Field Of Natural Sciences Research Articles

STEM EDUCATION IN THE CONTEXT OF FUTURE PEDAGOGICAL STAFF TRAINING

STEM education is one of the important directions of educational reform of the XXI century. The article focuses on modern initiatives that are made in the field of STEM learning and require the development of a model of education reform that responds modern needs of society. It is noted that the proposed educational scenario confirms the hypothesis underlying this study, namely, the need to reform the existing model of educational staff training in the direction from classical education to innovative STEM education. It is substantiated that the issues of STEM education are not only issues and problems in the field of natural and mathematical sciences, engineering, advanced technologies, but also, first of all, educational policy, methodology, management and organization of activities. It is confirmed that STEM education is best implemented through a combination of its different levels: formal, non-formal, informal. The article proposes mechanisms of reforming pedagogical education for the introduction of STEM education at the Pedagogical University with aim of the training of educators of the new formation and the main components of this model. The model of pedagogical staff training includes: creation of scientific and research STEM centre, educational policy (conceptual and methodological developments of education reform model in STEM direction), increase of communication intensity on STEM education topic, promotion of STEM education ideas among the general public, increase of educators’ qualifications and practitioners involved in education. A study was conducted to test this model in practice during 2016-2020. STEM-education in Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University (TNPU) was implemented taking into account the updating of the content of educational and professional programs in accordance with the requirements of the labour market, personal approach, formation of competencies and skills in the field of advanced technologies. It is established that the main indicators of the results of STEM education implementation at the university are: active participation of pupils, students, teachers in various forms of STEM training in the STEM centre of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of TNPU, growing interest in STEM projects and STEM practices with help of excursions, competitions, festivals, science picnics.

Le Paléolithique supérieur dans l’île d’Hokkaïdo

Since the discovery of the first Paleolithic site in Hokkaido, we consider that the time in the half more than centuries already passed, and float today. However, our research is still a way. By today, we have not discovered the trace about a Pithecantropines (Homo erectus) and a Paleanthropic man (Homo sapiens neanderthalensis) at all in this region. We know that a Neanthropic man (Homo sapiens sapiens) dominated all the continents except Antarctica in the final time of the Pleistocene era. And they passed along the dried shoal which appeared to the north in the same time from the Asian Continent to the Island of Hokkaido, and reached it to this place. The first attainment time is an age which exceeds 20,000-years before a little from the present. We are not checking a fact which exceeds it you to be much. However, the habitants of these beginnings left the trace of the activity of them in large numbers, so that he was wonderful to inside of this island. The studies-of-prehistory research in Hokkaido has little proof of the natural science field concerned on age determination or chronology. This has serious restriction. However, the tephra-chronology of volcanic ashes has played the big role uniquely. The eruption of the Eniwa volcano of the Hokkaido central part is especially a very important index. This volcano blows off ash fall (En-a) in large quantities, and covered all large ranges. This deposited volcanic-ashes layer plays a big role to discernment of an old industry and a recent industry on the cultural chronology. The obsidian from this island and nearby hard shale was used for many industries of this Upper Paleolithic cultures as main materials. Although obsidians in the island where the different four outcrops are known well. This rock was mined in large quantities, and was carried in various places. As well as many examples in the world, we divided this rock, and the human beings of the prehistoric age were demanded for it, and it was often utilized. In it, especially the outcrop of Shirataki was located in the northern part of Hokkaido, and was very important. Large quantities of obsidian from Shirataki outcrop is discovered in a large number of Paleolithic sites within a segment 700km in diameter at least. It covered the territory in Hokkaido and circulated further also except this island. This fact circulated as important trade materials on stone-tool fabrication among the human-beings groups from whom this island's every place differed. In this time, human beings’ activity in Hokkaido is a clear proof, which was not isolated at all. As for the studies of the prehistorians of Hokkaido distinguish, the exception put the technical process of eight different microblade productions. The technical process of some of them was limited only to the specific narrow area. Or it is proved that other technical processes are widely connected with the human-beings group of the Asian Continent on the contrary. At present, our research grasps the whole second-half Paleolithic culture, and has not yet established the year system edited by locally complete. The oldest industry of this area composed the typical stone tool of second-half Paleolithic culture from the beginning, and was accompanied by the manufacturing technique of a braid and microblade. The feature is the example in which the ruins of Kashiwadai-I were most excellent. These ruins correspond at time older than deposition of the Eniwa volcano tephra. It is located at the chill time in the second half of a Würm glacial period. The second continuing step is an industry of succession newer than this volcano tephra. It is raised as an example with Ôsatsu-16 typical ruins etc. The third phase is an industry of the end term of second-half Paleolithic culture. It is simultaneously located in the dawn of Jōmon culture. The feature of this cultural aspect is a transitional cultural stage which earthenware appears and is called what is called “Sub-Neolithic-Culture”. We can check having passed expansively, while the aspect of this last continues within a short period of time relatively.

