Field Of Technology Development Research Articles

ДЕРЖАВНА СТРАТЕГІЯ ІННОВАЦІЙ ТА ПРИКЛАДНИЙ ХАРАКТЕР РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ЇХ В НАЦІОНАЛЬНІЙ ЕКОНОМІЦІ

Competitiveness of the global market is increasingly dependent on products based on which new knowledge lies. Today the industry needs science, innovations, education. The development of productive forces occurs with the close interaction of science and the latest technology. An analysis of the current state of the Ukrainian economy has shown that the existing decline and stagnation in industry can not be overcome by traditional methods, as it was possible in the near past. There is a need for radical measures for the introduction of new technical and technological solutions, modern production processes, capable of producing competitive products and providing competitive services. The above will allow the economy to exit the protracted crisis and provide Ukraine with a worthy place in the world community. Therefore, this direction of scientific research, namely the strategic aspect of innovation processes in Ukraine on the basis of foreign experience, is considered relevant. In a market economy, the company's successful activity is provided by innovation policy, which is the decisive tool in the competitive struggle. The main task of the state innovation policy should be measures aimed at creating conditions for the organic combination of scientific and technological and entrepreneurial environment. The state should strengthen direct support for the innovation process in promoting the creation of innovation infrastructure, the formation of scientific and production associations, etc. But only significant innovations should be encouraged by the state financially, for example, through preferential taxation or at the expense of budget allocations. This approach will allow not to spill out state funds in support of unpredictable innovations and will promote innovations aimed at economic breakthrough and sustainable growth. Market mechanisms at the present stage will not be enough for a noticeable intensification of the innovation process in Ukraine. The world tendencies in the field of technology development, at first glance, seem far from Ukrainian reality and do not significantly affect the range of domestic commodity producers. However, the desire of Ukraine to become a full member of the international trading system requires the production of goods and services in accordance with world requirements. That is why we need to talk about the innovative development of Ukraine not only from the point of view of raising the level of competitiveness and protection of domestic commodity producers, but also from the point of view of the expansion of our country to foreign markets.

Patent Trend and Characteristics of Major Companies in the Field of Seismic Nodal System

This study analyzed patent trends of seismic nodal systems and the technical characteristics of core patents of three major companies, including Fairfield, Sercel, and Wireless Seismic, to examine the focus of technology development of each company. From the analysis, the patent application growth rate of seismic nodal systems has steadily increased since early to mid-2000s and has recently shown a higher growth rate. Over the same period, the patent application growth rate of the three major companies examined was higher than that of the global trend, and patent infringement cases was also examined to evaluate market competition in this field. Analysis of the technical characteristics of the three companies’ 33 core patents showed that they are generally focused on seismic signal detection. Sub-technologies included improved reliability of data acquisition, data transmission efficiency, and overall operating of the seismic nodal system. New entrants in field of technology development or manufacturing of seismic nodal systems where the market is growing must closely analyze the contents of major companies’ products and patents to prevent possible patent disputes or duplicate research.

THE CZOCHRALSKI METHOD (CZ): HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT

60 years ago, in July, 1956, the USSR’s first industrial germanium single crystal was grown up by the Czochralski (CZ) method. The method of growing single crystals according to Czochralski is the most widespread one currently used for obtaining bulk single crystals. The high technical implementation level and the high extent of process automation make this method the most preferable one for the production of bulk single crystals, e.g. silicon, germanium, a number of oxide crystals and multicomponent compounds. This article offers a historical review of the emergence and distribution of this method from the time of his invention by Jan Czochralski in 1916 and up to now. It is noted that in foreseeable future the CZ method will remain the leading method of producing bulk single crystals for a wide range of materials in the industry and in scientific developments. The main stages of the development of this method in the USSR and in Russia are presented. Comparison between the levels of foreign and domestic developments in the field of equipment design and in the field of technology development is carried out. Current problems and the development prospects of the method are discussed. Russia currently has an increasing lag from the world–class industrial practice of growing single crystals for a number of important materials e.g. silicon, gallium arsenide, indium antimonite etc.. Scope of actions required from the state, professional community and development institutions are suggested.

Nanotechnology in neurology: Genesis, current status, and future prospects.

Nanotechnology is a promising, novel field of technological development. There is great potential in research and clinical applications for neurological diseases. Here we chronicle the inception of nanotechnology, discuss its integration with neurology, and highlight the challenges in current application. Some of the problems involving practical use of neuronanotechnology are direct biological toxicity, visualization of the nanodevice, and the short life expectancy of nanomachinery. Neuron cell therapy is an upcoming field for the treatment of challenging problems in neurology. Peptide nanofibers based on amphiphilic molecules have been developed that can autoregulate their structure depending on the conditions of the surrounding milieu. Such frameworks are promising for serving as drug delivery systems or communication bridges between damaged neurons. For common disabling diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and multiple sclerosis (MS), recent developments have seen revolutionary nanotech-based novelties, which are discussed here in detail. Bioimaging integrated with nanoneuromedicine has opened up new doors for cancer and infection therapeutics.

