Field Of Public Security Research Articles

DESCRIMINALIZAÇÃO DE DROGAS: UMA ANÁLISE ENTRE AS COMPETÊNCIAS DO LEGISLATIVO E JUDICIÁRIO

Drug use is proven to be harmful, both physically and intellectually. Currently, drugs are the main social evil, linked to all types of crime. The methodology used was the literature reference, and the STF decisions of 2023 and 2024 on the issue. In this sense, the objective of this research/article is to develop a study on the decriminalization of marijuana possession and its legal, economic, moral, and public health consequences. To do this, initially a definition of competences is made from the perspective of doctrine and jurisprudence regarding the limits of powers to legislate. It also addresses the main aspects related to drug use and its consequences; And, finally, the positive and negative points within the legal, moral, social, economic and public health sphere of this decision. It is concluded that this is a matter that should be entirely up to congress to decide, and that the STF usurps the functions of the Legislative and Executive branches by giving its opinion on topics that would be the responsibility of the technical body ANVISA. Even because they are decisions with broad repercussions, which could have major consequences for society, including in the field of public security, crime, society in general and public health.

PREDICTIVE POLICING BY BHABINKAMTIBMAS AS A SOLUTION TO ADDRESS CRIMINALITY IN CILEMPUNG VILLAGE, PASIRJAYA, KARAWANG

The Karawang Regency faces a significant increase in the number of crimes, being a major concern due to its disruptive impact on the community as well as serious challenges for law enforcement and local governments. In order to respond to the various problems faced by Bhabinkamtibmas in the field, support and strengthening are needed with the right policing program. The research contributes to the field of public security by introducing a Predictive Policing framework tailored to the needs of Cilempung Village, Karawang, utilizing information technology and data analysis to identify crime patterns and predict potential crimes. The study provides insights into the factors influencing crime rates and offers practical strategies for implementing predictive polcing in local communities, ultimately aiming to enhance public safety and maintain social order.

Collective Action and Sociological Research Networks in the Fight against Crime in Brazil

Since the end of the civil-military dictatorship (1964-1988), Brazilian society has experienced the growth of different forms of violence that have had an impact on collective feelings of fear and insecurity whose intensity may compromise citizens’ belief in the validity of the democratic order. This situation was accompanied by the creation of a field of sociological studies that sought to understand the reasons for this growth and the possibilities of internal pacification of contemporary Brazilian society. The article, based on documentary research, reconstructs the creation and development of the field of study of the sociology of violence in its connections with organized civil society. It seeks to explore the hypothesis according to which the problem of legal control of public order arises from disputes in the field of public security.

On the powers of the National Police of Ukraine under martial law

In this article, the author analyzes the legislative acts which currently regulate the activities of the National Police of Ukraine. It is stated that the activities of the National Police of Ukraine are very multifaceted, and therefore they are regulated by the rules of various branches of law.
 However, the bulk of these norms are still administrative and legal, since most of the police tasks are performed in the course of public administration, provision of police services in the areas of public safety and order, protection of human rights and freedoms, as well as the interests of society and the state, provision of services to assist persons who need such assistance for personal, economic, social reasons or as a result of emergencies, within the limits established by law.
 The author notes that main idea of the Constitution of Ukraine during wartime, as well as in peacetime, remains unchanged and consists in establishing limits for public authorities to prevent arbitrariness and guarantee human rights and freedoms. At the same time, the constitutional goals and priorities of the entire state during wartime have significant specifics.
 It is noted that with the introduction of martial law in Ukraine, the powers of many government agencies have undergone significant changes. Due to the adoption of amendments to the current legislation in the field of public security and order, the powers of the National Police of Ukraine have also changed to some extent.
 The author of the article emphasizes that the priority among such changes is to guarantee the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, as well as further development of a democratic state in which the rule of law is strictly enforced.
 The author concludes that during the martial law in Ukraine, the powers of the National Police have been significantly expanded by introducing appropriate amendments to the Law of Ukraine «On the National Police».
 At the same time, when expanding the powers of law enforcement agencies, including the police during martial law, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine should take into account that the actual circumstances of war or martial law do not automatically constitute grounds for restricting the constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens.

