Field Research Research Articles

Upaya Pemenuhan Hak dan Kewajiban Suami Istri Disabilitas

Rights and obligations arise from the practice of valid marriage. Therefore, each couple must fulfill their rights and obligations equitably. However, many couples struggle to perform these duties effectively due to various factors, including personal limitations that hinder their ability to meet their rights and obligations, often stemming from the incomplete or impaired functioning of one or more body parts. This research aims to explore the efforts made by disabled spouses to fulfill their rights and obligations and the impact of these efforts on family resilience. The study employs field research, utilizing an empirical approach and data collection techniques such as interviews and sampling. The findings indicate that the endeavors of disabled couples to fulfill their rights and obligations are remarkable. Husbands are willing to work hard to provide for their households, demonstrating care and commitment to family responsibilities. Meanwhile, wives also actively seek additional income and show obedience and respect towards their husbands. These efforts have positive implications for the resilience of their households.

The Effect of Urban–Rural Fringe Landscape Environment Enhancement on the Settlement Intentions of Young Talents

As new urbanization and rural revitalization strategies are implemented, the relationship between urban and rural areas is rapidly changing. Accordingly, rural landscape design is becoming increasingly important for promoting rural development. Located at the intersection of urban and rural areas and offering unique geographic characteristics and developmental potential, urban–rural fringe villages offer a valuable setting for assessing how rural transformation and landscape improvement influence the settlement intentions of regional talents. Drawing upon the Landscape Affordance Theory and the Stimulus–Organism–Response Theory, this study develops a model to evaluate how enhancements in comfort, convenience, safety, and aesthetics within rural landscapes influence the perceptions of livability and settlement intentions of young rural talents. The research utilizes a survey of residents aged 16 to 45 in representative urban–rural fringe villages in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, collecting 230 valid responses. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 26 and AMOS 28 to assess the impact of these landscape attributes on livability perceptions and settlement intentions. This study demonstrates that Perceived Convenience (PCV) and Perceived Aesthetics (PA) have significant positive effects on Design Satisfaction (DS) and Perceived Livability (PL). The research identifies the positive impacts of the four characteristics of rural landscape enhancement on PL, ranking them in order of influence: PCV > PA > Perceived Safety (PS) > Perceived Comfort (PC). Similarly, the positive effects on DS are ranked as follows: PCV > PA > PC. PL is identified as having the strongest impact on Talents’ Intention to Stay (TIS), indicating that improving livability perceptions is crucial for enhancing both design satisfaction and settlement intentions. Our findings demonstrate that improvements to the convenience, comfort, aesthetics, and safety of the landscape environment can significantly affect the settlement intentions of young talents in rural areas. Through field research and empirical data validation, this study highlights the positive effect of enhancements in four key areas of landscape design on the perceived livability and settlement intentions of young talents in rural settings, offering clear guidance for rural planning and design initiatives.

Analysis of poor work postures during morning care operations of intensive care unit nurses: a field research

BackgroundPoor working postures in morning care operations contribute significantly to work-related muscle fatigue and low back pain among ICU (Intensive Care Unit, ICU) nurses. However,there are few field studies on the relationship between Poor working postures and work-related muscle fatigue, low back pain among ICU nurses.ObjectiveThis study aims to assess the frequency and degree of posture hazards associated with poor working postures during morning care operations of ICU nurses.MethodsTwo ICUs in a Grade-A tertiary hospital in Hunan Province were randomly selected for the field study in May–June 2021 research. The image data of the participating nurses’ morning care work postures were collected by observation method and image recording method, and the postural hazard level was assessed by the two-person interpretation method of the work posture analysis system. The mean and standard deviation, frequency and percentage were used for the basic statistical description, and the general linear model multivariate Hotelling’s T2 test was used to calculate the Hotelling’s T2 and F statistics to explore the pattern of change in the postural hazard score curves.ResultsA total of 45 nurses were observed during morning care operations, resulting in 47.8 h of video data and 34,428 effective static operation posture pictures. Among these pictures, 21,166 (61.5%) depicted poor working postures. Nurses spent up to 7 min and 30 s maintaining a challenging posture during oral care, with the highest postural hazard score (M = 2.2, SD = 0.3) observed during defecation care. Each patient requires a total of 25–30 min of oral care per day.The Hotelling’s T2 test indicated that the change curve of the postural hazard score in each step revealed the largest second-order F value, F = 52.931, P < 0.001.DiscussionICU nurses frequently adopt poor working postures during morning care operations. Further research should focus on optimizing safe working postures to prevent or minimise detrimental occupational hazards resulting from poor working postures.Research on occupational low back pain among ICU nurses can help them work more efficiently, and thereby improving their nursing level.

