Field Of Telecommunications Research Articles

Explainable artificial intelligence for feature selection in network traffic classification: A comparative study

AbstractOver the past decade, there has been a growing surge of interest in leveraging artificial intelligence and machine learning models to address real‐world challenges within the field of telecommunications and networking. Among these challenges, network traffic classification has consistently remained a key focal point within the community. The emergence of new paradigms such as internet of things has added complexity to this challenge, owing to the diverse array of traffic classes it introduces. This complexity is further compounded when dealing with encrypted traffic data. In the context of this paper, we employ explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) techniques to offer insightful explanations for the task of classifying encrypted network traffic. Our approach involves presenting a ranked list of the model's input features, organized based on their significance in influencing the classifier's predictions. These ranked lists shed light on the underlying functionality of the encrypted traffic classification model, enabling users to discern which features hold greater importance in shaping the model's output by harnessing the insights provided by XAI approaches. Moreover, we carry out a quantitative assessment and comparison of the results generated by these XAI methods and outputs of three other conventional, widely adopted feature selection approaches, utilizing them as feature selection techniques when applied to a convolutional neural network for classifying data from the CIC‐Darknet2020 and CIC‐IDS2017 datasets. The results show that XAI techniques have high performance in feature selection for network traffic classification.

Understanding the Rivalry Among Telecommunication Companies in the Cross-Border Patent Infringement: An Evolutionary Social Network Analysis

Understanding the rivalry in infringement-litigation dynamics is critical for firms in the telecommunication industry. While the number of cross-border patent disputes in these years has surged owing to the globalized economy, the existing literature primarily focuses on patent disputes among telecommunication companies in the national jurisdiction. Hence, to capture the rivalry in the telecommunication industry more comprehensively, we utilize the evolutionary social network to explore the patent dispute data in the International Trade Commission (ITC), which is a crucial legal battleground for enterprises with international business. Through developing a dynamic litigation network and discussing the possible role of the positions in compliance with their interacting relationship, we illustrated that companies involved in ITC investigations can be segmented into key players, frequent respondents, strategic applicants, as well as peripheral enterprises, and the litigation strategies implicated behind four groups of firms stress the strategic nature of ITC investigations. According to the findings, this study contributes to the literature on patent litigation in the telecommunication field and social network relationships. In addition, this paper suggests that telecommunication companies should develop litigation strategies based on their positions and roles in the competition network, and policymakers need to have a deeper understanding of the competition practices in the global legal context.

Innovative flexible and compact patch antenna for multiband terahertz applications

Terahertz antennas have garnered significant attention for use in the fields of telecommunications and medical applications. One of the major issues with THz antennas is the integration of flexibility with multiband characteristics. This article focuses on designing and constructing a new, compact, and flexible dual-band THz antenna using different slots for terahertz applications. The essence of the antenna design is rooted in a careful strategy for positioning slots, both on the ground plane and within the patch. The rising need for flexible electronics is the primary motivation behind the investigation of this flexible, multiband antenna. The examined antenna is supported by a flexible polyimide substrate with small dimensions of 1.5 × 1 × 0.15 mm3. Several adjustments are made to the radiating patch to enable multiband functionality, resulting in operation at 123 GHz and 180.4 GHz. The corresponding return losses are -35.03 dB and -38.71 dB, while the bandwidths for the two frequency bands are 3.3 % and 8.86 %, respectively. For all working bands, the VSWR of the given antenna is lower than 2, with a gain of 4.12 dB and 5.05 dB at the resonating frequency, as well as a radiation efficiency of 81.6 % and 89.3 % inside the resonating bands. Moreover, a parametric investigation was additionally carried out to ascertain the ideal dimensions of the suggested antenna. As the antenna is constructed using a flexible substrate, this article also delves into the analysis of antenna bending in both the x- and y-axes. The suggested antenna can be applied in modern handheld fifth-generation (5 G) and terahertz medical imaging applications, such as breast cancer detection.

