Field Of Phonetics Research Articles

Old grammatical nomenclatures as a source of grammatical knowledge

The subject of the analysis are terms recorded in the 17th–19th-century grammar nomenclatures. The most numerously represented ones were terms from the field of inflection (naming parts of speech and grammatical categories), there were few terms from the field of phonetics and word-formation, and terms from the field of sentence syntax had not appeared in glossaries until the 19th century. This share of terms from various branches was determined by the utilitarian nature of grammatical works: they were intended for learning Polish or foreign languages. It was assumed a priori, so to speak, that the learner already had the knowledge of the rules of Latin grammar, and the point of reference for Polish terms (or German ones, as in Dobracki’s grammar book) was the Latin terminology. The outcome of the development of grammatical knowledge is the redefinition of grammar itself and its branches, the independence of the grammatical description of modern languages from Latin grammar, as well as the codification and standardisation of grammatical terminology.

DISTINKTIVNA OBELEŽJA ROMANA JAKOBSONA U FONOLOŠKOM SISTEMU SRPSKOG JEZIKA

The paper discusses the distinctive features of Roman Jakobson (Jakobson, Hale 1952) and their application in the distinctive features matrices (DFM) in Serbian (and Serbo–Croatian) phonological studies. Distinctive features are unevenly represented – from the number of features, their order, to the way the features are ascribed to phonemes. At the end of the paper, a new phoneme matrix of the Serbian language is proposed, and the features themselves are redefined in accordance with the latest knowledge in the field of phonetics and phonology.

Reduction as the way of the language economy manifestation

The history of language economy has a long tradition. It has been addressed by various thinkers, starting with Aristotle. Systematic study of the principle of economy in language should be associated with research in the field of phonetics and, above all, with the names of such linguists as H.Sweet, P.Passy, V.Whitney, who indicated the presence of two opposite trends in the language: the tendency to facilitate pronunciation and its opposite — the tendency to redundancy.

The Effectiveness of the Comparative Study of Languages with Different Structures in the Field of Phonetics (English and Kazakh Languages)

The relevance of the study lies in the fact that today one of the problems of linguistics is the comparative study of languages. Comparative study of unrelated languages makes it possible to identify features of linguistic phenomena that are barely noticeable when studying one or another language separately. These features, along with the formation of the image of a typological structure, cover both the entire language and the study of its individual parts. The purpose of the study is to analyze the effectiveness of a comparative study of the phonetic features of the language structures of the Kazakh and English languages. To achieve the research goals, the following methods were used: functional, communicative, and comparative. The starting point of training is the explanation of the role of pronunciation in the overall process of formation and perception of speech. The article emphasizes the importance of the comparative study of languages of different structures in the field of phonetics. It is described that the sounds of the language are not pronounced separately, but are used in combination with each other within a word or between words and mutually sequentially. The results of the work determined that both in Kazakh and English, sounds in the composition of words or between them influence each other and are pronounced consonantly, and questions of sound extraction play an important role in teaching speaking skills, as well as in other types of language communication. It seems necessary to enrich the repertoire of techniques used in phonetic didactics by popularizing comparative methods. Given that knowledge of the elements of phonetics is an integral part of language learning, the practical significance lies in the fact that the study can be essential in the process of preparing a productive comparative study of the English and Kazakh languages in the context of phonetics.

KOSTIANTYNIVSKA KORMCHA AS AN IMPORTANT SOURCE FOR STUDYING THE HISTORY OF THE UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE

The article describes the emergence of a handwritten monument – Kostiantynivska Kormcha as a part the framework activity of Kostiantyniv educational center in the second half of the XVI century. The essence and origin of the term “kormcha” is clarified, its language, structural and functional features are characterized. The attention is focused on the modern facsimile edition of the ancient manuscript. Manuscript Kostiantynivska Kormcha of 1599, created in the city of Kostiantyniv (now Starokostiantyniv, Khmelnytskyi region), in the castle church school of Vasyl-Kostiantyn Ostrozky. In 2021, thanks to the enthusiasm of Ukrainian and Polish researchers, the book was digitized and published in the form of a facsimile edition. These books were of great importance not only for church life, but also for secular life. Back in the days of Kyiv state and the Galicia-Volyn principality, they regulated the legal relations of representatives of the clergy, monks and laity. Some legal concepts, principles and norms have been consolidated in the legal system of Ukraine to this day. So, in the analyzed collection of religious rules and social norms, we recorded Ukrainian vernacular features in the field of phonetics and morphology, woven into the Church Slavonic linguistic basis of the manuscript. In its lexical composition, the monument reflects the beliefs, traditions, daily life of the Ukrainian community, laws and rules both for the residents of the church school and for various representatives of society in the late Middle Ages. The return of Kostiantynivska Kormcha to scientific circulation gives us a unique opportunity to join those treasures of our culture, education, and art that our state lived by in the past. In the future, the book will be interesting for linguists, historians, theologians, and local historians.

THE CATEGORY OF MODALITY IN THE INTERPRETATION OF THE SCIENTIST K.MAMADIL

The article is based on the dissemination of scientific views on the category of modality in Kazakh linguistics. The author, differentiating the work of the scientist K. Mamadil, offers a different look at the nature of the topic termination. The article proposes to consider modal units, the most recognized morphological category, on the other side of linguistics. This is the lexical character of modal words. Here the emphasis is not only on the obligatory, predictable tone of modality, but also on the nature of their homonymization, synonymization. Secondly, the modal category is indicated as the main tool for creating an impersonal sentence type. Therefore, its syntactically character is revealed. Thirdly, it is argued that the scientific and theoretical proposals formed by the scientist K. Mamadil regarding the composition, structure and models of the modal structure of the verb can also be used in the recognition of other units of the language. This corresponds to the linguo-mathematical principles of the scientist's theme, and are recognized as the main ways of its implementation. All these designations were decided on the basis of the findings of Kazakh, Russian, German scientists. And he is responsible for the nature of the learning of contactology. In particular, such a principle affects the internal, external relationship of science, more precisely, morphosyntactic, lexico-syntactic and lingua-mathematical. In conclusion, it should be noted that the compositional-structural models proposed by K. Mamdil have priority in determining the functions of a constrained combination and a contact combination, which are already recognized as a syntactic unit. Indeed, although such scientific statements have a qualitative consistency in the field of phonetics and morphology of Kazakh linguistics, it is not possible to find the necessary conclusions from syntactic differences. Also, the homonymous and synonymous reasoning proposed by K. Mamadil opens the way to revealing the contactological nature of linguistics. It is clear that this feature underlies lexico-syntactic relations in the field of linguistics and will be an indispensable model for the main measurements of future research.

Роль и место фонетики в процессе обучения китайскому языку

In the process of learning Chinese, students often make typical mistakes that greatly affect communication and the learning process as a whole. With the analysis, it was found that at the initial stage, students have the most difficulties when mastering phonetics. This is primarily due to the difference in the phonetic systems of Chinese and Russian languages. Mistakes in the pronunciation of sounds, incorrect pronunciation of tones, pauses in a word or phrase distort the meaning of the utterance, interfere with the correct perception of information and are very difficult to correct if you do not pay attention to them in time. To avoid difficulties in communicating in Chinese, it is necessary to pay great attention to teaching phonetics, especially at the initial stage of training. A brief overview of the methodology of research in the field of phonetics is given, a number of errors identified in students and how these errors affect the communication process are given, thus confirming the important role of phonetics in teaching Chinese.

