Field Of Production Engineering Research Articles

PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE AREAL ROUGHNESS PARAMETERS IN 3D PRINTING OF WORKPIECES OF PLA MATERIAL

The field of production engineering is constantly expanding, as novel manufacturing procedures are being introduced and spread in the industrial environment. The creation of complex parts by the application of some kind of printing process is a relatively new method compared to the other traditional chip-removal processes. It can be applied in various fields, where the greatest advantage can be utilized, which is the lower restrictions on the geometry of finished parts. In this paper, the surfaces on 3D printed parts are being studied. The effect of the printing speed, layer height and nozzle temperature are analysed on the surface roughness of the experimental workpieces. The experimental setup plan is designed according to the full factorial design method. The results of this preliminary study are the general determination of the affecting factors on the surface roughness.

Box-Behnken modeling to optimize the engineering response and the energy expenditure in material extrusion additive manufacturing of short carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 6

The field of production engineering is constantly attempting to be distinguished for promoting sustainability, energy efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and prudent material consumption. In this study, three control parameters (3D printing settings), namely nozzle temperature, travel speed, and layer height (LH) are being investigated on polyamide 6/carbon fiber (15 wt%) tensile specimens. The aim is the optimum combination of energy efficiency and mechanical performance of the specimens. For the analysis of the results, the Box-Behnken design-of-experiment was applied along with the analysis of variance. The statistical analysis conducted based on the experimental results, indicated the importance of the LH control setting, as to affecting the mechanical strength. In particular, the best tensile strength value (σB = 83.52 MPa) came from the 0.1 mm LH. The same LH, whereas caused the highest energy consumption in 3D printing (EPC = 0.252 MJ) and printing time (PT = 2272 s). The lowest energy consumption (EPC = 0.036 MJ) and printing time (PT = 330 s) were found at 0.3 mm LH. Scanning electron microscopy was employed as a part of the manufactured specimens’ 3D printing quality evaluation, while Thermogravimetric analysis was also conducted. The modeling approach led to the formation of equations for the prediction of critical metrics related to energy consumption and the mechanical performance of composite parts built with the MEX 3D printing method. These equations proved their reliability through a confirmation run, which showed that they can safely be applied, within specific boundaries, in real-life applications.Graphical abstract

Социально-технологическая парадигма: особенности теоретической репрезентации модернизационных процессов

The article is devoted to the analysis of the specifics of the theoretical representation of modernization processes within the socio-technological paradigm. The author dwells in detail on the conceptual and methodological origins of the theories of modernization and neo-modernization, showing their unity in understanding modernization changes as processes of rationalization in the field of production technologies, production management and economics, politics and socio-cultural sphere. It is noted that in the socio-technological paradigm, socio-political modernization is represented as a process accompanying technical, technological, economic and managerial changes.

Camera-based high precision position detection for hybrid additive manufacturing with laser powder bed fusion

Additive manufacturing (AM) in general and laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M) in particular are becoming increasingly important in the field of production technologies. Especially the high achievable accuracies and the great freedom in design make PBF-LB/M interesting for the manufacturing and repair of gas turbine blades. Part repair involves building AM-geometries onto an existing component. To minimise the offset between component and AM-geometry, a precise knowledge of the position of the component in the PBF-LB/M machine is mandatory. However, components cannot be inserted into the PBF-LB/M machine with repeatable accuracy, so the actual position will differ for each part. For an offset-free build-up, the actual position of the component in the PBF-LB/M machine has to be determined. In this paper, a camera-based position detection system is developed considering PBF-LB/M constraints and system requirements. This includes finding an optimal camera position considering the spatial limitations of the PBF-LB/M machine and analysing the resulting process coordinate systems. In addition, a workflow is developed to align different coordinate systems and simultaneously correct the perspective distortion in the acquired camera images. Thus, position characteristics can be determined from images by image moments. For this purpose, different image segmentation algorithms are compared. The precision of the system developed is evaluated in tests with 2D objects. A precision of up to 30μm in translational direction and an angular precision of 0.021∘ is achieved. Finally, a 3D demonstrator was built using this proposed hybrid strategy. The offset between base component and AM-geometry is determined by 3D scanning and is 69μm.