Педагогічні умови формування графічної компетентності майбутніх фахівців у галузі електроніки та телекомунікацій засобами цифрових технологій

The article deals with the actual problem of determining the pedagogical conditions that ensure the formation of graphic competence in the future specialists in the field of electronics and telecommunications by means of digital technologies and other professional qualities necessary for the implementation of successful professional activities in the modern digital world.
 To determine the pedagogical conditions for the formation of future specialists in the field of electronics and telecommunications graphic competence by means of digital technologies, the method of survey and independent expert evaluations was used.
 Of the 11 pedagogical conditions proposed for expert evaluation, four were selected that have a high and very high degree of agreement of the experts' opinions. Therefore, we believe that the following pedagogical conditions will have a positive impact on the formation of graphic competence of future specialists in the field of electronics and telecommunications using digital technologies: creating conditions for the development of cognitive interest and providing motivation to carry out professional activities of future specialists in the field of electronics and telecommunications; willingness of scientific and pedagogical workers to promote the development of graphic competence of applicants; gradual development of graphic competence as an integral component of the applicant's professional competence; the use of innovative pedagogical technologies in order to activate the educational and cognitive activities of the applicants.
 The use of innovative pedagogical technologies in order to activate the educational and cognitive activities of future specialists in the field of electronics and telecommunications in order to form their graphic competence by means of digital technologies has a number of advantages, in particular: improving the quality of education, developing creative abilities and independence of students, increasing motivation to study, etc. Among the promising methods for forming the graphic competence of future specialists in the field of electronics and telecommunications using digital technologies are the following: interactive technologies that allow students to actively interact with each other in the process of mastering educational material, in particular, the brainstorming method, the project method, etc.; game technologies, among which we see promising didactic games, scenario games, simulation games, etc.; distance learning technologies as a means of improving graphic skills and abilities; problem-based learning technologies that allow students to develop critical thinking, creative abilities, and practical skills.

Analisis Pengaruh Penggunaan AAU pada Swap RRU terhadap Kualitas Layanan Telekomunikasi di Wilayah Pusdikom Cibeureum Cimahi

Telecommunications technology continues to undergo advancements. The enabler of communication in the field of telecommunications is the telecommunications equipment installed on a BTS tower. These devices are constantly being updated to improve the service provided by the provider to meet the needs of customers. One of the network technologies currently used is 4G LTE. To enhance the network service, one of the measures taken is performing a swap or upgrade of the telecommunications equipment on a BTS tower. The upgrade of telecommunications equipment is also influenced by the population in the vicinity of the BTS tower. This allows for the replacement of telecommunications devices with ones that have broader coverage and better signal quality. This research, we discuss the issue of network capacity shortage in the Cibeureum area, South Cimahi. This is indicated by the addition of AAUs to the BTS tower in Pusdikom, Cibeureum. This research found data that South Cimahi is the most densely populated area in the city compared to other districts. Therefore, the addition of AAUs is highly effective for this issue. It is known that the AAUs are added to replace the RRUs on the tower. This is because the capacity and transmission channels of AAUs are greater than RRUs. The addition of AAU with 32T32R specifications to the tower improves signal quality with the following parameter values: RSRP(dbm): -68, -72, -76; RSRQ(db): -11, -10, -10; and SNR(db): 1, 1, 4. These values are categorized as good, indicating that the addition of AAU to the tower can effectively increase network capacity and transmission channels, thereby improving network quality in the area.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ITS ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS

This article will focus on the application of artificial intelligence in telecommunications, as well as the challenges and prospects of its use in this field. Let's look at how artificial intelligence helps to improve processes in telecommunications, as well as what problems may arise during its implementation. Special attention will be paid to the possibilities of further development of artificial intelligence in the field of telecommunications.

