Field Approach Research Articles

Tantangan dan Peluang Pengimplementasian Kurikulum Merdeka di SD/MI Sumatera Selatan

This study aims to analyze the implementation process of the Merdeka Curriculum in MI/SD in South Sumatra. Several issues arise during the implementation process, including teacher readiness, limited training, inadequate infrastructure, and community understanding. This research is a qualitative study with a field approach, employing data collection techniques such as interviews, observations, and documentation. The informants in this study consist of 25 individuals, including educators, school principals, and students. The process of data processing and analysis is conducted in three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Data validity is ensured through triangulation methods, which include source, technique, and time triangulation. Based on the results and discussion, the curriculum provides opportunities to enhance learning through a flexible, student-centered approach and the development of character and 21st-century skills. Several schools in South Sumatra have implemented project-based learning, differentiated instruction, and technology to create active and innovative learning environments. Despite the challenges, the Merdeka Curriculum has a positive impact on improving the quality of education and preparing a creative and independent younger generation

Molecular Simulation of Graphene Growth Reactions at Various Temperatures Derived from Benzene in Coal Tar Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Coal tar, a by-product of the pyrolysis of coal, is rich in aromatic compounds that have the potential to facilitate the synthesis of graphene, a high-quality carbon material, via low-temperature chemical vapor deposition (CVD). This approach offers a promising avenue for the cost-effective and large-scale industrial production of graphene while minimizing energy consumption. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of research focused on the low-temperature synthesis mechanisms of graphene derived from aromatic compounds in the context of graphene growth. To achieve high-quality graphene synthesis from coal tar and its aromatic constituents at reduced temperatures, a comprehensive investigation into the reaction pathways of these aromatic compounds is essential. In this study, we meticulously simulate the pyrolysis of benzene, a key aromatic component of coal tar, across various temperature settings utilizing reactive force field (ReaxFF) methodology. Furthermore, we apply density functional theory (DFT) calculations, executed through the Vienna Ab initio Simulation Package (VASP), to assess the dehydrogenation energy associated with the adsorption of benzene on vapor-deposited copper foils. Our molecular dynamics simulations, enhanced by a mixed force field approach, revealed that the dehydrogenated benzene ring (C6 intermediate) acts as a critical precursor for graphene synthesis. This research significantly elucidates the reaction pathways of aromatic benzene in coal tar through molecular simulations conducted at different temperatures, both in the gas phase and on solid copper foil substrates.

Refining Quinean Naturalism: An Alternative to Kemp’s Stimulus Field Approach

Abstract W. V. Quine suggests that meaning derives from the stimulus, the effects of the outside world on the subject’s nerve endings. However, the idiosyncrasy of the stimulus poses challenges to the intersubjectivity of meaning. Gary Kemp proposes the stimulus field approach as a solution. The stimulus field approach focuses on the forces affecting the subject, rather than the effects on the subject. In this article, I critique Kemp’s solution. Furthermore, I argue that the Quinean approach can be refined in a way that two agents may converge on the same meaning even without sharing the same stimuli or forces affecting them.

On the construction of explicit analytical driving forces for crack nucleation in the phase field approach to brittle fracture with application to Mohr-Coulomb and Drucker-Prager strength surfaces

On the construction of explicit analytical driving forces for crack nucleation in the phase field approach to brittle fracture with application to Mohr-Coulomb and Drucker-Prager strength surfaces