Optimizing sheep growth curves using a meta-heuristic algorithm.

Sheep were among the first animals domesticated by humans, and to this day, small ruminants are primarily raised for their meat, milk, and wool. This study evaluated the goodness of fit for growth curve models using observed age and weight data from crossbred lambs of various breeds based on the mean values between paired breeds. We employed a hybrid metaheuristic algorithm, combining a simulated annealing (SA) algorithm and a genetic algorithm (GA) called SAGAC, to determine the optimal parameter values for growth models, ensuring the best alignment between simulated and observed curves. The goodness of fit and model accuracy was assessed using the coefficient of determination (R2), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). Errors were measured by comparing the criteria differences between simulated and observed data. Thirty crossbreed combinations were simulated, considering the average weight. Analysis of the observed and simulated growth curves indicated that specific crossbreeding scenarios produced promising results. This simulation approach is believed to assist geneticists in predicting potential crossbreeding outcomes, thereby saving time and financial resources in field research.

Islam, Adat, and State: Examining the Phenomenon of Child Custody After Divorce in Padang Lawas Regency

This research is motivated by the phenomenon of childcare by fathers after divorce in Padang Lawas County. This phenomenon raises the interest of researchers to further examine child custody by fathers after divorce. The research method used is field research with a qualitative approach. Researchers collected primary data through interviews with traditional leaders and fathers caring for their children after divorce. The data obtained was then analyzed using descriptive analysis techniques, which involved collecting data through interviews and documentation and systematic data processing to describe and interpret existing phenomena. The results show that although customs in Padang Lawas County give custody to the father, it is essential to consider the provisions of the compilation of Islamic law and the broader principles of Islamic law. Child custody should focus on the best interests of the child, ensuring their physical, emotional, and mental development. Both parents have equal rights unless there are compelling reasons to the contrary, and they must work together to maintain the child's stability. Children have the right to adequate education and healthcare, as well as to maintain a good relationship with both parents, even if only one has primary custody.

COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE DIFERENTES ÓLEOS COMO FLUIDOS DE CORTE: UMA REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA

This work presents a comparative analysis among different types of oils used as cutting fluids in the machining industry. The research aimed to address the comparison of mineral, synthetic, and vegetable oils, considering their physicochemical properties, machining performance, and environmental impacts of these fluids. The proper choice of cutting fluid is essential to optimize the cutting process of metallic materials, directly influencing the operation efficiency, the quality of machined parts, and production costs. The results indicate that each type of oil has distinct characteristics that should be considered in selecting the most suitable cutting fluid for each application. This study contributes to the understanding of the importance of choosing the correct oil as a cutting fluid and provides valuable information for professionals and researchers in the machining field.

The Managerial Competence of School Principals in Improving the Quality of Secondary Education

Improving student learning outcomes depends on teacher involvement in learning and the principal's good managerial competence in carrying out managerial functions in the school environment. This research aims to find information about the principal's plan to improve the quality of education in Banda Aceh City State Middle Schools and to describe the managerial function of school principals in enhancing the quality of education in Banda Aceh City State Middle Schools.This research uses a field research approach, namely research, where researchers go directly into the field to look for materials close to the truth. The study was conducted directly at State Middle Schools in Banda Aceh City, namely State Middle School 1 and State Middle School 12 in Banda Aceh City. The results of the research prove that the managerial competence possessed by school principals at SMPN 1 and SMPN 12 Banda Aceh City has so far been the basis or guide in the process of placing school principals, which is based on planning ability, organizing ability, ability to carry out school activities and ability to carry out supervision of every activity at school. School principals who have reliable managerial competence can influence progress in the educational environment, teacher performance, the effectiveness of school governance, and the achievement of better educational outcomes.