Mapping the future of public security, justice and the law enforcement

This article presents a thorough analysis of the evolution and future prospects in the field of public security, employing both bibliometric and prospective methods. The bibliometric analysis examines the historical development of research up to 2023, identifying patterns, main areas of study, and influential authors. This deep understanding of the past lays the groundwork for prospective analysis, which uses foresight methods to predict possible scenarios and emerging trends in public security. By combining these approaches, the study offers a comprehensive view of the past and future dynamics of the field. The results of the bibliometric analysis provide a solid understanding of the foundations upon which future research can be built. Through prospective analysis, the article explores potential future directions, critical challenges, and opportunities in the realm of public security.

An Empirical Study on the Domestic Violence Warning System within the Public Security Field—Based on the Survey Data of Five Regions in Jiangsu Province

An Empirical Study on the Domestic Violence Warning System within the Public Security Field—Based on the Survey Data of Five Regions in Jiangsu Province

Cultura de la seguridad pública en Europa

Culture can be understood as a system of human adaptation to the environment. When the latter changes, the former also tends to evolve. However, there are cultural inertias that allow us to understand some patterns in the behavior of the population, even in contexts of rapid change such as the current one. Identifying the cultural traits of European countries in the field of public security is the purpose of this article. For this, firstly, a system of indicators is proposed that departs from a theoretical review. They collect aspects of thought and behavior. Secondly, these indicators are applied looking for the best comparative data available according to a series of quality criteria. Broad time series are used to identify trends that are maintained over time and that may result from cultural inertia. The main contribution of this study, compared to previous ones, is to use a wider range of geographical, temporal, and cultural dimensions. With this, a more refined drawing of the different representations and behaviors of the Europe of security is achieved. The text begins by reviewing how the concept of "security culture" has been defined and addressed in the international literature. Next, its key dimensions are identified, a system of indicators is proposed for each of them, and a set of European sources of data on public safety are selected. The work is more descriptive than explanatory of cultural differences. By drawing, in a comparative way, the culture of public safety in Europe, this article also contributes to a better understanding of the current situation in Spain, and to anticipate possible scenarios in a context of strong changes in risks, such as those analyzed in the various contributions to this issue of the magazine.

Face image generation and feature visualization using deep convolutional generative adversarial networks

Generative Neural Networks (GAN) aims to generate realistic and recognizable images, including portraits, cartoons and other modalities. Image generation has broad application prospects and important research value in the fields of public security and digital entertainment, and has become one of the current research hotspots. This article will introduce and apply an important image generation model called GAN, which stands for Generative Adversarial Network. Unlike recent image processing models such as Variational Autoencoders (VAE), The discriminative network evaluates potential candidates while the GAN generates candidates. As a result, the discriminative network distinguishes created and real candidates, while the generative network learns to map from a latent space to an interest data distribution. In this article, the GAN model and some of its extensions will be thoroughly applied and implemented based on the dataset of CelebA, and details will be discussed through the images and graphs generated by the model. Specific training methods for various models and optimization algorithms can be produced by the GAN framework. The experiment’s findings in this article will show how the framework’s potential may be quantified and qualitatively assessed using the samples that were produced.

Visualized monitoring of radioactive iodide ions in environment using electrochemiluminescence device through free radical annihilation mechanism