High-Voltage Bushings and Their Production in Russia

The state of production of high-voltage bushings for rated voltages of 35 kV and higher in Russia is assessed. Attention is focused on bushings of various designs and purposes, the competitiveness of domestic production of bushings, the use of imported materials and components in them, as well as the extent to which the domestic production covers the country’s own needs in these items. The manufacture of these products around the world, its largest brands and manufacturers' specializations are specially considered. Much attention is paid to the science supporting the production of high-voltage bushings. Problems and achievements in the field of production technologies are outlined. Problems concerned with personnel training for this branch of electrical engineering, starting with vocational guidance at school, are discussed. In conclusion, information is given about the Izolyator (Insulator) Works, the flagship of the domestic production of high–voltage bushings. The article is written in the form of answers given by A.Z. Slavinsky, General Director of the Izolator Works, on the questions of P.A. Butyrin, Editor-in-Chief of the Elektrichestvo (Electrical Technology) journal.

Chemically vapor deposited oxide-based thick film scintillators

Radiation detection and imaging are used for nondestructive testing in the field of production technology, diagnosis and treatment in the medical field, and security activities at airports and nuclear facilities. To improve sensitivity and resolution in radiation detection and imaging, light scattering and self-absorption in scintillator media should be suppressed. Thick film scintillators with a thickness of several tens of micrometers have recently attracted attention; however, mechanical thinning of single crystal bulk or sintered polycrystalline transparent ceramics is costly. In this review, we discuss advantages of thick film scintillators for α-particle detection and X-ray imaging with numerical simulations and introduce a novel process that enables direct and rapid synthesis of thick film scintillators of tungsten- and lutetium-based practical oxide materials using a chemical vapor deposition method.

Hybrid semi-analytical calculation of the stress intensity factor for heterogeneous and functionally graded plates

One of the significant successes in the Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics field is the groundwork of stress intensity factor computation. By considering a linear elastic model of 2-D and 3-D finite width rectangular plates, the present work shows a new semi-analytical procedure to compute the stress intensity factor of the crack opening mode. Plates are made of homogeneous and graded heterogeneous media, characterized by different crack lengths and elastic moduli. The stress intensity factor was evaluated using the proposed procedure combined with a numerical one without the knowledge of the material properties in the crack tip to overcome the limitations related to the errors affecting the traditional solutions in the case of spatial variation of the constitutive properties within the structure. The obtained results have been compared with the well-established theoretical literature for homogeneous cases. Moreover, a mesh sensitivity analysis has been performed by varying the elements’ number along the crack length showing the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed procedure, even in the case of coarse discretization, with consistent advantage in terms of computational costs. Furthermore, by keeping the crack length constant, parametric analyses have been carried out to investigate the effects of material graded heterogeneities on the stress distribution. The limitation of this study concerns the assumption that the delamination front is supposed to be straight, and the proposed strategy cannot be implemented in the case of an arbitrarily shaped front. Finally, the application of this research is in the field of production engineering and, Without setting a priori-specific discretization of the domain near the tip, the present approach paves the way to further implementation in crack propagation procedures.

Automated geometric analysis of metallic components through picture recognition models for manufacturing technology assessments

The selection and interaction of various manufacturing technologies are key difficulties in product development and production processes. A component’s geometry is one of the most important factors to consider when choosing the best technology. This article presents a method for an automated geometry analysis of metallic components. The goal is to analyze manufacturing technology alternatives regarding their capability to create required geometries. It also aims at short computing times since the outcome of this geometric analysis supplements a part screening methodology for the selection of the most suitable manufacturing technology for each component. To achieve a successful classification, artificial intelligence (AI) approaches are trained with images of the components that are labeled with suitable manufacturing technologies. The AI models hence learn how components of different manufacturing technologies look like and which characteristics they embody. To support the classification model, object recognition models are tested to automatically extract component features such as holes, coinages, or profile compositions. After training and comparing different AI approaches, the best performers are selected and implemented to analyze unseen image data of upcoming projects. In summary, this article’s research unifies existing AI approaches for image analyses with the field of production technology and product development. It provides a general methodology for applying image classification and object detection approaches in development processes of metallic components.