Analysing the Socio-Economic Adjustment of Syrians under Temporary Protection: The Case of Ankara

The socio-economic adjustment of Syrians residing in Ulubey, Alemdağ, and Önder neighbourhoods in the Altındağ district of Ankara is the subject of this study. The study aims to examine the factors affecting the socio-economic adjustment of Syrians under temporary protection and the impact of the economic adjustment process on the social adjustment process within the framework of a mixed research method. The findings reveal that Syrian participants' legal and economic problems in the economic adjustment process affect their social adjustment process. The study is thought to shed light on the solution to these problems by providing scientific data based on the field research findings on Syrians' socio-economic adjustment process and adjustment problems.

Western architectural ornamental art in traditional Chinese architecture: a case study of Tengchong City based on interdisciplinary approach

ABSTRACT This paper explores a previously unrecorded style of East-West architectural ornamentation in Tengchong, Yunnan Province, China, overlooked in historical architectural studies. The aim of this research is to both document and analyze this unique blend of Eastern and Western architectural elements, employing both qualitative and quantitative methods. Initially, literary research identifies relevant sites, which are subsequently examined through field research to collect firsthand data on the local architectural decorations that exhibit this East-West synthesis. Employing an interdisciplinary approach that integrates concepts from biology and statistics, the study views these architectural decorations as a living organism. This perspective allows for a detailed examination of how different cultural elements are incorporated into local architecture, analyzed quantitatively and statistically. Through this research, a qualitative description of these hybrid architectural elements is developed, further enriched by a quantitative analysis based on statistical methods. The qualitative aspect of the study traces the historical evolution of this East-West architectural form, observing changes in themes and structures. In terms of quantitative findings, a detailed statistical profile of these local architectural features is established, which supports the qualitative insights. Overall, this research sheds light on a neglected aspect of architectural ornamentation, presenting a thorough analysis of its development and current state through an innovative mix of qualitative and quantitative research techniques. This study not only provides new data but also opens up fresh avenues for future research on similar topics.

Exploring the Efficacy of Artificial Intelligence: A Comprehensive Analysis of CHAT-GPT's Accuracy and Completeness in Addressing Urinary Incontinence Queries.

Artificial intelligence models are increasingly gaining popularity among patients and healthcare professionals. While it is impossible to restrict patient's access to different sources of information on the Internet, healthcare professional needs to be aware of the content-quality available across different platforms. To investigate the accuracy and completeness of Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer (ChatGPT) in addressing frequently asked questions related to the management and treatment of female urinary incontinence (UI), compared to recommendations from guidelines. This is a cross-sectional study. Two researchers developed 14 frequently asked questions related to UI. Then, they were inserted into the ChatGPT platform on September 16, 2023. The accuracy (scores from 1 to 5) and completeness (score from 1 to 3) of ChatGPT's answers were assessed individually by two experienced researchers in the Women's Health field, following the recommendations proposed by the guidelines for UI. Most of the answers were classified as "more correct than incorrect" (n = 6), followed by "incorrect information than correct" (n = 3), "approximately equal correct and incorrect" (n = 2), "near all correct" (n = 2, and "correct" (n = 1). Regarding the appropriateness, most of the answers were classified as adequate, as they provided the minimum information expected to be classified as correct. These results showed an inconsistency when evaluating the accuracy of answers generated by ChatGPT compared by scientific guidelines. Almost all the answers did not bring the complete content expected or reported in previous guidelines, which highlights to healthcare professionals and scientific community a concern about using artificial intelligence in patient counseling.