ENHANCING HEAT TRANSFER WITH NEW HYBRID NANOFLUIDS TYPE CORE@SHELL NANOPARTICLES

This numerical study aims to enhance heat transfer in non-uniformly heated systems using a novel hybrid of core@shell nanoparticles with a ZnO@Ag structure. The primary objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of these nanoparticles in improving thermal performance. The analysis spans a range of Rayleigh numbers while maintaining a constant nanoparticle density of 0.1%. The finite volume method is employed to solve the governing equations, using the second-order upwind method for convection contributions and the SIMPLE approach for coupling velocity and pressure fields. Pressure discretization is performed using the PRESTO method, and convergence is ensured with an under-relaxation scheme, achieving an absolute residual below 10<sup>-6</sup>. The results demonstrate a significant improvement in Nusselt numbers, with ZnO@Ag nanoparticles achieving a 20.15% enhancement. This improvement is attributed to the even coating of Ag, which possesses superior thermal properties onto ZnO, leading to increased overall thermal conductivity. These findings underscore the promising potential of core@shell nanoparticles for enhancing heat transfer in engineering applications. This study motivates further research and optimization efforts to harness the full potential of these advanced materials in thermal management systems.

One Health field approach applied to Leptospirosis: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis across Humans, Animals and the Environment

Abstract Background Leptospirosis is a neglected zoonosis transmitted through urine of infected hosts or contaminated environments. The transmission of bacteria between humans, animals, and the environment underscores the necessity of a One Health approach. Methods We conducted a systematic review to identify significant findings and challenges in One Health research on leptospirosis, focusing on studies involving sampling in at least two of the three compartments: human, animal, and environment. We searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, and ScienceDirect from January 1, 1918 to December 31, 2022. We assessed risk of bias in studies using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tools and performed a meta-analysis to identify links between One Health compartments. Results Out of 1,082 leptospirosis studies with sampling, 102 multicompartmental studies conducted between 1972 and 2022 were included: 70 Human-Animal, 18 Animal-Environment, 4 Human-Environment, and 10 across all compartments. Various methodological weaknesses were identified, from study design to statistical analysis. Meta-regressions identified positive associations between human and animal seroprevalences, particularly with livestock and with wild non-rodent animals, and a link between the environmental positivity rate and domestic animal seroprevalence. Our analysis was constrained by the limited number of studies included and by the quality of protocols. Conclusions This 50-year overview of One Health field approach to leptospirosis highlights the critical need for more robust, well-supported One Health research to clarify the transmission dynamics and identify risk factors of zoonoses.

The Impact of Psychological Support On Improving The Achievement Of Slow Learner Students

Background: Collaboration between teachers, parents, and school counselors is essential to provide ongoing psychological support. By engaging a counselor, students can obtain guidance services that help them manage stress, develop study skills, and build confidence. This inclusive and adaptive approach allows every student, both fast and slow learners, to reach their best potential academically and emotionally. This paper aims to explore more about the concept of psychological support for improving the achievement of slow learner students at SMK Negeri 9 Surakarta, Indonesia. Methods: This study uses a qualitative design with a field approach at SMK Negeri 9 Surakarta, collecting data through interviews, observations, and documentation supported by relevant literature and theoretical frameworks. Participants included class X educators. Data analysis employed triangulation, involving data reduction, display, and conclusion drawing to ensure validity and identify key themes. The findings are presented descriptively, addressing the research focus and supported by prior studies. Results: The results of the study show that SMK Negeri 9 Surakarta has compiled a guideline known as "Initial Learning Module: Building a Positive Culture at SMK Negeri 9 Surakarta". This module is consistently given at the beginning of learning and is one of the leading guides in the Guidance and Counseling process. This module contains instructions on how to build the concept of psychological support that educators must apply in the SMK Negeri 9 Surakarta environment, namely through the restitution process. This process prioritizes the idea of positive discipline that must be embedded in students. Conclusion: Psychological support has a complex role, affecting the mental well-being of individuals from various points of view. Future research should explore the long-term effects of psychological support on mental well-being across different populations and contexts.