Analysis and Research of Stereo Correspondence Algorithms

Stereo matching has been the focus of computer vision research. Some current researches on stereo matching algorithms were summarized, the stereo matching key techniques were analyzed; View of the current major challenges on binocular stereo matching, elaborated matching algorithm possible solutions and modification approaches; Finally, the field of technology development are prospected.

Structural and Surface Morphological Studies of Magnesium Tin Oxide Thin Films

Transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) have been well known in the form of undoped single cation oxides such as SnO2 and In2O3. These are degenerate semiconductors which are simultaneously transparent and highly conductive, useful in many optical and electrical device developments. Starting from 1990s, however, multication TCOs began to develop. Since then new TCOs are being reported with increasing frequency as their technological interest and importance increased in various fields of technological development. In this paper, we have attempted to use magnesium tin oxide as new TCO which possess more than 80% of transmittance for a 320nm film. The precursor of magnesium tin alloy was prepared through a new way called “protective flux route” method. Magnesium tin oxide thin films were prepared by electron beam evaporation technique. The coated film was then annealed to get oxide layer and hence magnesium tin oxide thin films. Their structural analysis, optical studies, electrical properties and surface morphology were studied using XRD, UV-Vis-NIR, linear four probe resistivity and SEM, respectively.

Strategic communication and institutional links in technology research and development

The centrality of knowledge to strategies for poverty reduction is widely assumed, but gaps between its generation and use persist. In this article what is known about redressing these gaps, particularly between researchers and policy-makers, are drawn together with an emphasis on understanding the context, developing institutional links and engaging in effective communication. Three case studies about the positive and negative use of communication within the field of technology development are then considered. These cases research into agriculture in Ghana by two European universities, a publicprivatecivil society coalition on agro-processing in India, and researchers advising a government road-building scheme in India highlight not only the central importance of communication to scaling up the impact of research but also that very different strategies are required for different situations.

Fruit production and research in Hungary - An overview

Hungary is traditionally a food producer country. 63% of its total land area can be cultivated. Horticulture is one of the fundamental agricultural branches. The country has a moderate continental climate, with a mean temperature of 10 °C. The average hours of sunshine ranges 1,700 to 2,100 hours. Under the geographical condition in the Carpathian Basin the chemical composition of the fruits has a good harmony. The total fruit acreage is 97,000 ha with a crop of 800,000 to 900,000 tons yearly. In 1982 1,934,000 tons of fruit crop were produced since then it has decreased. The most important fruits are apple, European plum, sour cherry and raspberry. The percentage of apple reaches almost up to 60%. In the new plantings sour cherry, apple and black elderberry is popular. The most important fruit-producing region is situated at the North-eastern part of the country. More than 40% of Hungary's fruit production is concentrated there. In ranking the 2nd place is taken by fruit growing area in the middle of Hungary, where the production of stone fruits and small fruits has a considerable proportion.
 In the 70s and 80s of last century there was a developed research structure and wide range of research activity in Hungary. From that time the research capacity has considerably decreased first of all in the field of technological development. The main research area is fruit breeding and variety evaluation.
 Fruit scientists and fruit grower specialists are held together by the Hungarian. Society for Horticultural Sciences which has a membership in ISHS. Fruit researches and scientists having academic degree are belonged to the Horticultural Board of Hungarian Academy of Sciences.

EC research: a view of relevant BME programmes

The Third European Community Framework Program in the field of technological development and research is discussed. Several of the programs it encompasses are examined, in particular, industrial and materials technologies including biomaterials (Birte-EuEuram II), human capital and mobility, and dissemination and exploitation of knowledge (VALUE II). Activity outside of the framework program, including the European Community Program on Cooperation between Universities and Industry Regarding Training in the Field of Technology (COMETT) and the Strategic Programme for Innovation and Technological Transfer (SPRINT), is also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Mission-Oriented Research for Light Machinery

The time of intelligent machines is upon us. But the United States is not actively pursuing this rich field of technological development. This is evidenced by the U.S. trade deficit of $9 billion in this market in 1977. The synergistic approach of Japan, Germany, Russia, and other countries to research, development, and demonstration among government, academic, and industrial groups is paying big dividends in vital U.S. markets. This article outlines a specific solution in terms of a U.S. national research policy for light machinery and robotics.