The monitoring of radioactive iodide ions in environment is an apparent challenge in the field of environmental radiochemistry. Herein, we report an efficient electrochemiluminescence (ECL) array detection device to achieve visualized rapid monitoring and accurate warning of trace radioactive iodide in the environment. In detail, we prepared conjugated polymer poly[(9,9-dioctylfuor-enyl-2,7-diyl)-alt-co-(1,4-benzo-{2,1,3}-thiadiazole)] (PFBT) into polymer dots and modified it on ITO electrode to obtain an array ECL detection device, of which the ECL signal is quenched by iodide ions. This detection device gives a low limit of detection (17 ng/L) and an excellent selectivity to iodide ion, as well as realizing visualized rapid monitoring of trace iodide in natural water samples by using ECL imaging technology. A new iodide detection mechanism, free radical annihilation (FRA), is presented, which involves an ECL co-reactant reagent poisoning process by iodine free radical obtained on the surface of electrode and is further demonstrated by electrochemical experiments, DFT calculations and ESP analysis. This work provides an efficient strategy for the visualized, rapid and accurate monitoring and warning of trace radioactive iodide in water environment, showing significant meaningful prospects in the field of public security and health.

United States of America and the pandemic: issues of legal regulation in combating COVID-19

The pandemic period in the United States has become a test of the strength of many state mechanisms, raised the question of the limits of the extraordinary powers of the President and governors and effectiveness of the public health system. The reasons why one of the most prosperous countries in the world has become the most affected state by the pandemic largely lie in the sphere of public administration system and historically established precedents for expanding the powers of the executive branch in times of emergency. The aim of the study is to identify the foundations of constitutional and legal regulation in combating the consequences of the pandemic in the United States and to trace correlations between peculiarities of distribution of powers in the field of public security and effectiveness of measures to counter the COVID-19 spread. One of the tasks is to identify both advantages and disadvantages of the US political structure in the context of countering the nationwide threat. The historical method of research allowed to determine the specifics of the extraordinary powers of the US President, while the specific legal method was used as the basis for analyzing the structure and powers of legislative and executive authorities along with comparative legal, system-structural and functional approaches. In the fight against the pandemic, the mechanism of public administration in the United States has shown its inability to counter threats of a nationwide nature. In many ways, this situation is explained by peculiarities of the legislative regulation of the healthcare sector, transferred to the autonomous regulation of state authorities, a disparate system of legal regulation of emergency response, as well as the very modest capabilities of the head of state in responding to epidemiological threats. The study allows to conclude that there is a correlation between the features of the public administration system in the United States, its legislative regulation and the negative consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by uncoordinated actions of federal and regional government authorities.

On the issue of tactical distribution of police patrol squads using the discrete method

The object of the study are the legal relations developing in the field of public security and public order protection in the system of management of the police. The subject of the study is the consideration of the use of innovative methods of distribution of police patrol squads in the management system of the forces of the internal affairs bodies of Russia. This study is conditioned by the need to bring the activities of the police patrol service in line with modern trends in improving the management and distribution of police patrol units, the introduction of innovative technologies, as well as the use of modern methods of distribution of police patrol units. As a tactical component of the study, a model of public order protection and ensuring public order in a large district center is presented, which allows using a discrete method to distribute patrol squads across the service area with the greatest efficiency of responding to committed offenses. The article provides a comparative analysis of similar studies conducted in foreign research institutes by foreign scientists. The system of discrete distribution of police forces allow to determine the optimal number of patrol squads in a given location and to determine the route to the crime scene. The main conclusions of the study are the provisions on the procedure for reorganizing the management system of police patrol squads.

A Comparative Study of Various Versions of YOLO Algorithm to Detect Drones

Object detection algorithms with various versions of YOLO are compared with parameters like methodology, dataset used, image size, precision, recall, technology used etc. to get a conclusion as which algorithm would be the best and effective for the detection of objects. Nowadays, due to the low price and ease of use, drones can pose a malicious threat. In the field of public security and personal privacy, it is important to deploy drone detection system in restricted areas. This comparative analysis model gives a wide picture of how various object detection algorithms work, and helps in understanding the best algorithm to be used for the detection of drones with highest accuracy and precision.

