies to address and confront this problem. In this work, an exhaustive bibliographic search was carried out using keywords and search queries, and the results were structured in three sections according to temporal, methodological, and thematic criteria. The first section covers the period from 1950 to 2004, focusing on experimental tests. The second section covers from 2004 to the present and focuses on flotation tests and measurement analysis. Simultaneously, the third section spans from 2011 to the present and is based on molecular dynamics simulations. Topics covered include spodumene surface properties, the influence of metal ions, pre-treatment techniques, and the use of collectors. Ultimately, molecular dynamics simulations are positioned as a tool that accurately represents experimental phenomena. In this context, specialized software such as Materials Studio or Gromacs prove to be reliable instruments that allow a detailed study of mineral surfaces and other elements to be carried out, which justifies their consideration for future research in this scientific field.

Substrate types and applications of MXene for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been widely used in the analysis of analytes because of its unique fingerprint characteristics, high sensitivity, and fast detection response. MXene is widely used in SERS studies among the various substrates due to its ultra-high chemical stability, excellent conductivity, hydrophilicity, and low fabrication cost. This mini-review summarizes MXene's research in the SERS field from two aspects. We reviewed MXene materials used as SERS substrates alone and combined with noble metal particles primarily. Subsequently, we outlined representative applications of MXene-based SERS in biomedicine, food safety, and environmental monitoring. Moreover, we discussed the technical bottleneck and the prospect of future development in this field.

Fisheries profile of economic cooperation on the African continent

Russia has proposed to expand cooperation in the field of scientific research, including the assessment of fishing stocks of African States, which will make it possible to develop recommendations on rational and efficient fishing. «We are heading for the growth of trade turnover and fishing, cooperation in the scientific and technical field and modernization of infrastructure. The main goal is to support the development of the fishing industry and the economy of Africa as a whole on mutually beneficial partnership terms».

Responsible leadership in a military organization (in the light of opinion surveys of professional soldiers)

Military leadership is currently an extremely popular and important aspect of managing human resources in difficult, changeable, and unpredictable conditions. The solutions used in modernly managed, well-organized, subsidized, and ethically militarized systems become a point of reference and a model for organizations that encounter perturbations in the management of the organization’s human resources. The most important of them are certainly the sense of trust of subordinates in their superiors and the leaders’ responsibility for the level of staff development. The aim of the research undertaken was to verify the thesis that can be formulated in this affirmative sentence: “A modern commander should be honorable, self-confident, and have the ability to influence his subordinates and shape friendly interpersonal contacts in the group he reports.” The literature search in the field of leadership and questionnaire research were aimed at answering the main research question: “What mental properties and behavioural features should characterize a responsible leader in military organizations?”. The work uses the diagnostic survey method, and the interview was conducted using a multi-factor survey questionnaire on a 30-person study group consisting of professional soldiers aged 25–40. The adopted age range of the study group corresponds to the period of active military service, from the age of graduation to the year of termination of active military service. The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire is composed of two scales, creating a total of 37 randomly ordered statements in the form of single-choice questions. To analyze the distribution of answers, ranks were used to assess the degree of their compliance with the respondents’ beliefs. Based on the conclusions from the conducted research, we have grounds to believe that professional soldiers expect their leader to be helpful to their subordinates and to ensure that the soldiers are motivated to act and perform their tasks. An important behavior that is expected from the commander is the desire to have a common mission in achieving the goal. Based on the research results, it was found that an undesirable feature is the inconsistency of commanders when pointing out the mistakes of their subordinates, who do not devote interest and time to learning how to avoid mistakes and to improve the competence of their subordinates.

The Utilization of IoT Using Grow My Fish App in African Catfish (Clarias sp) Cultivation Employing Biofloc Technology in Apung Village, Bulungan Regency, North Kalimantan Province

This research aims at introducing the Grow My Fish application (or app) as an IoT for collecting and processing data on water quality in biofloc tank for cultivators. IoT in itself has been widely used by several sectors, and one of them is the fisheries sector. Grow My Fish is an app specifically designed to support research in the fisheries field. This research was conducted in Apung Village, Tanjung Selor District, Bulungan Regency from October through December 2023. Biofloc is an innovation in fisheries field. It is known as an eco-friendly innovation thanks to its ability to process the wastes produced by fish into natural feed in the assistance of the probiotic that was mixed into the water. However, the persistent main issue until recently in this biofloc innovation is water quality. Many cultivators so far recorded their water quality measurements on a book. This made it a little hard for these cultivators to process the data. For this reason, an IoT that facilitated cultivators in processing the data on water quality, mortality, fish weight, and amount of feed was born.