Agricultural Researchers' Perception for Using Social Media in Extension Work at some Egyptian Governorates

This research aimed to identify Agricultural Researchers' Perception for Using Social Media in Extension Work at some Egyptian Governorates. Four governorates were selected: Alexandria, Kafr El-Sheikh, Beheira and Gharbia, The number of researchers in the field of agricultural extension and rural development, whether in a research station or a college of agriculture, was limited to 112 researchers. And using the Krijcei and Morgan equation, a simple random sample of 86 respondents was chosen, proportionally distributed over the selected governorates. Also a sample of 36 respondents was taken from researchers in field of the agricultural natural sciences. The frequencies, percentage, mean, and weighted average was used to analyze and present the research data. The most important results were: That 32.7% of the respondents do not use social media in extension work, while 33% of them use it to a low and medium degree, and the most important of these means are Facebook and Whatsapp. That 68% of them using social media were moderately and highly satisfied with the use of these means in the extension work. From their vision points was: creating websites for agricultural institutions on social media, conducting training courses for workers on use the means in extension work, updating the extension recommendations submitted periodically.

ПЁТР СИМОН ПАЛЛАС - СТРАНСТВУЮЩИЙ НАТУРАЛИСТ В КРЫМУ

Peter Simon Pallas was an outstanding scientist and encyclopedist of the eighteenth century, and one of the most prominent naturalists to work in Russia. His research gained worldwide recognition in his own lifetime. Pallas was also a pioneer in various fields of natural science. His travel notes and descriptions of natural objects are distinguished by novelty and originality of thought, and their significance for the emerging natural science of his time can hardly be overestimated. This applies also to his works devoted to his travels in the Crimea: in many respects, they have not lost their significance to this day. According to the works of Russian scientists V.F. Zueva and K.I. Gablitsa, Pallas initiated a comprehensive natural-scientific, historical and ethnographic study of the Crimean Peninsula. Pallas’s notes strove to describe - with objectivity, thoroughness and precision - the geology of the peninsula, the diversity of its flora and fauna, its history, ethnography, administrative structures, and many other pertinent aspects of the place. This article discusses a small part of his research limited to the geological structure of the peninsula.

Interactomics and personalized pharmacotherapy – present and looking to the future

The review highlights the advances in natural science that form the basis of the concept of personalized and precision medicine (PPM). The provisions of PPM (prediction, prevention, personalization) have been disclosed and modern molecular genetic tools have been shown, which are used in leading scientific and practical biomedical centers to improve the quality of treatment of patients with multifactorial diseases (MFD). The main principles of molecular genetic biomarking of MFDs, as well as gene technologies (CRISPR, non-coding RNA, etc.) used in medical practice and at the stage of clinical trials were highlighted. Particular attention has been paid to molecular genetic methods of targeted therapy for cancer, including antitumor vaccines. Scientific developments in the field of prediction and preventive treatment of MFD have been considered - precision healing technologies of tomorrow. The main provisions of interactomics as an interdisciplinary field of natural science have been highlighted, as well as the applied aspects of this section of fundamental science for the development of diagnostic and treatment-and-prophylactic technologies of a new generation.

METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF INQUIRY-BASED LEARNING IN NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION

Previous research of inquiry-based learning in natural science education indicates that there are different methodological trends and paradigms in the study of these issues. The aim of this research has been to analyze the selected relevant studies on inquiry-based learning in natural science education in order to assess their scope and limitations in the light of educational changes and reform initiatives. Directions of analysis of the relevant studies include considerations of the following: 1) Theoretical starting points and specific conceptual solutions, 2) Methodological design (research questions / problems, methods, techniques, and procedures), as well as 3) (Re)interpretation of the most significant findings. It could be stated that studies on inquiry-based learning in the field of natural sciences are rather insufficient, very diverse and heterogeneous, differing from each other both in terms of theory and conceptual solutions, research problems, methodological design, and implications for educational work. Even though experiments are very common in natural sciences, it has been found that triangulation is often used as a combination of qualitative and quantitative paradigms. The common thread that connects the selected studies in this field is the recognition of importance of inquiry-based learning as a very promising model of active teaching the natural sciences. It could be concluded that such studies require an interdisciplinary approach to the subject of study, both in empirical and theoretical field, providing better understanding of the future research directions of this phenomenon. Keywords: inquiry-based learning, innovative approach, methodological design, natural science education, research paradigms

Rhetorical Pattern of Argumentation in the Research Article: A Corpus Approach

Academic writing is an argumentative entity carefully crafted to project specific desired knowledge claims. Writers engage in the use of particular rhetorical structure devices to advance arguments and negotiate knowledge in order to persuade and convince an academic audience. This corpus based study examined the rhetorical schemeta (e.g. definition, evaluation, centrality claim) often deployed by Nigerian academics in the cross disciplinary fields of language arts and natural science to advance arguments in research articles. The study aimed at identifying how academic writers project knowledge claims in the research article. Three key objectives underlying this study were to identify elements used in staking claims, determine the patterns such elements follow and their communicative functions. The data for the study were 20 comparable research articles derived from two academic sub-corpora (10 academic writing humanities and 10 academic writing natural sciences) of the International Corpus of English Nigeria (ICE). Analysis of the data was done using AntMover software analyser. The study revealed, for instance, that the academics frequently used specific types of rhetorical devices that varied in their schemes more than some other types. The study has implications for academic writing and reader comprehensibility.

Philosophical and psychological views of V.M. Bekhterev (1857-1957)

The outstanding scientist V.M. Bekhterev is known as a pioneer in a number of fields of natural science and medicine - neurology and psychiatry, physiology, biology, psychology and pedagogy.

Multilingual Content in Teaching the Kazakh Language Courses

According to the second state program on the development and functioning of languages until 2020, Kazakhstan concentrates on consolidating the Kazakh language as the state language, where Russian, English or others are foreign languages. New educational programs of the country assume a step-by-step implementation of communicative language skills. Students receive a possibility of relaying certain knowledge in the field of natural, human and technical sciences. The mission of Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University as the educational center of transforming the results of advanced research in the field of pedagogy, teaching methods are implemented to prepare teachers in order to support multilingual content approaches in education. It is expected that in high schools four natural subjects like chemistry, biology, computer science, and physics will be taught in English, Kazakh, and Russian, while history, language, literature and other art sciences will be the subjects of the Kazakh or Russian languages. The school programs with general educational standards are aimed at creating a base of modernly demanded and replenished knowledge. It explains the creation of the International Nazarbayev University which is unique in Kazakhstan. High admission requirements characterize selection quality, and targets in mastering foreign languages. Keywords: multi-academic content, multilingualism, cross-cultural expertises, educational methods and strategies, educational approaches

Internationalization of Education: La Peau de Сhagrin of the Russian Language

The article examines the processes of internationalization, provides information on the number of foreign students in various countries and in Russia, discusses the arguments for choosing the country for study by international students, including socio-cultural and linguistic preferences. The authors address the issues relating to the status of the Russian language in countries of the Central Asia region – the former republics of the Soviet Union. The article provides an information on the expansion of Western and Eastern countries into the educational system of these countries. The conclusion is made about the need for Russian universities to more actively enter the international market of educational services, especially in those areas where the Russian Federation has undeniable achievements (natural science fields of training, etc.).