Legal Reconstruction of Regional Government Public Safety Based on Justice Values

The aim of the research is to examine and analyze the weaknesses of regulations on The Regional Government Public Safety, and how to reconstruct the regulations based on justice value. This research was conducted using socio-juridical research which is a legal research method that functions to see the law in its real sense and examines how the law works in a society that is analytically descriptive using primary and secondary data and using the theory of pancasila justice as a grand theory. The weakness of regional government policy regulations in the field of public security and peace is the regulatory factors where the provisions of RI Law Number 23 of 2014 regulate in a limited manner regarding the requirements to be appointed as civil service police. therefore The Legal Reconstruction of Regional Government Public Safety based on the values of justice is the provision of Article 26 of the Republic of Indonesia Law Number 23 of 2014 and Article 255 of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 23 of 2014, that regulate the main task of the Satpol PP to enforce regional regulations and regional regulations, administer public order and peace and carry out community protection. In carrying out these basic tasks, Satpol PP must be equipped with authority. Furthermore, the reconstruction of Article 256 of RI Law Number 23 of 2014, that this article regulates the requirements to be appointed as civil service police. The provisions of this article regulate, although limited, the requirements referred to so that in practice it will be difficult to fulfill them, therefore the regional head can make a policy or discretion. However, this is appropriate when viewed from the hierarchy of laws and regulations because the regional head's policies are not in accordance with the norms stipulated in the provisions of Article 256 of the Republic of Indonesia Law Number 23 of 2014.

Seismic Signal Analysis Based on Variational Mode Decomposition and Hilbert Transform for Ground Intrusion Activity Classification.

The identification of ground intrusion is a key and important technology in the national public security field. In this paper, a novel variational mode decomposition (VMD) and Hilbert transform (HT) is proposed for the classification of seismic signals generated by ground intrusion activities using a seismic sensing system. Firstly, the representative seismic data, including bicycles, vehicles, footsteps, excavations, and environmental noises, were collected through the designed experiment. Secondly, each original datum is decomposed through VMD and five Band-limited intrinsic mode functions (BIMF) are obtained, respectively, which will be used to generate a corresponding marginal spectrum that can reflect the actual frequency component of the signal accurately by HT. Then, three features related to the marginal spectrum, including marginal spectrum energy, marginal spectrum entropy, and marginal spectrum dominant frequency, are extracted for the analysis of the multi-classification using the support vector machine (SVM) classifier with the LIBSVM library. For the sake of testing and verifying the effectiveness of the proposed variational mode decomposition and Hilbert transform (VMD-HT) technique, the evaluation indicators including accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-Score are used and the results are compared with the time domain, frequency domain, ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), and empirical wavelet transform (EWT) combined with the HT analysis method. The performance of the VMD-HT method for ground intrusion activity classification provides an average value of 99.50%, 98.76%, 98.76%, and 98.75% for the four evaluation indicators, which are higher than all the other contrasted methods.

Use of conductive Ti2O3 nanoparticles for optical and electrochemical imaging of latent fingerprints on various substrates

The personal identification technology based on fingerprint features has great application value in the fields of public security and consumer electronics due to its extensiveness and reliability. However, current fingerprint development methods do not work efficiently for latent fingerprints (LFPs) deposited on some problematic objects. In this work, conductive Ti2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) with black color were used as a novel optical and electrochemical dual-mode enhancer for the development of LFPs with high sensitivity, resolution and low background interference on various substrates. For the majority of substrates, black Ti2O3 NPs were able to acquire the high-sensitivity optical development of LFPs (levels 1–3 features), which maybe result from spatially selective adhesion between Ti2O3 NPs and fingerprint residues. However, for dark substrates with strong background color interference, the obtained images from Ti2O3-developed fingerprints were severely blurry. Significantly, by virtue of the electroactivity of Ti2O3 powder, the Ti2O3-developed fingerprints could be further electrochemically imaged with high contrast and high resolution by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) to eliminate background color interference. The current changes at the probe of SECM could reflect the pattern information of the fingerprint because the redox mediator could be regenerated at the surface of Ti2O3 powders adhered to the ridge regions. These results demonstrated that Ti2O3 NPs could be considered as a bi-functional developer for enhancing LFPs.