SURVIVAL STRATEGIES FOR TRADITIONAL MARKET TRADERS IN THE DIGITAL ERA

Traditional Markets are facing great challenges from the development of digital technology. This research aims to explore the survival strategies of traditional market traders in the Pajak USU Medan in facing changes in the digital era. The method used is qualitative descriptive with a field approach based on data analysis obtained from interviews and observations. It was found that the results of the study showed that developments in this digital era have a considerable impact on traders in the Pajak USU as for the impact, namely a decrease in the level of buyers, as for the survival strategies carried out by traders, namely by following market trends, maintaining the quality of goods sold, trying to offer their products through social media, and providing the best service to visitors

Development of a Mexican corn landrace, Northern Conical, under temperature and rainfall conditions predicted by the middle of this century: an experimental field approach

Background: Corn is the most important crop in Mexico, but it can be affected by climate change. Small farmers from arid and semiarid ecosystems mainly use rainfed native landraces with short productive cycles (less than 90 days), which are adapted to elevated temperatures and intense drought. Among these landraces we can find the Norther Conical corn. Hypothesis: As Northern Conical seems to be adapted to arid agroecosystems, we hypothesize that this corn landrace can tolerate the mid-century climate change conditions. Studied species: Zea mays subsp. mays (Poaceae), Northern Conical landrace. Study site and dates: An abandoned agricultural field in San Luis Potosí, central Mexico, between August and October 2022. Methods: In a field experiment, corn seeds were sowed under the conditions of higher temperature and lower rainfall predicted by the middle of this century (period 2041-2060), as well as under the current climate. Emergence and survival of plants were regularly monitored, and their functional responses were measured by the end of the experiment. Results: Northern Conical plants performed better (in terms of emergence, survival, growth rates, and photosynthetic performance) under higher temperature and lower rainfall, as compared with those developed under the current climate. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the Northern Conical corn landrace may tolerate the increases in aridity expected in the short term. However, simulations under contrasting environmental and ontogenetical conditions are needed.

Efficient Polarizable QM/MM Using the Direct Reaction Field Hamiltonian with Electrostatic Potential Fitted Multipole Operators.

Electronic polarization and dispersion are decisive actors in determining interaction energies between molecules. These interactions have a particularly profound effect on excitation energies of molecules in complex environments, especially when the excitation involves a significant degree of charge reorganization. The direct reaction field (DRF) approach, which has seen a recent revival of interest, provides a powerful framework for describing these interactions in quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) models of systems, where a small subsystem of interest is described using quantum chemical methods and the remainder is treated with a simple MM force field. In this paper we show how the DRF approach can be combined with the electrostatic potential fitted (ESPF) multipole operator description of the QM region charge density, which significantly improves the efficiency of the method, particularly for large MM systems, and for typical calculations effectively eliminates the dependence on MM system size. We also show how the DRF approach can be combined with fluctuating charge descriptions of the polarizable environment, as well as previously used atom-centered dipole-polarizability based models. We further show that the ESPF-DRF method provides an accurate description of molecular interactions in both ground and excited electronic states of the QM system and apply it to predict the gas to aqueous solution solvatochromic shifts in the UV/visible absorption spectrum of acrolein.

Application of the Phase Field Approach for Crack Propagation in Viscoelastic Solid Materials under Thermal Stress: A Case Study of Solder Fracturing

To date, solder has been a crucial component for interconnecting circuit boards (PCBs) and electronic components in the electronics industry. However, solder faces certain challenges, such as cracking due to thermal changes. This paper investigates solder cracking under thermal expansion. We employ a phase field model to study crack propagation under thermal stress in a square domain and in solder with a fillet shape. The model is based on those proposed by Takaishi-Kimura and Alfat, where the stress and strain tensors are modified to account for variations in the temperature field. In this study, we consider the solder material to be viscoelastic, while the other materials are treated as homogeneous and isotropic. A numerical example is computed using the adaptive mesh finite element method, with the code implemented in FreeFEM software. The results of this study are in good agreement with previous numerical and experimental findings.