An 8768-year Yamal Tree-ring Chronology as a Tool for Paleoecological Reconstructions

Abstract—In recent years, the supra-long Yamal tree-ring chronology has been significantly extended and became much more reliable. This article characterizes the sample wood used to build the longest absolutely dated Siberian Larch tree-ring chronology of the Subarctic area, i.e. from 6748 BC to 2019 AD, for a total continuous period of 8768 years. The ecological value of the temporal and spatial distribution of the dated trees are presented, and their potential use for application in various field of natural sciences and humanities are discussed.

GIScience and remote sensing in natural resource and environmental research: Status quo and future perspectives

Geographic information science (GIScience) and remote sensing have long provided essential data and methodological support for natural resource challenges and environmental problems research. With increasing advances in information technology, natural resource and environmental science research faces the dual challenges of data and computational intensiveness. Therefore, the role of remote sensing and GIScience in the fields of natural resources and environmental science in this new information era is a key concern of researchers. This study clarifies the definition and frameworks of these two disciplines and discusses their role in natural resource and environmental research. GIScience is the discipline that studies the abstract and formal expressions of the basic concepts and laws of geography, and its research framework mainly consists of geo-modeling, geo-analysis, and geo-computation. Remote sensing is a comprehensive technology that deals with the mechanisms of human effects on the natural ecological environment system by observing the earth surface system. Its main areas include sensors and platforms, information processing and interpretation, and natural resource and environmental applications. GIScience and remote sensing provide data and methodological support for resource and environmental science research. They play essential roles in promoting the development of resource and environmental science and other related technologies. This paper provides forecasts of ten future directions for GIScience and eight future directions for remote sensing, which aim to solve issues related to natural resources and the environment.

One common enemy, a pandemic, uniting interdisciplinary teams

One common enemy, a pandemic, uniting interdisciplinary teams

Interfacial adsorption of nanoparticles of maltodextrin for enhanced protection of metal surface

In recent years, application of nanoparticles in various fields of physical science and natural science receiving tremendous attention from researchers. Nanoparticles can offer significant advantages in terms of high stability, enhanced mechanical properties, and high surface area to volume ratio. This work attempts to explore these noble characteristic properties of nanoparticles for preservation for materials of engineering applications. Nanoparticles of maltodextrin (MLD-Np) were prepared by microwave-mediated nanoprecipitation technique. Characterization was done by spectral, zeta potential measurement, X-ray studies, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis. In the second part, these nanoparticles were tested for their surface protection ability due to interfacial adsorption. Corrosion inhibition study measurements were done by electrochemical methods, and interfacial adsorption of inhibitor was established by studying surface morphology. The efficacy of these nanoparticles was 93% for the addition of 50 ppm of it. In the last part of this work, an attempt is made to compare the inhibiting ability of various reported chemical inhibitors for acid corrosion of zinc with synthesized nanoparticles. Nanoparticles of maltodextrin emerged as an appreciably good green corrosion inhibitor with environmental and economic benefits.

A Bibliometric Analysis and Visualization of Fractional Order Research in China over Two Decades (2001–2020)

Fractional order research has interdisciplinary characteristics and has been widely used in the field of natural sciences. Therefore, fractional order research has become an important area of concern for scholars. This paper used 2854 literatures collected from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database from 2001 to 2020 as the data source and used bibliometrics and two visualization methods to conduct bibliometric analysis and visualization research on China’s fractional order research. To begin with, this paper analyzed the time series distribution of publications, the distribution of research institutions, the author cooccurrence network, the distribution of important journals, and the distribution of important literature, which explained the research status of the fractional order. Furthermore, this paper used VOSviewer software to analyze the clustering and density distribution of the fractional order research keywords, which revealed the hotspots of the fractional order research. Finally, with the help of CiteSpace software, the burst keywords were analyzed to further explore the frontiers of fractional order research. This paper systematically reveals the research status, research hotspots, and research frontiers of China’s fractional order research, which can provide certain theoretical and practical references for related follow-up researchers.