Firefly algorithm for facility layout problem optimization

This paper shows the result of a research about the applications of bio-inspired algorithms in the field of production engineering in the Distrital University Francisco José de Caldas, covering the topics of industrial layout distribution in manufacturing plant layout. It is intended to seek the optimization of some problems of those fields, using artificial intelligence from the implementation of a firefly algorithm as metaheuristic planning tool and optimization of layout problem. With the goal of finding the best spatial allocation of work stations or cells. Theoretical concepts explored and results are presented.
 First, a state-of-the-art review on the subject was made, and then the possible solution algorithms were evaluated to identify the objective function to be optimized, to finally apply the firefly algorithm, and evaluate the results of performance against the Initial layout as the plant.

Scientific Production of Researchers Recipiente of CNPq Productivity Grants in the Field of Production Engineering in the 2013-2016 period

This work has the purpose of mapping the scientific production of researchers recipient of CNPq productivity grants in research (PQ) and productivity grants in technological development and innovative extension (DT), in the Production Engineering field, in the four-year period from 2013 to 2016. The information was extracted from the Lattes Platform, on which we obtained quantitative data about the individual scientific production of 190 researchers, through the software scripLattes v8.10. The data analysis was conducted through descriptive statistics, the Kolgomorov-Smirnov data normality test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and the Mann-Whitney test. The results show that 76% of the researchers compose the PQ grant category. Within the four-year period, among PQ researchers, 1B and 1A researchers had the best average of total published articles, with 19.42 and 15.75 articles per researcher, respectively. Among DT researchers, 1D and level 2 researchers had, in average, 21.5 and 12.57 published articles, respectively. PQ researchers maintain their production of scientific articles homogeneous at all Qualis levels. On the other hand, DT researchers present greater heterogeneity in their publications. It is possible to conclude that level 1 researchers do not focus on journals that present low Qualis ratings for the publication of their research. In contrast, level 2 researchers are less experienced and expect to publish in higher-level journals, but when their works are rejected, they start “betting” on journals of lesser quality.

Pembentukan Wirausaha Muda melalui Inkubator Bisnis Kewirausahaan Universitas PGRI Palangka Raya

Alumni of High Education is expected to be not only job seekers but also job creators. The role of the business world in employment is enormous, both large businesses, medium businesses, and MSMEs. The absorption of labor by SMEs is far greater than others. However, the development of MSMEs is still hampered by several obstacles, including limited knowledge in the field of production technology, limitations in reading the market, marketing technology is always simple, not thinking about strategic plans both short and long term and others. Universitas PGRI Palangka Raya tries to play a role in increasing employment through the establishment of new entrepreneurs and technology-based through Business Incubator of Universitas PGRI Palangka Raya. The novelty of the approach developed in developing this Entrepreneurial Business Incubator is the application of Human Design to detect potential and weaknesses of tenants so that a business that is suitable for the tenant can be determined. The Human Design approach will help provide direction for tenants to start their own business. The selection of tenants starts from the Entrepreneurship Seminar, which is then followed by a one-week Entrepreneurship Training Bootcamp. During the Entrepreneurship Training Bootcamp, tenants will be shown their potential and weaknesses with the Human Design approach. After the Entrepreneurship Training Bootcamp, tenants are asked to perfect their business plans and are still given Entrepreneurship Coaching. Until the end of the first-year program, eight successful independent entrepreneurs have been formed.