The Optimization and Application Research of the RRT-APF-Based Path Planning Algorithm

To address the shortcomings of the original rapidly-exploring random tree (RRT) algorithm, such as long and non-smooth paths, slow convergence to the goal region, and limited adaptability in dynamic environments, this paper proposes a hybrid path planning method combining the artificial potential field (APF) approach with the RRT algorithm. This integrated approach leverages the strengths of both methods to achieve efficient, collision-free path planning in both two-dimensional and three-dimensional environments. The algorithm overcomes the local minima problem inherent in APF while maintaining the RRT’s efficiency in high-dimensional spaces and complex environments. A dynamic adjustment strategy is introduced to adapt to specific application scenarios and varying environmental complexity. Additionally, Bezier curve fitting is applied to smooth the resulting paths. Simulations conducted in various environments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, highlighting its efficiency and robustness in generating collision-free paths. Compared to the original RRT algorithm, the proposed method reduces path length by 13.4% to 24.9% and decreases search time by 9.8% to 56.5%, improving both path quality and planning efficiency.

The kinematics of massive high-redshift dusty star-forming galaxies

Abstract We present a new method for modelling the kinematics of galaxies from interferometric observations by performing the optimization of the kinematic model parameters directly in visibility-space instead of the conventional approach of fitting velocity fields produced with the clean algorithm in real-space. We demonstrate our method on ALMA observations of 12CO (2−1), (3−2) or (4−3) emission lines from an initial sample of 30 massive 850 $\mu$m-selected dusty star-forming galaxies with far-infrared luminosities ≳ 1012 L⊙ in the redshift range z ∼ 1.2–4.7. Using the results from our modelling analysis for the 12 of the 20 sources with the highest signal-to-noise emission lines that show disk-like kinematics, we conclude the following: (i) Our sample prefers a CO-to-H2 conversion factor, of αCO = 0.74 ± 0.37; (ii) These far-infrared luminous galaxies follow a similar Tully–Fisher relation between the circular velocity, Vcirc, and baryonic mass, Mb, as less strongly star-forming samples at high redshift, but extend this relation to much higher masses – showing that these are some of the most massive disk-like galaxies in the Universe; (iii) Finally, we demonstrate support for an evolutionary link between massive high-redshift dusty star-forming galaxies and the formation of local early-type galaxies using the both the distributions of the baryonic and kinematic masses of these two populations on the Mb – σ plane and their relative space densities.

A computational analysis to enhance performance of CIGS solar cells using back surface field and ZnSe buffer layer approach

Abstract This study aims to enhance copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cell efficiency while minimizing environmental impact by replacing the toxic CdS buffer layer with a ZnSe buffer layer. The CIGS chalcogenide semiconductor is a promising solar cell absorber material but has faced challenges related to defect-free manufacturing, misaligned buffer layers, and device configuration. Cuprous oxide (Cu2O) and zinc selenide (ZnSe), an inexpensive, eco-friendly, and widely available material, are suggested as a back surface field layer and buffer layer to enhance device performance. This paper proposes a new cadmium-free structure (Al/ZnO:Al/ZnO/ZnSe/CIGS/Cu2O/Ni) to enhance the efficiency of CIGS heterojunction solar cells by reducing charge carrier recombination losses. We utilized solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D) to simulate photovoltaic (PV) performance and examined the impacts of electron affinity, absorber thickness, interface defect density, operating temperature, radiative recombination coefficient (RRC), Mott–Schottky analysis, parasitic resistance, and quantum efficiency on PV characteristics. Optimization and choosing a suitable buffer and passivation layer gives the device efficiency of 31.13%, followed by V OC (0.92 V), J SC (40.40 mA cm−2), and FF (83.34%) for the proposed structure. The RRC found to be 10−13 cm3 s−1 and the parasitic resistance of the solar cell are in good agreement for fabricating high-efficiency solar cells. These findings suggest that CIGS-based heterojunction solar cells represent a cutting-edge method for achieving high-efficiency solar cells that outperform earlier designs.