Brine exploitation at Cacica (Romania): An application of radial model of salt supplying

Drawing on ethnoarchaeological field research conducted in Romania's Outer Carpathian region between 2007 and 2015, an ethnographic radial model for the supply of brine, recrystallized salt, and rock salt was developed. This paper aims to apply this model to prehistoric contexts, specifically the Neolithic, Chalcolithic, and Bronze Age periods, in relation to the brine sources at Cacica. The selection of this area is grounded in several factors: the presence of multiple brine sources, the use of the briquetage technique (a method for producing salt cakes in ceramic containers) during a specific phase of the Chalcolithic, extensive documentation from ethnographic and ethnohistorical studies, and a rich database on prehistoric settlement patterns.At Cacica, two distinct methods of brine exploitation were identified: the production of salt cakes and the direct use of brine without human intervention, primarily for human and animal consumption. The authors utilized the Radial Model of Salt Supply to analyse these two methods of exploitation and suggest that this dual model could offer valuable insights into the understanding of inland briquetage sites across worldwide.

Managing perceptions on the linguistic terms of qualitative scales

In this paper, we consider the problem of how individuals perceive the ordinal proximities between the linguistic terms of an ordered qualitative scale. We address the challenge of accurately measuring these ordinal proximities in ordered qualitative scales used in surveys. To tackle this issue, we have devised a visual procedure, managed through sliders, and an appropriate software that generates the metrizable ordinal measure which represents the ordinal arrangement of the proximities between the linguistic terms of an ordered qualitative scale. The procedure has been applied to real-world survey data to validate its effectiveness. The results indicate that the new proposal significantly outperforms traditional techniques in terms of accuracy and reliability, providing a robust tool for researchers in fields requiring precise ordinal data analysis.

Edu-Tourism Through Digital Literacy Based on Science and Technology in Community Empowerment Efforts to Improve the Economy in Banyuwangi Regency

This research aims to explore the role of science and technology-based edutourism in community empowerment efforts for economic improvement in Banyuwangi Regency, East Java. The subject matter studied includes the impact of the application of science and technology in edu-tourism programs on community economic improvement, strengthening the quality of education, and preserving local culture, improving the quality of human resources, utilizing technology in edu-tourism, and its impact on local economic development. The research method used was a literature study, as well as field research to collect relevant qualitative data. The data used includes data on the economy, education, tourism, and science and technology innovation in the education and tourism sectors. Based on the data analysis, this study highlights the importance of utilizing science and technology in the development of edu-tourism programs as an effort to improve the quality of the tourist experience, empower local communities, and strengthen the regional economy. The conclusion of this study shows that the implementation of science and technology-based edu-tourism has great potential to be one of the effective strategies in the effort to empower the community and improve the economy in Banyuwangi Regency. It is hoped that the results of this research can provide input for the government, educational institutions and tourism actors to develop edu-tourism programs in the form of sustainable digital modules and based on website technology to support economic and social development in Banyuwangi Regency.

The Implementation of Parental Obligations in the Fulfillment of Children’s Rights: A Case Study in Banjaran Godang Village Based on the Compilation of Islamic Law and the Child Protection Law

This research aims to examine the implementation of parental obligations in Banjaran Godang Village in fulfilling children’s rights, specifically the right to education, play, and growth and development, based on the Compilation of Islamic Law and the Child Protection Law. This study adopts a combined approach, namely qualitative with the field research method and normative, by analyzing data qualitatively to describe the problem and answer the research objectives. The results showed that implementing parental obligation in fulfilling children’s rights in Banjaran Godang Village is not fully aligned with the Compilation of Islamic Law and Child Protection Law. There is a misunderstanding among parents who consider formal education merely Sunnah and prioritize trading and farming skills, based on their interpretation of the life of the Prophet Muhammad SAW in his childhood. As a result, children’s rights to play, grow, and develop are neglected. Therefore, it is recommended that the Banjaran Godang Village Government develop a comprehensive and sustainable counseling and outreach program regarding children’s rights and parental obligations. This program should involve religious leaders to correct misunderstandings about formal education in Islam, experts in the field of child protection to provide a comprehensive understanding of children’s rights, and related institutions to optimize program implementation.