Marginalia of the Fedorovsky Parimeinik From the 13th Century: Extralinguistic and Linguistic Data

The research note discusses some marginalia in a 13th-century parimeinik from the collections of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (Tip. no. 60), which have not yet received a detailed description. The author proposes certain amendments to previous publications of the marginalia, partially reconstructs their lost fragments, interprets some extralinguistic information that gives an idea of the name and occupations of the scribe, and linguistic data in the field of phonetics, grammar, and vocabulary in their connection with the corresponding phenomena of the main text of the parimeinik. The author concludes that the marginalia reflect some phonetic innovations present in the main text; their grammatical innovations, on the other hand, are not supported by the main text, the stability of which is due to the genre. At the lexical level, some units make it possible to supply Russian historical lexicography either with an earlier dating for the first fixation of a lexeme in written sources or with a new contextual combination.

Linguists study language structure

To study linguistics is to gain a greater understanding of a fundamental part of what it means to be human. Linguistics is a scientific field and an academic discipline that has both theoretical and practical applications. Linguists study language structure at several theoretical levels that range in size from tiny units of speech sounds to the context of an entire conversation. Students of linguistics often begin with a basic understanding of each level of language, then specialize in one or more levels or in a practical application of linguistics. The smallest units of language are studied in the field of phonetics, which concerns itself with the individual sounds produced while speaking. Phonology takes a look at those small units of sound together in the context of whole utterances, and searches for patterns in sound across a language or a whole group of languages.

The Non-Native Articulatory corpus—French: An ultrasound corpus of French as an additional language

We present a new corpus of spoken French, the Non-Native Articulatory corpus (NNA)—French, which is being made available to the research community. The NNA—French is a collection of simultaneous ultrasound and audio recordings produced by French speakers from various linguistic backgrounds, including both native and nonnative speakers of the language. Each speaker read a list of 60 short sentences in French, and the acoustic signals and the mid-sagittal ultrasound images of the tongue movement (∼80 fps) were simultaneously recorded. Speakers also completed a comprehensive language background questionnaire. Each speech sample is presented with the speaker’s demographic information (gender, age, birth place), language background (native language, any additional languages spoken), and French experience and proficiency. The articulatory information from the ultrasound images allows various types of phonetic research, such as comparing French speakers from diverse background, investigating articulatory strategies used by learners of French, and examining phonological development of French learners at different proficiency levels. The NNA—French continues to grow and we expect it to be a valuable resource for researchers in the field of phonetics and second language learning, as well as for French language instructors.

Pogranicze językowe i kulturowe w nieoficjalnym nazewnictwie powiatu jarosławskiego w województwie podkarpackim

The purpose of the article is to present the linguistic and cultural borderland in unofficial anthroponyms and microtoponyms from the district of Jarosław, whose eastern border largely coincides with the border of Poland and Ukraine. Borderland means the sphere of contact and coexistence of various phenomena on the border of geographical neighborhood, but also on the level of language and cultural properties as well as the linguistic and civilizational awareness of the inhabitants of a given area. The analyzed names are characterized by East Slavic and South-East borderlands’ influences, visible mainly in the field of phonetics and word formation, making these names broadly understood linguistic hybrids, i.e. linguistic forms combining phonetic and morphological elements of different languages. The best persistent East Slavic linguistic features in both unofficial anthroponyms and microtoponyms are phonetic properties in the form of g and h pleophony and substitutions, and hybrid derivatives. The constant presence of Ukrainian and South-East borderlands’ lexis and words semantically related to East Slavic cultural and religious realities also deserves attention. All this testifies to the ethnic, social and cultural roots of people living in this borderland.

Response from the editor to "toward open data policies in phonetics: what we can gain and how we can avoid pitfalls"

It is a great pleasure to welcome this letter by eleven prominent researchers of the field of phonetics who open a very important discussion that touches a crucial aspect of open science: open data. The main point presented by this letter is that "journals publishing original research articles about phonetics decide that archiving of primary data is now a prerequisite for submissions" by understanding that availability of data is a point related to "the same activity that results in the publication of research papers".