Analytical Review of Account Methods and Experimental Approaches to Stress-Strain State Investigation of Structurally-Anisotropic Aircraft Panels Made from Composite Materials

The different approaches were analyzed to investigate the stress-strain state problems of structurally-anisotropic panels made from composite materials. The classification of mathematical models, analytical methods of calculations, numerical methods of calculations, testing results are presented in this review. New mathematical model relations for the stress-strain state investigation of structurally-anisotropic panels made of composite materials are presented. The primary scientific novelty is the further development of the theory of thin-walled elastic ribs related to the contact problem for the skin and the rib with an improved rib model. A promising area of research is the design of composite aircraft structures in the field of production technologies. We consider the residual thermal stresses and the preliminary tension of the reinforcing fibers with respect to the panel production technology. The stress-strain state problem results in the boundary value problem when solving for the eighth order partial derivative equation in the rectangular field. A computer program package is developed in MATLAB. The computer program package has been utilized for multi-criteria optimization of the design of structurally-anisotropic aircraft composite panels. The results of testing series are presented as the verification of the proposed mathematical model.

ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНА КУЛЬТУРА В ПАРАДИГМІ ПОЛІТЕХНІЧНОЇ ОСВІТИ

The problem of technological education in general secondary education institutions is actualized in the article. Attention is focused on the opportunities of pre-core training and senior profile school for the development of a modern competent student, able to be realized in the information space. Strengthening the practical orientation of school education requires the introduction of a competent approach in technology education. Competence in the field of technological education is considered as the experience, education, erudition of the student in the field of production technologies, in various types of subject-transformation activity, his skills, readiness, knowledge and erudition, as well as the ability to identify ways and opportunities for their acquisition and operation for through consciousness and thinking. Thanks to the integration of knowledge from different fields of science and production in the process of technological education, the formation of the leading key competences: educational (graphic, technical, technological, project), cultural, health-saving, informational, social, entrepreneurial. Based on the analysis of normative documents, scientific researches of scientists-pedagogues and psychologists and their own pedagogical experience, it is concluded that continuity at all levels of study is necessary for the improvement of technological education. The organization of such approach in educational practice promotes gradual and continuous mastering of the system of technological knowledge, practical skills and technological qualities, which will provide in the future the effectiveness of vocational training. Key words: process of education, polytechnic education, technological education, key competences, teaching methodology.

Modelling complex measurement processes for measurement uncertainty determination

PurposeMeasurement uncertainty is present in all measurement processes in the field of production engineering. However, this uncertainty should be minimized to avoid erroneous decisions. Present methods to determine the measurement uncertainty are either only applicable to certain processes and do not lead to valid results in general or require a high effort in their application. To optimize the costs and benefits of the measurement uncertainty determination, a method has to be developed which is valid in general and easy to apply. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents a new technique for determining the measurement uncertainty of complex measurement processes. The approximation capability of artificial neural networks with one hidden layer is proven for continuous functions and represents the basis for a method for determining a measurement model for continuous measurement values.FindingsAs this method does not require any previous knowledge or expertise, it is easy to apply to any measurement process with a continuous output. Using the model equation for the measurement values obtained by the neural network, the measurement uncertainty can be derived using common methods, like the Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement. Moreover, a method for evaluating the model performance is presented. By comparing measured values with the output of the neural network, a range in which the model is valid can be established. Combining the evaluation process with the modelling itself, the model can be improved with no further effort.Originality/valueThe developed method simplifies the design of neural networks in general and the modelling for the determination of measurement uncertainty in particular.

Buckling Problem Statement and Approaches to Buckling Problem Investigation of Structurally-Anisotropic Aircraft Panels Made from Composite Materials

Aircraft composite structure design in the field of production technology is the outlook research trend. New mathematical model relations for the buckling investigation of structurally-anisotropic panels comprising composite materials are presented. The primary scientific novelty is the further development of the theory of thin-walled elastic ribs related to the contact problem for the skin and the rib with an improved rib model. One considers the residual thermal stresses and the preliminary tension of the reinforcing fibers with respect to panel production technology. The buckling problem results in the boundary value problem when solving for the eighth order partial derivative equation in the rectangular field. The solution is designed by a double trigonometric series and by a unitary trigonometric series. The results of testing series are presented.