Management of innovation potential of telecommunication enterprises in conditions of economic instability

Within the framework of this article, an analysis of economic entities of different sizes on the Ukrainian market in conditions of economic instability was carried out, taking into account their innovative activity. The peculiarities of the functioning of enterprises in the field of telecommunications in conditions of economic instability have been determined, and the conceptual bases of their management within the framework of the components of the management system by levels and the support system have been substantiated. On this basis, a mechanism for managing the innovative potential of telecommunications enterprises was developed and its components were described. It is proven that the formation and implementation of the mechanism for managing the innovative potential of communication enterprises within the framework of the proposed management system will affect their activities in accordance with the development goals and the chosen strategy. This will allow the management of telecommunications enterprises to ensure the effectiveness of management decisions, to increase competitive advantages based on innovation and increase their competitive position in conditions of economic instability.

Rancang Bangun Smart Trash Bin Automation pada Smartlab Politeknik Negeri Jakarta

Smartlab is a new laboratory in Department of Electrical Engineering, Jakarta State Polytechnic. The lab is designed to support the latest research in the telecommunications field, including the implementation of automation for the systems and items in the lab. The development of a Smart Trash Bin Automation is one of the ongoing projects. Using information and digital technology, it aids in the management and handling of waste collection. This research has created the Smart Trash Bin Automation system, which is connected to the internet using Arduino Uno Rev3 and ESP-32. This module is responsible for processing and sending data from the trash bins to a smartphone. The smartphone use Blynk application, which receives data when the systems sends notification to the users when the trash bin reaches its maximum capacity. Smart Trash Bin Automation is also equipped with an ultrasonic sensor that detects objects inside the trash bin. If an object is detected, the trash bin will open automatically, eliminating the need for users to touch the trash bin directly. The system has been tested successfully, with all devices functioting as intended.
 Keywords—Arduino, ESP-32, Smartlab, Smart Trash Bin Automation, Ultrasonic sensor.

Novel data encryption scheme and its application to secure multi-party communication

Recent advances in cellular mobile telecommunication field have dramatically facilitated the multi-party collaborative work in social networks. However, the privacy issues exposed by insecure network channels and semi-trusted service providers, such as underlying data analysis and mining, have gradually aroused public concerns. In this context, a novel Multi-Party Privacy Data Encryption (MP-PDE) scheme built upon the deep learning framework is proposed. In this scheme, a four-dimensional autonomous chaotic system is initially leveraged to configurate the key-controlled cipher streams. Under the guidance of a multi-objective optimization function, the proposed encryption network manipulates the multi-party private data into a cipher image with the statistical pseudo-randomness. At the recipient side, distinct participants can decrypt the corresponding data availing their own licensing key from the identical cipher image. Furthermore, the encryption and decryption networks are equivalent except for their trainable network parameters. Finally, numerous experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness and security of the proposed scheme.

ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЯ ТЕЛЕВІЗІЙНОГО ВИРОБНИЦТВА ПІД ЧАС НАДЗВИЧАЙНИХ СИТУАЦІЙ В УКРАЇНІ: РЕЗУЛЬТАТИ ОПИТУВАННЯ

<p><strong><em>Research aim: </em></strong><em>to characterize the changes in the preparation and broadcasting of the news audiovisual product by Ukrainian television broadcasters and which technologies have become key in providing live broadcasts, live feed, feedback from the audience, etc. during the extraordinary events in the country, namely Covid-19.</em></p><p><strong><em>Research methodology. </em></strong><em>A survey method was used to find out changes in media production and broadcasting. The results were interpreted in the form of tables and diagrams through the method of comparison and systematization. The descriptive method was used during the presentation of the research results.</em></p><p><strong><em>Results. </em></strong><em>The analysis of scientific literature made it possible to distinguish three main stages of media content production and to structure theoretical knowledge on the organization of broadcasters’ activities in the Ukrainian information space. Considered how today’s challenges – emergency situations in Ukraine – affected the technology of creating news media content and what changes became necessary in the system of transmission of multimedia content. The proposed results of the survey clearly demonstrate how broadcasters chose acceptable ways to organize news production in difficult periods for the country and how innovations in the field of telecommunications, digital technologies, satellite communications and new information processing technologies contributed to regular broadcasting. </em></p><p><strong><em>Scientific novelty. </em></strong><em>In the period of emergency situations, starting with the challenges of the Covid-19 pandemic and continuing through the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation into Ukraine, news content is extremely important for users. Prompt delivery of information has become a challenge for broadcasters, as audiovisual content has become more difficult to create due to a number of circumstances. Although thanks to information technologies, the system of news’ collecting and distributing has become simpler, the question of their form and content and the quality of information services to meet the needs of various reading and viewing audiences has arisen. So, the transformational changes in television production have been an interesting experience to study. </em></p><p><strong><em>Practical value.</em></strong><em> The results of the research can be used in the process of studying communication courses, the work of newsrooms on television, media production and audiovisual product creation technologies, as well as by media practitioners in issues of interaction with the audience.</em></p><p><strong><em>Key words</em></strong><strong><em>:</em></strong><em> media production, news content, newsroom, live broadcast, media reality, audience, television broadcaster.</em></p>