Актуальные проблемы деятельности полиции в сфере охраны общественного порядка и обеспечения общественной безопасности (на примере Ставропольского края)

This article discusses the problems of police activity in the field of public order protection and public safety, including during mass events. In addition, the article deals with the interaction of the police and public associations involved in the protection of public order, as one of the forms of implementation of the law enforcement function of the state in the field of public security. The actual mechanisms and problems of interaction between the state and society in this area are analyzed, in particular, issues of control by the police over the activities of law enforcement-oriented public associations. A number of problems arising in practice are identified, ways to overcome them and practical recommendations for improving police activities in this area are proposed.

Operational search policy and its implementation in the field of public security and public order

Operational search policy and its implementation in the field of public security and public order

Information Fusion for the Development of a Composite Indicator of Criminogenic Factors Using OWA Operators

In this study, the issue of criminogenic factors in the Lizarzaburu parish of Riobamba-Ecuador is addressed, an area marked by a notable increase in crime. Recognizing the complexity of these factors and the need for an integrated approach for their analysis, the use of Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA) operators for information fusion is proposed, aiming to create a composite indicator that allows for a holistic and accurate measure of criminality in the area. The implementation of OWA operators facilitates effective weighting of these factors, resulting in the creation of a composite indicator that more faithfully reflects the criminogenic dynamics of Lizarzaburu. This study not only provides a valuable tool for diagnosing crime in urban areas but also establishes a methodological foundation for future research and intervention policies in the field of public security.

Dynamically Optimized Human Eyes-to-Face Generation via Attribute Vocabulary

Generating face from human eyes, named eyes-to-face generation, is an interesting research topic of face synthesis, which has great potential in the field of public security. One of the main challenges in eyes-to-face generation is the unbalanced information between inputs and outputs, where the outputs are complete facial images while the inputs only contain limited information in the region of eyes. The existing methods generate faces directly from eyes without considering the possibly available facial information (e.g. facial attributes), resulting in inaccurate predictions and high uncertainty in those features less correlated with eyes (e.g. hairstyle, moustache, facial contour). To address this challenge, we propose a two-stage solution (named EA2F-GAN) to dynamically optimize eyes-to-face generation via attribute vocabulary. In addition, a dataset named TEAF is constructed based on the public datasets CelebA and LFW, containing 138,934 triples of eye image, attribute vocabulary, and face image. Sufficient experimental results show that, by incorporating additional facial attributes, our proposed approach can synthesize realistic face with high consistency to the original one, significantly overwhelming state-of-the-art methods.

The meaning and concept of public safety and order

The article is devoted to the analysis of the legal category of public safety and order, because it is currently relevant and researched in our country. This question plays an important and great role in our social life, which is determined by the highest social values of a person and a citizen. Therefore, it is the state that is entrusted with the task of fully ensuring public safety, public order and peace of our society.The article studies the scientific research in this area, considers and analyses many views of state and foreign scientists, pays much attention to the meaning and concept of "public safety" and "public order", defines the purpose and objectives of the scientific research. A comparison of concepts with related notions such as “public safety” and “public order” has been also made. Ukrainian explanatory dictionary has been used for analysis and justification.The article also mentions many scholars, their works and their interpretations, as well as their agreement and disagreement regarding the considerations of public safety and order. The view on the definition of the concepts of public safety and public order in the context of the National Police of Ukraine has been specified. And it has been also stated that the concept of “public safety” and “public order” is absorbed by a broader and more meaningful concept, such as “civil safety” and “civil order”.The opinions regarding the identification of concepts and terms have been substantiated. It has been appealed to the Basic Law of the State, namely the Constitution of Ukraine and to the Law of Ukraine “On the National Police of Ukraine”. The concepts of “public safety” and “public order”, as well as “civil safety” and “civil order” have been studied. The tasks and principles of the National Police of Ukraine have been mentioned. Attention has also been paid to the broad and narrow aspects of the concept of “public order”. At the end of the article, it has been rightly noted that the simultaneous use or identification of these concepts continues the legal conflict in the field of public security and order.