Podsećanje na život i rad dr Vladimira Šolaje, redovnog profesora Mašinskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Beogradu - povodom 100 godina od njegovog rođenja (1920-2020.)

The paper was written on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the birth of Dr. Vladimir Šolaja, a full professor at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Belgrade, to remind his numerous students and associates and the wider engineering public in the field of mechanical engineering of his life and work. It contains basic data from the working biography and its most important contributions to the improvement of educational curricula and organizing of scientific research work in the field of production engineering in Serbia in the second half of the 20th century and research on the history of engineering in Serbia.

Исследования в области технологии производства и применения горюче-смазочных материалов

Исследования в области технологии производства и применения горюче-смазочных материалов

Collaborative Systems, Operation and Task of the Manufacturing Execution Systems in the 21st Century Industry

Until the first two decades of the 21st century, as part of the Enterprise Resourse Planning (ERP), the Manufacturing Execution System (MES) and related systems have undergone development in both complexity and efficiency. In the field of production technology, there are many sources of work nowadays to get a detailed picture of the solutions offered by MES. The purpose of this article is to give a comprehensive overview of the MES solutions that currently used in industry. In addition to the general structure of the systems and Holonic MES are briefly described. Special attencion is paid to various collaborative systems that complement the MES. The additional manufacturing tools for MES is also described shematically in this article.

Buckling Problems of Structurally-Anisotropic Composite Panels of Aircraft with Influence of Production Technology

The different approaches were analyzed to investigate the buckling problems of structurally-anisotropic panels made from composite materials. Aircraft composite structure design in the field of production technology is the outlook research trend. New mathematical model relations for the buckling investigation of structurally-anisotropic panels comprising composite materials are presented in this study. The primary scientific novelty of this research is the further development of the theory of thin-walled elastic ribs related to the contact problem for the skin and the rib with an improved rib model. One considers the residual thermal stresses and the preliminary tension of the reinforcing fibers with respect to panel production technology. The mathematical model relations for the pre-critical stressed state investigation of structurally-anisotropic panels made of composite materials are presented. Furthermore, the mathematical model relations for the buckling problem investigation of structurally-anisotropic panels made of composite materials are presented in view of the pre-critical stressed state. The critical force definition of the general bending form of the thin-walled system buckling and the critical force definition of the many-waved torsion buckling are of the most interest in accordance with traditional design practices. In both cases, bending is integral with the plane stress state. Thus, the buckling problem results in the boundary value problem when solving for the eighth order partial derivative equation in the rectangular field. The schematization of the panel as structurally-anisotropic has been proposed as a design model when and the critical forces of total bending form of buckling are determined. For a many-waved torsion buckling study, one should use the generalized functions set. The solution is designed by a double trigonometric series and by unitary trigonometric series. A computer program package is developed using the MATLAB operating environment. The computer program package has been utilized for multi-criteria optimization of the design of structurally-anisotropic aircraft composite panels. The influence of the structure parameters on the level of critical buckling forces for bending and for torsion modes has been analyzed. The results of testing series are presented.

A modular, holistic optimization approach for industrial appliances

The need for more flexibility and energy efficiency in production systems motivated the development of balanced manufacturing (BaMa), a novel method for holistic optimization of operation strategies in the field of production engineering. It allows quick integration into existing production plants with hardly any requirements for additional hardware. We present a real-world application scenario from a semiconductor production plant. Black-box simulation models are created from monitoring data and technical specification documents and used to derive optimal operation strategies. Furthermore, machine learning approaches are applied for data preprocessing to improve model prediction quality and therefore increase optimization potential. We evaluate the method for the presented scenario, where potential savings due to increased energy efficiency are expected to amount to 15-40%.