Quantum confinement in GaN/AlInN asymmetric quantum wells for terahertz emission and field of optical fiber telecommunications

Quantum confinement in GaN/AlInN asymmetric quantum wells for terahertz emission and field of optical fiber telecommunications

Моделювання впливу факторів цифровізації на економічний розвиток країн світу

The article determines that digitalization as a trend in the development of the global economy manifests itself to different degrees, although the place of each country in the world community depends on the degree of impact of digitalization on the national economic and social environment. Studies of the impact of digitalization on the development of countries’ economies are extremely relevant, as digital technologies are becoming a central element of modern economic development, affecting the productivity, efficiency and competitiveness of countries at the global level. The aim of the article is to build a model of the impact of digitalization factors on the economic development of the countries of the world using the cognitive approach. For this purpose, an appropriate methodical approach has been proposed and its approbation has been carried out. The world ranking indices for assessing the level of digitalization were used as indicators of digitalization, and the indicators of the development of the economies of the world countries were used the indicators characterizing GDP, gross value added, employment, production and trade in goods and services of ICT and computer communications. The World Bank’s World Development Indicators were used as a statistical information base. On the basis of the developed methodical approach, a cognitive model of the impact of digitalization factors on the economic development of the world countries has been built, the ties between the factors have been analyzed and conclusions have been drawn about the interdependencies between them. It is determined that an effective strategy for managing digitalization processes to increase the development of the country’s economy should include the development of innovative potential through the support of research and innovative start-ups, the expansion of digital infrastructure, especially in the field of telecommunications and mobile connectivity, increasing readiness for the introduction of new technologies through educational programs and training of qualified personnel, and the development of e-governance to ensure broad access to digital public services. Such measures will contribute to increasing productivity and growth of added value in production and services, which will lead to GDP growth, ensuring sustainable economic growth and quality of life of the country’s population.

ТЕХНОЛОГИИ 5G И ИХ ВЛИЯНИЕ НА РАЗВИТИЕ ЭЛЕКТРОНИКИ

5G technology is a revolutionary step in the development of mobile networks, influencing various aspects of electronics. This article discusses the main technical characteristics and operating principles of 5G, their impact on the development of consumer and industrial electronics, as well as changes in infrastructure and communication links. Particular attention is paid to the new opportunities that 5G opens up in the Internet space, portable devices, industrial automation and much more. The technological challenges associated with the introduction of 5G and the prospects for further development of communication technologies are also discussed. The article is received for the attention of engineers and specialists in the field of telecommunications and electronics.

ОПТОЭЛЕКТРОНИКА: РАЗРАБОТКА И ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ФОТОННЫХ УСТРОЙСТВ В ТЕЛЕКОММУНИКАЦИЯХ

The article considers the development and application of photonic devices in modern telecommunication systems. The key operating principles of such devices, including lasers, light-emitting diodes, and photodetectors, are described, and the latest materials and technologies that contribute to their improvement are discussed. Particular attention is paid to the application of photonic devices in fiber-optic communication lines and integrated photonic circuits. The prospects for further development of optoelectronics and its impact on the future of telecommunications are analyzed. The article is aimed at specialists in the field of telecommunications and optoelectronics, as well as at researchers involved in the development of new photonic technologies.