AVAILABILITY OF BIBLIOGRAPHIC MANUALS ON NATURAL SCIENCES IN THE PROCESS OF STUDYING NORTH ASIA IN THE XVIII-EARLY XX CENTURIES

The article considers the bibliographic equipment of scientific research of the pre-revolutionary period in the field of natural sciences in Siberia and the Far East.

A Study on the Theory of Ethical Literary Criticism

A Study on the Theory of Ethical Literary Criticism

Motor Control: Creating a Natural Science of Biological Movement

Motor control is a young and aspiring field of natural science. Over the past 40 years, it has become an established field of study with several important theoretical developments, including the equilibrium-point hypothesis and its more recent version known as the control with referent spatial coordinates, the principle of abundance, the uncontrolled manifold hypothesis, and the concept of dynamic neural field as the means of task formulation. Important experimental advances have included the exploration of the notion of synergies, the links between descending signals from the brain and referent coordinates of the effectors, and applications of motor control principles to analysis of disordered movements. Further maturation of motor control requires focusing on theory-driven studies. It promises fruitful applications to applied fields such as movement disorders and rehabilitation.

Assessing emerging trends of expansion and women enrolments in the higher education system in Mozambique

We assessed the higher education (HE) record data including mission and vision statements from 2000 to 2015 to discuss emerging trends of expansion and women enrolments in Mozambique. Theoretical literature survey, Government decrees, laws, and strategic plans of higher education (SPHE) system between 2000–2010 and 2012–2020 supported the discussion. The SPHE impact on the HE expansion was tested using t-test, different variances, by comparing women's and men's enrolments, news admissions, and graduations in public and private institutions. Results obtained in public institutions in the field of social sciences, humanities, and services (SSHS) registered growth from 6383–83,571 enrolments, 1246–20,570 new admissions, and 419–6723 graduations. In the field of Natural sciences, engineering, agriculture, and health (NSEAH) registered growth from 4850–32,466 enrolments, 300–6396 new admissions, and 259–2027 graduations. In private institutions, the SSHS registered growth from 4852–50,139 enrolments, 1696–22,308 new admissions, and 672–5088 graduations. In NSEAH registered growth from 1138–8626 enrolments, 384–3904 new admissions, and 59–674 graduations. This expansion was accompanied by most six referenced mission and vision keywords including development, science, train, technology, research, and education. The statistical analysis indicated differences between men and women participation in the HE, rejecting the possibility of equity in the assessment during the expansion process. The expansion through the SPHE implementation suggests asymmetric opportunities in training in both private and public institutions theoretically supported by isomorphism. Although the data record refers to a study in Mozambique, it is interesting for a wider and international audience to think about equal opportunities in training and, especially, regarding women.

VIRAL DELIVERY USING SCAFFOLDS

In experimental oncology there are multiple approaches have been developed to target tumor cells. Many of them are based on scaffolds, a 3D models that mimics the structure of tissue in normal and pathophysiological state. It is known that to deliver a viral load to target cells, cells-carriers undergo limited differentiation, and premature aging. Since viral agents require cells to be in specific proliferative state, the delivery of the virus to the target cell is the main goal of the functional framework such as scaffold. Over decade, multiple studies demonstrate the production of scaffolds using matrigel, polyalacinic acid, poly-lactide-co-glycolide, vinyl stilbens, or bioactive polymers. Our review will describe the potential benefits of delivering the viral vector using 3D scaffolds for virus-mediated expression of biologically active substances that prevent angiogenesis, neoplasm proliferation, or, conversely, stimulate wound healing. 3D materials such as hydrogels and scaffolds are among the key innovations in the field of material chemistry. Moreover, viral vectors provide specific delivery of genes to target cells. However, the immunogenicity of a viral capsid consisting of viral proteins hinders the clinical use of such vectors widely. These limitations can be surmounted by using scaffolds. Therefore, our review might interest researchers working in the fields of chemistry, materials science and natural sciences, as well as in the field of bioengineering and medical technologies.