Variability and Difficulty in Translating Interjections (based on Russian and Kabardino-Circassian Languages)

The results of a comparative analysis of translated Russian texts of literary works with their original in the Kabardino-Circassian language are presented. Special attention is paid to the problems of translating interjections from one language into another. It is proved that the translator must have knowledge of the grammatical structure of the translated material and take into account the slightest semantic shades of words. Our observations revealed the features of borrowing interjections from the Russian language into Kabardian speech, which, assimilating, become part of linguistic culture. The novelty of the work is seen in the fact that in Kabardino-Circassian linguistics there are no scientific works devoted to the problems of translation of interjections. All available publications concerning this subject are literary. The relevance of the work is due to the need to improve the system of approaches to the translation of interjection units, since they are not taken into account by translators in due measure. A phonetic-morphological classification of methods for translating interjections is proposed in the article. It is proved that for an adequate and accessible translation of interjections as such, knowledge from the fields of phonetics, morphology, and semantics is most important.

Właściwości fonetyczne i fleksyjne języka familijnego Joachima Lelewela (na podstawie listów do najbliższych)

The subject of the article are phonetic and inflexive properties of the family language of Joachim Lelewel. The analysis combines the sociolinguistic perspective with the historical and linguistic perspective. Substantial basis consists in two volumes of correspondence written in many places visited by the historian at different stages of his life to his parents and siblings. The analysis was conducted in a two fold manner — the excerpted phenomena were referenced back to the resources of the general Polish language system contemporary to the writer and to the north-borderland dialect and to the masovian dialect. The basic distinction of Lelewel’s family language in field of phonetics and inflection is its variants and presence of archaic and regional elements.

МІКРОПРОМЕНЕВЕ РЕНТГЕНОГРАФУВАННЯ ЯК ОДИН ІЗ НАЙСУЧАСНІШИХ ПРИЙОМІВ АРТИКУЛЯЦІЙНИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ

The article substantiates the necessity of phonetic, in particular articulation, researches. The role of articulatory research in the study of the nature of sound units and their significance for linguistics and practical use are determined. The preconditions for studying the sound system of the language with the help of experimental techniques are specified. The history of occurrence and development of experi- mental phonetic researches in Ukraine and in the world is analyzed. The main methods of articulation research, including types of X-ray examination as one of the most important articulatory techniques, are considered. There are brought to the light the history and procedure of film-roentgenography with its implementation in Ukrainian linguistics. A number of tasks performed by experimental phonetics, as well as the possibility of applying its results in different fields of knowledge are outlined. The article is focused on X-ray microbeam – one of the most contemporary types of X-ray re- search, which was created by the Japanese scientist Osama Fujimura in the second half of the last century. The history of creating the device for such studies is traced, the procedure of collecting articu- lation information (preparation for recording, the placement of tracking beads, type of the articulated material and tasks set forth) is described. The main advantages of X-ray microbeam in comparison with other methods are determined: it gives information about all the sounds of human speech, does not distort the pronunciation, causes minimal harm to health, allows studying large masses of information quickly and automatically. At the and, the conclusion about the feasibility of usage X-ray microbeam in experimental phonet- ics is made. It is confired the significance of such a method, which lies in the interdisciplinary type of research, the generation of new knowledge in the field of phonetics and the addition of existing infor- mation with the help of the latest technologies.

Structural phonemes in the Linguistic research in Previously and Currently

Linguistic sounds are studied by two branches: phonetics and phonology. The orientalists have studied Arabic phonemes and their phonetic variance like slanting or intensification in the field of phonetics because they are pronunciational changes that do not alter the meaning of the word in Arabic.
 Most orientalists see the historical transformations of sounds (unconditional) are from phonetics whereas other orientalists, while others view it as being part of phonology. The orientalists paid great attention to the study of the structural changes of sounds (conditional) like assimilation, and substitution and other phenomena which are subjected to the phonetic laws that enter in phonology.