Сучасний стан і перспективи розвитку зовнішньої торгівлі України з Європейським Союзом

The aim of the article is to study the current state and prospects for the development of Ukraine’s foreign trade with the European Union. It is determined that Ukraine has unique opportunities for the development of trade cooperation with the EU countries. However, Russia’s war of aggression has a strong negative impact on Ukraine’s foreign trade. It is established that the volume of trade has significantly decreased, its structure has changed. At the same time, the EU’s role as a major trading partner continues to grow. The dynamics of exports and imports of goods of Ukraine to the EU as a whole, as well as by individual EU Member States, which are trading partners of Ukraine, are considered. It is found that in 2023, Poland, Romania and Spain became the largest importers of Ukrainian goods. In 2023, Ukraine imported the most goods from Poland, Germany, and Bulgaria. The commodity structure of Ukraine’s exports to the EU in 2023 was represented mainly by agricultural products and ferrous and non-ferrous metals. The commodity structure of Ukraine’s imports from the European Union was dominated by engineering products, mineral products, and chemical products. It is determined that the volume of foreign trade in services of Ukraine and the European Union has also decreased due to the war. Thus, in 2022, there was a decrease of 33.5% compared to 2021, Ukraine’s exports of services to the EU amounted to USD 3.4 billion. Imports of services from Ukraine from the EU amounted to USD 1.7 billion. The structure of exports was dominated by services in the field of telecommunications, transport services and services for the processing of material resources. The main services imported by Ukraine were transport, business and telecommunications services. It is concluded that the EU is an important trading partner of Ukraine. Our country has significant export potential in the agricultural sector, metallurgy, mechanical engineering, etc. However, because of Russia’s war against Ukraine, logistical, financial, technological and other problems have arisen that significantly complicate foreign trade between Ukraine and the EU.

Efficient RMS Delay Spread-Based Physical Layer Abstraction Modelling for Enhanced 5G New Radio Performance Evaluation

Abstract— Nowadays, Fifth Generation-New Radio (5G-NR) is an important research area in telecommunication field. System level studies are essential to evaluate the performance of wireless systems and signaling techniques prior to practical deployment as well as to research purposes. System level studies of wireless systems involve many links between the base station and the user equipment, many modulations and coding schemes and many operation scenarios. Performing system level studies using detailed physical layer simulation using Link Level Simulator (LLS) is impractical and time consuming. Instead, physical layer abstraction models of wireless systems are used in system level studies. Therefore, this paper proposes a physical layer abstraction model for the 5G-NR cellular system following the Effective Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (ESINR) approach. The proposed abstraction model uses a novel Exponential ESINR Mapping (EESM) that involves two tunable parameters to model the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) of the 5G-NR system. The proposed model is validated against detailed LLS of the PDSCH. Novel equations are proposed to model the optimum values of the two tunable parameters of the EESM as a function of the RMS delay spread of the wireless channel for different modulation and coding schemes. The obtained results show that the performance - obtained using the proposed EESM abstraction model - is very close to the performance obtained from the detailed LLS. The run time of the abstraction model is independent of the size of the transport block data size. The abstraction model is 10 times faster than the detailed LLS for a transport block size of 3.1 kbits. This factor increases to 153 when the transport block size is increased to 57.376 kbits. The proposed equations for the EESM and its optimum two tunable parameters can be used as an accurate tool to evaluate the Block Error Rate (BER) and the throughput performance of PDSCH in NR wireless system for different environments.