Exploring spectropolarimetric inversions using neural fields. Solar chromospheric magnetic field under the weak-field approximation

Full-Stokes polarimetric datasets, originating from slit-spectrograph or narrow-band filtergrams, are routinely acquired nowadays. The data rate is increasing with the advent of bi-dimensional spectropolarimeters and observing techniques that allow long-time sequences of high-quality observations. There is a clear need to go beyond the traditional pixel-by-pixel strategy in spectropolarimetric inversions by exploiting the spatiotemporal coherence of the inferred physical quantities that contain valuable information about the conditions of the solar atmosphere. We explore the potential of neural networks as a continuous representation of the physical quantities over time and space (also known as neural fields), for spectropolarimetric inversions. We have implemented and tested a neural field to perform one of the simplest forms of spectropolarimetric inversions, the inference of the magnetic field vector under the weak-field approximation (WFA). By using a neural field to describe the magnetic field vector, we regularized the solution in the spatial and temporal domain by assuming that the physical quantities are continuous functions of the coordinates. This technique can be trivially generalized to account for more complex inversion methods. We have tested the performance of the neural field to describe the magnetic field of a realistic 3D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation. We have also tested the neural field as a magnetic field inference tool (approach also known as physics-informed neural networks) using the WFA as our radiative transfer model. We investigated the results in synthetic and real observations of the Ca ii line. We also explored the impact of other explicit regularizations, such as using the information of an extrapolated magnetic field, or the orientation of the chromospheric fibrils. Compared to traditional pixel-by-pixel inversions, the neural field approach improves the fidelity of the reconstruction of the magnetic field vector, especially the transverse component. This implicit regularization is a way of increasing the effective signal to noise of the observations. Although it is slower than the pixel-wise WFA estimation, this approach shows a promising potential for depth-stratified inversions, by reducing the number of free parameters and inducing spatiotemporal constraints in the solution.

PROCESSOS PSICOTERAPÊUTICOS: SUAS CONTRIBUIÇÕES NA QUALIDADE DE VIDA DA PESSOA COM DEMÊNCIA E ALZHEIMER

This study aims to elucidate and collect data on: “Psychotherapeutic Processes: Their contributions to the quality of life of people with dementia and Alzheimer’s”. It is understood that Dementia represents a cognitive disorder that causes the gradual impoverishment of brain function, affecting the ability to judge, memory, language and other cognitive processes, occurring more frequently in elderly individuals and the prevalence of dementia doubles every five years. years from the age of 65, based on this context, this article aims to present how psychotherapeutic processes can alleviate symptoms and improve the quality of life of people with dementia and Alzheimer's. Aiming to understand the causes and development of dementia and Alzheimer's disease, identifying factors that contribute to the physical and psychological burden on family members and their caregivers. The investigation is based on the CBT approach, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, which specifically expresses its therapeutic mechanisms of action. It also hears contributions from the TAC approach. Behavioral Analytical Therapy that made it possible to understand the patient in their context. Therefore, this study was guided by a bibliographical research methodology, exploratory in nature, with a qualitative, field and descriptive approach, hypothetical-deductive and non-experimental. I understand that this line of research and approach is the most viable for the study for now. Therefore, the results contextualized here can be considered satisfactory to those initially proposed in this psychotherapeutic study. There are still clearly several aspects and possibilities to be analyzed in future studies, and, therefore, in more depth.

Salt-Controlled Vertical Segregation of Mixed Polymer Brushes.