Investigation of the attitudes of undergraduate students of special education department and other education faculty students towards Braille writing

The aim of this study is to investigation of the attitudes of undergraduate students of special education department and other education faculty students towards Braille writing. This research is descriptive. Sociodemographic data were collected online from 311 special education and other education faculty undergraduate students who voluntarily participated in the study and whose consent was obtained, using a sociodemographic data collection form and the Attitude Scale Towards Braille Writing (ASTBW). In statistical analyses, t test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient were calculated using SPSS 25.0 data analysis software. It was determined that 71.1% of the participants were female and 24.1% were male. About 52.4% of them were students of special education teaching department. According to the mean scores obtained, the participants’ beliefs were at a medium level, their interest and desire were at a high level, and their desire to learn was at a very high level. It was found that there were significant differences between the sociodemographic descriptive information of the students in the undergraduate department of special education and other education faculties and their attitudes towards Braille. It was stated that the attitudes of the students in the undergraduate of special education department and other education faculties towards Braille writing varied. It is thought that it will be a guide to conduct research in the related field to include other departments in the faculty of education.

Exploring parental risk perceptions in family travel in rural destinations

ABSTRACT Family travel can offer an enjoyable and enriching experience for both parents and children, but it also comes with potential risks. Children's vulnerability is a significant concern during family trips, making it imperative for parents to address these risks. Drawing upon protection motivation theory and employing a mixed-method approach, the study aimed to examine parental perceptions of risks associated with children during trips to rural areas, utilizing the phenomenological method alongside exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The findings reveal that parents perceive five types of risks pertaining to their children during vacations, including risks related to safety and health, environmental and natural hazards, social interactions, child safety and security and emotional and psychological well-being. Furthermore, two distinct mechanisms that parents use to manage risks were also identified: prevention and readiness/reaction mechanisms. Overall, this study contributes to the emerging field of child-centric tourism research by illuminating parents’ distinctive risk perception and management strategies during family vacations, offering insights for the development of tourism policies and practices that prioritize the safety and well-being of children and families.

Towards Mental Health Analysis in Social Media for Low-resourced Languages

The surge in internet use for expression of personal thoughts and beliefs has made it increasingly feasible for the social Natural Language Processing (NLP) research community to find and validate associations between social media posts and mental health status . Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of low-resourced social media data bring to fore the importance of real-time responsible Artificial Intelligence (AI) models for mental health analysis in native languages. Aiming at classifying research for social computing and tracking advances in the development of learning-based models, we propose a comprehensive survey on mental health analysis for social media and posit the need of analyzing low-resourced social media data for mental health . We first classify three components for computing on social media as: SM - data mining/natural language processing on social media , IA - integrated applications with social media data and user-network modeling, and NM - user and network modeling on social networks. To this end, we posit the need of mental health analysis in different languages of East Asia (e.g., Chinese, Japanese, Korean), South Asia (Hindi, Bengali, Tamil), Southeast Asia (Malay, Thai, Vietnamese), European languages (Spanish, French) and the Middle East (Arabic). Our comprehensive study examines available resources and recent advances in low-resourced languages for different aspects of SM, IA, and NM to discover new frontiers as potential field of research.

Investor relations media mix: Media planning in the public relations sub-function

Although research in the field of investor relations has been experiencing a surge in recent years, one aspect of investor relations still commands little attention – media planning. Indeed, the research on the media mix investor relations officers use and the reasons behind such usage doesn’t seem to exist. Yet, this may be an important topic to investigate for public relations scholars. In fact, anecdotal evidence suggests that investor relations would be quite different from other public relations specializations in its media usage. However, research on media planning is not well developed in the general field of public relations itself and pales in comparison with research in such fields as advertising and marketing. This study addresses this shortcoming by developing a new approach to measuring media usage in public relations. This approach is then tested through a survey of investor relations officers. The results indicate that the main tactic used in investor relations is one-on-one interpersonal communication.

Intellectual Property Rights and Plagiarism in Information Technology Research

In present times, intellectual property rights are the central focus of international economies and global market competitions among enterprises due to their important role in fostering cultural prosperity, economic development, and progress in the field of information technology. The advancement in information technology has made the field even more complicated as firms struggle to protect their copyrights in the face of online data explosion, dynamic e-commerce environment, and rising disruptive technologies such as Machine learning and Artificial Intelligence. On the other hand, plagiarism is on the rise in recent times. Students knowingly or unknowingly practice plagiarism daily to meet their stringent academic demands. Information Technology Tools encouraging plagiarism have further aggravated the problem. Intellectual property rights and plagiarism awareness are relatively weak even among scholars. Do intellectual property rights protection and existing plagiarism trends have any effect on the field of information technology research? This paper discusses intellectual property rights and plagiarism with the mindset of information technology research. The paper seeks to shed light on aspects of intellectual property rights and how they affect academic research, in the field of information technology. If after reading this paper a researcher, can take intellectual property rights and plagiarism seriously, then, this research would have achieved its desired outcome.