Alongamento em fronteira de frase entoacional no Português do Brasil

Este artigo investiga o fenômeno do alongamento pré-fronteira em dados do Português Brasileiro. Para tanto, apresenta um experimento de produção delineado para verificar a ocorrência do fenômeno a partir de sentenças em contraste, caracterizadas pela mesma cadeia segmental, mas por fraseamentos prosódicos diferentes. A fronteira de frase entoacional foi eleita para o presente estudo, uma vez que se trata de uma fronteira mais robusta no interior da hierarquia prosódica e, por consequência, porque apresenta a tendência de carregar mais pistas fonéticas para sua demarcação. Não obstante, a referida fronteira foi também selecionada pela sua relevância no fraseamento prosódico e por seu consequente papel de importância no processamento da fala. Como principal resultado, o estudo apresenta amparo estatístico que permite afirmar a ocorrência do alongamento pré-fronteira nos dados analisados, resultado que é contrastado com achados anteriores para o Português. Com os resultados apresentados, o presente artigo propõe uma breve discussão sobre o papel desempenhado pelo método na análise de dados linguísticos, especialmente na área de fonética e fonologia.

Consonantal timing in Eastern Armenian

Eastern Armenian is an under-documented language, particularly in the field of phonetics. The language treats onset and coda consonant clusters asymmetrically, breaking up onset clusters with a vowel, but not coda clusters. This study focuses on consonantal timing in word-initial and word-final consonant sequences in Armenian. Five speakers were recorded reading 50 pairs of words with representative consonant clusters and equivalent words without clusters. Results indicate that singleton consonants behave differently than complex consonants depending on their location within a word. Namely, the vowel-adjacent consonant in a complex coda is longer in duration than an equivalent singleton consonant, whereas in onsets the duration of consonants is stable regardless of whether or not there is a preceding consonant. This corresponds to a greater degree of overlap in codas than in onsets. This asymmetrical treatment is motivated by the need to preserve phonetic cues for distinguishing consonants. The 30-consonant inventory is greatly limited by neutralizations in coda position, but all consonantal contrasts are maintained in onset clusters. Since there are more consonants to be distinguished in onset position, stronger cues are required to identify them and so less overlap is tolerated.

IMPLEMENTATION OF MODEL BASED LEARNING THROUGH MULTIMEDIA CONTENT IN WHICH APPLY TO GIVE AND RECIEVE CONTRASTIVITY VERB IN JAPANESE AND INDONESIAN

Contrastive is a study that is focused on the field of phonetics, vocabulary, grammar, etc. between two or more languages with linguistic that differentiates various activities to gain clarity on the part of the symmetric and asymmetric. In the Japanese language, the verb “memberi” and “menerima”are part of Jujudoshi verbs, which consist of 5 words to “memberi” and 2 words to menerima” whose use has tiers or in polite form (Keigo), while in Indonesian, they are only represented by “memberi” and “menerima” that have no level or in the polite form. In the Japanese, the process of “memberi” and “menerima” take the position/status of subject and object, but in Japanese, there is no level the level or in other words they do rot depend on the position or status of the subject and the cbject . The “memberi” and “menerima” words in Japanese have been already formed, whereas in Indonesian language, they are derived by adding suffixes. In terms of function, “memberi” and “menerima” in Japanese and Indonesian languages have similarities, which discloses a process of giving and taking subject and object, which subject always get benefit from the process. In terms of the meaning, “memberi” and “menerima’ are represent semantic actions, and circumstances.

Some remarks about the phonetic structure of TaMun language at Tay Ninh province

Currently, the name ethnic of Ta Mun are concerned by the scientists after the public opinion shows that it is should not classifying Ta Mun people as Stieng or Chrau people as before, because the Ta Mun language and culture are different from the Stieng and Chrau ones. The Ta Mun people are fully aware of and always assert their own ethnic as Ta Mun. They repeatedly suggest adding this name to the list of ethnic minorities in Vietnam. This article is the result of the linguistic fieldwork, was held in late May 3, 2013, in some rural districts of Tay Ninh province. This is one of the two groups of Ta Mun in Vietnam (the other is in Binh Phuoc province). This preliminary study aims to provide the further phonetic corpora of Ta Mun, as well as comparison of Ta Mun and South Bahnaric languages in the field of phonetics.