Research on planting planning of Glycyrrhiza uralensis in Naiman Banner based on MaxEnt model and remote sensing technology

Benefits of Glycyrrhiza uralensis include removing heat, detoxifying, and moistening the lungs, easing coughs, refueling the spleen, and balancing medications. In addition to providing theoretical guidance for the development of the G. uralensis industry and rural revitalization plan, it is anticipated that this paper will also provide basic data for the formulation of production layout of the G. uralensis industry at the county level, the control of cultivation industry direction, the establishment of high-quality G. uralensis cultivation technology system. The Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model was used to simulate the potential distribution of G. uralensis, a Chinese medicine resource, in Naiman Banner. By conducting a field inquiry and a broad assessment of the available Chinese medicine resources, the distribution information was acquired. The random forest technique was used to classify G. uralensis. The phenological cycle and development mode of vegetation, which exhibits diverse temporal traits and aids in identification, were elucidated through long-term series analysis. The random forest classification algorithm based on multiple features showed high accuracy in remote sensing (RS) recognition of G. uralensis. Comparative analysis of the MaxEnt and RS results showed that the planting area of G. uralensis was smaller than that of its potential distribution. The expansion to high-suitability areas planting should be prioritized. Based on the dual analysis of regional and remote sensing, it not only proved the great potential of using geographic information to predict the distribution of G. uralensis, but also verified the great potential of extracting the distribution of G. uralensis from GF-6 images. These results will guide the planting and development of G. uralensis in Naiman Banner and a scientific basis for the development of G. uralensis economy, conducive to optimizing the ecological environment and promoting rural revitalization programs.

THE APPLICATION OF SPIRITUAL COUNSELING TO OVERCOME GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER (GAD): A CASE STUDY ON CLIENT “I” FROM GOMBAK, SELANGOR, MALAYSIA

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a mental disorder involving excessive and uncontrollable fear, anxiety, and worry. Referring to this research, the focus of the study is related to the description of client “I”’s GAD, such as factors, symptoms, and level of GAD anxiety disorders. This research also explains how the spiritual counseling approach can overcome client “I” ‘s GAD problem based on Surah Al-Ma'arij from verses 19 to 32. Client “I” is the main source for this research. Therefore, this research was carried out in three meetings from 03 September 2023 to 10 January 2024 according to the type of research using field research with qualitative methods. The data from this research were obtained from interviews and observations and used data analysis for case studies that had been developed by Robert K. Yin, namely pattern matching, explanation, and time series analysis. The results of the study showed that there was a significant impact on the symptoms of anxiety disorder in a client “I”. Apart from that, the GAD level of client “I” also showed a positive change from a score of 14 to a score of 11 using the GAD-7 Rating Scale. In conclusion, a systematic spiritual counseling approach guided by the verses of the Qur'an has been proven to bring positive changes and overcome Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD).

Identification and Occurrence of the Dominant Parasitic Wasp Therophilus festivus of Larval Grapholita molesta

The oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta, is one of the most destructive orchard pests worldwide. Due to its behavior of boring into twigs and fruits, controlling the pest at the larval stage using insecticides is challenging. We studied the enemy species at the larval stage of G. molesta from seven fruit-growing areas by sampling peach shoots and fruits bored by its larvae. The occurrence and biological characteristics of the dominant enemy were verified using field investigation and laboratory experiments. The results showed that the dominant enemy species of larval G. molesta was identified as Therophilus festivus. The larval, cocoon, and pupal stages of T. festivus could not survive at 35 °C. The developmental durations of these three stages at 20 °C were significantly longer than those at 25 °C and 28 °C. Consecutive years of investigation in Xinxiang, China, indicated that T. festivus can parasitize G. molesta larvae collected at each generation. The parasitism rates in June (45.16%), July (63.50%), and August (48.37%) were significantly higher than those in April (15.27%). Most field research in China has focused on the release of parasitoids to control G. molesta eggs. Our study establishes a foundation for the control of G. molesta larvae using T. festivus.