Моделирование алгоритма аутентификации трафика на стороне контроллера в программно-конфигурируемой сети

To ensure efficient and optimal transmission of heterogeneous user traffic in a network, it is necessary to take into account such conditions as frame delay, speed, frequency range, and queue overflow in the Ethernet switch. In software-defined networks (SDN), these conditions can be controlled, which distinguishes SDN from a conventional computer network. SDN is a new paradigm in the field of network telecommunications. Petri nets in SDN modeling can be used to create formal models, which can be checked for correctness and efficiency before being implemented in a real network. Petri nets are also helpful in representing the architecture of SDN in the form of a graph, which improves the understanding and visualization of the SDN work. In this paper, we present a solution to the problem of SDN vulnerability using CPN Tools. We develop an algorithm for traffic authentication on the controller side in SDN to ensure the security of traffic transmission and eliminate man-in-the-middle attacks in SDN. The research aim consists in simulating the proposed algorithm and its verification based on the apparatus of Petri nets. All the components of the model on Petri nets are described. A comparative analysis of algorithms for encryption speed is carried out, and the maximum speed of traffic encryption by the proposed algorithm is revealed.

Peculiarities of the forensic examinations appointment in the investigation of criminal offenses encroaching on the economic security of Ukraine in the budgetary sphere

The article examines the peculiarities of forensic examinations in the course of investigation of criminal offenses, which encroach on the economic security of the state in the budgetary sphere. The article highlights various stages of forensic examination, such as collection of necessary materials; selection of the moment of examination; determination of the subject of forensic examination; formulation of questions to the expert; selection of an expert institution or expert, and so on.
 Based on the achievements of criminalists and the results of a survey of practitioners, an attempt is made to determine the list of forensic examinations which are mostly appointed in the investigation of criminal offenses, in particular, forensic economic examination, handwriting examination, technical examination of documents, computer and technical, telecommunications, commodity, video and sound recording, forensic medical, and so on. The author reveals the peculiarities of conducting some of them and outlines the typical issues which are important to resolve when investigating offenses in the budgetary sphere. While appointing and conducting an economic examination, the author emphasizes the importance of establishing not only the total losses, but also those caused by each accomplice; technical examination of documents – on the study of seal and stamp impressions, identification of printers; handwriting examination – identification of signatures and short notes is of particular importance; and so on.
 In today’s context, attention is focused on the study of computer hardware and software products, as well as the study of telecommunication systems (equipment) and means for establishing the facts and methods of transmitting or receiving information in telecommunication systems, establishing the facts and methods of access to systems, resources and information in the field of telecommunications, and so on. Attention is drawn to the consultative form of use in the appointment and conduct of forensic examinations in order to avoid mistakes that delay the pre-trial investigation.
 All of these achievements are confirmed by the results of statistical data and interviews with practitioners, as well as by the analysis of criminal proceedings in the mentioned category of offenses.

Proposals for Universal Protocol Fuzzer Construction

The article studies the problem of ensuring information security in the field of telecommunications using the phasing method. The analysis of modern software products designed for testing by the fuzzing method is carried out, their disadvantages are revealed, and an approach to the creation of a universal mutation protocol fuzzer is proposed. The method of test data formation allows to automate the process of searching for vulnerabilities in telecommunication protocols and pro-software. Its novelty lies in the formation of test constructs on the basis of parameters of fields of telecommunication protocols. The proposed fuzzy solution allows to form an attack vector on the basis of known parameters presented in the threat database, as well as to modify these attack vectors.

LTE network deployment based on open-source solutions

In recent years, the landscape of LTE network deployment has experienced a significant shift from reliance on proprietary solutions provided by established vendors to the exploration of open-source alternatives. Open-source solutions have gained traction due to their cost-effectiveness and flexibility, allowing network operators to customize their deployments according to specific requirements and preferences. This article examines the deployment of a 4G LTE network based on open-source solutions. In the context of open-source, the options of using software and hardware for network deployment were discussed. Through meticulous analysis and testing procedures, a viable and robust solution for 4G LTE deployment based on open-source projects is outlined. The aim of this paper is to explore the possibility of 4G deployment based on open-source projects and provide a potential option for deployment. Through this exploration, the article contributes valuable findings to the evolving field of telecommunications, paving the way for future advancements and innovations in open-source LTE network technologies.