Using the self-consistent field approach, we studied the salt-controlled vertical segregation of mixed polymer brushes immersed into a selective solvent. We considered brushes containing two types of chains: polyelectrolyte (charged) chains and neutral chains. The hydrophobicity of both types of chains is characterized by the Flory-Huggins parameters χC and χN, respectively. It was assumed that the hydrophobicity is varied only for the polyelectrolyte chains (χC), while other polymer chains in the brush remain hydrophilic (χN=0) and neutral. Thus, in our model, the solvent selectivity (χ=χC-χN) was varied, which can be controlled in a real experiment, for example, by changing the temperature. At low salt concentrations, the polyelectrolyte chains swell and occupy the surface of the mixed brush. At high salt concentrations, the hydrophobic polyelectrolyte chains collapse and give place to neutral chains on the surface. By changing the selectivity of the solvent and the ionic strength of the solution, the surface properties of such mixed brushes can be controlled. Based on the numerical simulations results, it is shown how the critical selectivity corresponding to the segregation transition in polyelectrolyte/neutral brushes depends on the ionic strength of the solution. It is shown that at the same ionic strength, the critical selectivity increases with an increasing degree of dissociation of charged groups, as well as with an increasing fraction of polyelectrolyte chains in the mixed brush. It has also been shown that at low ionic strengths, the critical selectivity of the solvent decreases with increasing grafting density, while at high ionic strengths, on the contrary, it increases. Within the framework of the mean field theory, a two-parameter model has been constructed that quantitatively describes these dependencies.

A New Mobility Field and Gradient-Based Traffic Signal Control Approach Applicable to Large-Scale Road Networks

Abstract Previous traffic control models were usually developed on small or medium size road networks. The traffic control models applicable to large-scale road networks have received growing interest. In this study, we develop a new mobility field and gradient-based traffic signal control approach applicable to large road networks. First, we introduce an emerging analytical technique, the mobility field approach, to generate the mobility field of urban travels and measure the gradients of the mobility field. Next, a gradient-based approach is proposed to identify the signalized intersections for implementing traffic control. Finally, a gradient-based traffic control model is developed to alleviate traffic congestion during mass events. A new solution algorithm, termed as DBSCAN-FW-GA, is proposed to solve the developed traffic control model. The developed mobility field and gradient-based traffic signal control approach is validated using actual road network data and travel demand data. Results indicate that the proposed new traffic control approach can reduce 17.97% more travel time compared with the widely used perimeter control approach.

Driving factors for the peculiar bond length dependence and tetragonal distortion of (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se2 and other chalcopyrites

Abstract The chalcopyrite alloy (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se2 is a highly efficient thin film solar cell absorber, reaching record efficiencies above 23%. Recently, a peculiar behavior in the bond length dependence of (Ag,Cu)GaSe2 was experimentally proven. The common cation bond length, namely Ga–Se, decreases with increasing Ag/(Ag + Cu) ratio even though the crystal lattice expands. This is opposite to the behavior observed for Cu(In,Ga)Se2, where all bond lengths increase with increasing lattice size. To better understand this peculiar bond length behavior, element-specific bond lengths of (Ag,Cu)InSe2 and Ag(In,Ga)Se2 alloys are determined using extended x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. They show that the peculiar bond length dependence occurs only for (Ag,Cu) alloys, independent of the species of common cation (In or Ga). The bond lengths are used to determine the anion displacements and to estimate their contribution to the bandgap bowing. Again, both behaviors differ significantly depending on the type of alloyed cation. A valence force field approach, relaxing bond lengths and bond angles, is used to describe the structural distortion energy for a comprehensive set of I–III–VI2 and II–IV–V2 chalcopyrites. The model reveals bond angle distortions as main driving factor for the tetragonal distortion and reproduces the literature values with less than 10% deviation. In contrast, the peculiar bond length dependence is not reproduced, demonstrating that it originates from electronic effects beyond the scope of this structural model. Thus, a fundamental understanding of bond length behavior and tetragonal distortion is achieved for chalcopyrite materials, benefiting their technological applications such as high efficiency thin film photovoltaics.

A Sociological Response: Challenging the Modernity-centrism of Pierre Bourdieu’s Field Approach

A Sociological Response: Challenging the Modernity-centrism of Pierre Bourdieu’s Field Approach