Substantive behavioral aspects of consumer behavior in the conditions of sanctions pressure on the Russian economy

Relevance. Sanctions pressure on the economy of the Russian Federation is one of the most important factors influencing consumer behavior and their consumer preferences. Under sanctions, many social, economic and political aspects influence consumer behavior, from which new consumer trends and changes in consumer behavior emerge.The purpose is to explore the substantive behavioral aspects of consumer behavior under the conditions of sanctions pressure on the Russian economy.Objectives: study changes in consumer preferences in connection with global crises; analyze changes in consumer behavior depending on various factors and price dynamics as a factor in consumer behavior; explore the influence of cognitive distortions on the meaningful behavioral aspects of consumers; propose the concept of business company plans in accordance with new consumer expectations.Methodology. In the process of research, general scientific methods of logical and statistical analysis, field research, as well as qualitative and quantitative analysis were used. Results. The survey showed that consumers have become more frugal and choose domestic brands in order to save money, the study of the impact of cognitive distortions on consumers showed that society is prone to a pessimistic attitude in terms of adopting new domestic products and brands.Conclusions. A business plan under sanctions pressure, aimed at the novelty of the product and its effectiveness, will help companies promote their goods and services on the Russian market during the period of sanctions pressure. Focusing on changing the object of purchase, place of purchase (online trading if possible), timing and methods of procurement in accordance with new motives and customer expectations will give companies an advantage in conditions of market instability and changing behavioral aspects of consumers.

IMPLEMENTASI PENANGANAN GELANDANGAN DAN PENGEMIS TERHADAP KETERTIBAN UMUM DI KOTA SERANG

Serang City is one of the areas that has social problems, in this case the presence of homeless people and beggars which is quite disturbing for public order. In an effort to deal with this, it has been regulated in Serang City Regional Regulation Number 2 of 2010 concerning Prevention, Eradication, Management of Disease and Society, However, if you look at the current reality, there is no visible decrease in the number of homeless people and beggars on the streets, in fact homeless people and beggars are increasing every year. This research aims to determine and analyze the implementation of handling homeless people and beggars on public order in Serang City in accordance with Regional Regulation Number 2 of 2010 and to find out and analyze sanctions for regulating public order towards homeless people and beggars in Serang City. This research uses a qualitative method in the form of observing phenomena that occur in society in depth. This type of research uses empirical juridical, an approach based on data obtained directly from the community as the first source through field research, which is carried out either through observations, interviews. as well as by reviewing statutory regulations. The results of this research show that: (1) Regional Work Units have not implemented the Regional Regulations optimally so that there has not been a reduction in the number of homeless people and beggars, (2) Existing sanctions in accordance with the applicable Regional Regulations have not been implemented for homeless people and beggars

Collecting empires: Dominik Bilimek and early subterranean zoology between politics and field research

The Moravian Cistercian monk and collector Dominik Bilimek (1813–1884) is considered one of the earliest European naturalists to conduct zoological research on subterranean fauna in Latin America. During the second French invasion of Mexico, from 1861 to 1867, he accompanied Maximilian of Habsburg, the newly enthroned emperor of Mexico, to the region. There, he explored the Grutas de Cacahuamilpa near Taxco de Alarcón, comparing its fauna to his earlier discoveries in Postojnska jama in Carniola (Slovenia). After the victory of the Mexican republican forces and Maximilian’s execution, Bilimek retained his role as curator of the emperor’s collections, which he took back with him to Europe and exhibited at Miramare Castle near Trieste. Prior to his Mexican venture, Bilimek had embraced the imperial goals and intellectual agendas of the Viennese central administration while teaching at the monarchy’s military institutes. Following the revolutions of 1848/49, extensive research undertakings—including geoscientific, biological, and archaeological surveys—were initiated to preserve the Habsburg monarchy as a supranational entity amidst internal and external crises, and to legitimize its territorial framework as both a natural and cultural unit. These developments coincided with the initial surge of zoological interest in Carniolan caves, which spurred efforts to gather similar findings in other karst regions of the monarchy. Drawing on historical sources, this article explores the intersection of political concepts and fieldwork practices in the early study of cave biology. Special attention is given to the sites, networks, and modes of collecting during this transformative period.