Fostering Economic Sustainability within Rural Families in South Africa through Visual Arts and Crafts

This paper investigated interventions that can restore the importance of visual arts and crafts in fostering economic sustainability within rural families, in particular, young rural community members. Prior to colonization, visual arts and crafts played a significant role in providing economic subsistence for many households in South Africa. During the inception of formal education, that practice was replaced by scholastic education, prioritizing theoretical knowledge over practical experiential learning, leading to a gradual decline in the subsistence lifestyle. Marxism Theory (1848), which underpins this study, posits that within a capitalist economic framework, workers are exploited whilst company owners amass additional money. Craft manufacturing has the potential to augment self-generated income, making a valuable contribution to economic growth whilst avoiding any form of exploitation. The qualitative convenient sample comprised fifteen school dropouts and graduates from both South Africans and foreign nationals and was studied through face-to-face and telephonically informal conversations. The findings revealed that insufficient application of traditional visual arts and crafts skills in elementary education; inadequate delivery of government services to promote visual arts and crafts entrepreneurship; and the divergent perspectives in defining the concept of “civilization and freedom” impede efforts to achieve economic sustainability. The study recommended that community members should not only rely on government support services but instead utilize government grants to acquire knowledge, develop skills, and adopt subsistence lifestyles that rely on natural resources for sustainable economic growth. The government should also support the establishment of training centres where skilled individuals can impart knowledge and skills to the younger generation and monitor the efficacy of non-governmental organizations. This study not only enhances the well-being of people and communities but also offers valuable material for academic research in several fields. It strengthens comprehension of cultural, economic, and social phenomena within the framework of sustainable development. Keywords: Visual Arts and Crafts, Economic Development, Skills Development, Rural Families

Gender and jazz research in Spain

During the last two decades, the little jazz research that has been conducted in Spain has focused on examining both flamenco jazz, as the most important contribution of Spanish culture to jazz, and sociocultural meanings of jazz development, mainly from a political and historical perspective. This period has also coincided with a significant development in jazz studies outside of the United States, and a key juncture for gender and feminist studies in Spain that concurred with the emergence of fourth-wave feminism. Spanish gender research in music has traditionally focused on written music, paying scant attention to jazz, although popular music is slowly becoming a significant focus of research. Far from seeing this as a drawback, we propose that the underdevelopment of knowledge production is an opportunity for a feminist-inspired overview, and a re-reading of jazz cultures and jazz research in Spain as we ‘listen’ for the relationships between gender and jazz as interdisciplinary fields of research. The article concludes that Spain presents fertile ground for a comprehensive exploration of its own jazz culture as research here strives to find its own voice.

Pt(II)/Pd(II)‐Based Metallosupramolecular Architectures as Light Harvesting Systems and their Applications

AbstractThe development of artificial light‐harvesting systems mimicking the natural photosynthesis method is an ever‐growing field of research. Numerous systems such as polymers, metal complexes, POFs, COFs, supramolecular frameworks etc. have been fabricated to accomplish more efficient energy transfer and storage. Among them, the supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs) formed by non‐covalent metal‐ligand interaction, have shown the capacity to not only undergo single and multistep energy migration but also to utilize the harvested energy for a wide variety of applications such as photocatalysis, tunable emissive systems, encrypted anti‐counterfeiting materials, white light emitters etc. This review sheds light on the light‐harvesting behavior of both the 2D metallacycles and 3D metallacages where design ingenuity has been executed to afford energy harvesting by both donor ligands as well as metal acceptors.

Augmented anthropology

This paper introduces augmented anthropology, a new field of research that combines machine anthropology and conventional anthropology. Augmented anthropology uses robots as avatars, AI, and 3D virtual spaces to create an interactive environment to study and understand human behaviour. By leveraging technology, augmented anthropology is able to study humans and nonhumans in a more detailed and precise manner than traditional anthropological methods. This paper will discuss the advantages and potential applications of augmented anthropology, as well as the ethical considerations relating to authorship that must be taken into account. Furthermore, it will outline the potential for augmented anthropology to revolutionise the field of anthropology and to provide new insights into the complexities of what it is to be human.