Field Of Internal Audit Research Articles

Strategic audit and its role in the performance of non-profit units

The research aims to demonstrate the importance of strategic auditing in economic units as it is considered one of the tools used to increase confirmation of the information provided by the administration in how it exploits the resources available to the economic unit، which leads to reducing risks and increasing opportunities for management to benefit from the resources available to it. One of the important reasons that necessitated choosing this title is to spread the culture of strategic auditing among the control and internal audit departments in the economic units، as well as benefiting from the development occurring in the field of internal auditing in the economic units in the rest of the institutions operating in developed countries. The descriptive and analytical system was adopted، and the statistical methods that were used in the analysis depended on the Cronbachalpa equation to measure the extent of consistency in performance to measure and ensure the internal consistency of the questions included in the questionnaire form، the use of descriptive statistics، and the use of independent sample tests. T-Test). Using a simple linear regression model to measure the effect of hypotheses. The research reached a set of conclusions and recommendations، and one of the most important of these conclusions was that strategic audit is considered a type of audit based on examining and evaluating strategic performance to ensure that operations are conducted according to sound principles to ensure planned results. Likewise، strategic audit represents a comprehensive system for various strategic levels ( Pre-or preventive audit، simultaneous audit - inspection - and post-audit - feedback -). The most important recommendations recommended by the research are to intensify training courses for the auditor in order to increase experience، as well as greater attention to the aspect of strategic auditing because of its great importance in determining the course of the economic unit.

Bibliometric Analysis of Academic Studies in the Field of Internal Audit and Determination of Factors Affecting their Citations

Internal audit activities are vital for the continuity of businesses. This situation is carefully followed by the researchers. Therefore, researchers carry out academic studies on the effectiveness, efficiency, etc. of internal audit. This study is carried out in order to make a bibliometric analysis of academic studies in the field of internal audit and to determine the factors that affect the probability of being cited. In the research, 226 articles published on the Dergipark platform in the period of 2013-2022 are included and the citations to the studies are obtained from Google Scholar. In the evaluation of the data, bibliometric analysis and logistic regression analysis methods are used. As a result of the bibliometric analysis, the most studies are carried out in 2019 with 37 articles. 226 studies published in the 2013-2022 period received 1,350 citations in total. 92% of the studies are published in Turkish and 8% in English. It is determined that studies with 3 authors received more citations. When the citations from the published studies are examined, it is determined that the other category is in the first place in terms of total and international citations, and the full professor category is in the first place in terms of national citations. The keywords of 216 (95.6%) of 226 articles within the scope of our study include the phrase "internal audit". In the logistic regression analysis of the citation probabilities of the articles included in the review, it is found that there is a positive and significant relationship between the age of the article, presence of the phrase "internal audit" among its keywords, at least one of the authors being a full professor, the number of downloads from the Dergipark platform and the probability of being cited. On the other hand, it is determined that the language, type, number of authors, number of pages, number of keywords, inclusion of the phrase "internal audit" in the title of the article, indexing of the journal in which it was published in the TR Dizin and the number of references do not affect the citation potential.

INTERNA REVIZIJA U PANDEMIJSKOJ KRIZI

Prior to the pandemic itself, regulators around the world emphasized the importance of internal audit, but since COVID-19, it has become a matter of orderliness and quality of the organization's functioning, not just a compliance check box. Until then, it was believed that in that area one gives one's maximum and that it fulfills all the needs of the given organization. The economic crisis caused by the pandemic brought new challenges in the field of internal audit. It incentivised many experts in the field of internal audit, as well as prominent economic experts, to adapt internal audit to the conditions of reduced scope of direct contact. The need for a high-quality implementation of a reliable internal review system has become a primary need. The pandemic has played an important role in changing the way audit professionals and given risks have assumed their responsibilities and created a new blueprint for how internal audit work will function in the future.

Artificial intelligence technologies: Prospects for use in the company’s internal audit

Subject. This article studies the trends in the development of artificial intelligence technologies in the field of internal audit. Objectives. The article aims to highlight the main trends in the development of artificial intelligence technologies in the field of internal audit, substantiating the prospects for the application of such technologies in the context of the development of a new concept of internal audit. Methods. For the study, we used analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, systems approach, and the computational and graphic, and accounting and analytical methods. Results. The article reveals the prerequisites for the discrepancy between business expectations aimed at obtaining advisory support in making management decisions and the existing paradigm of internal audit, focused on testing the internal control and risk management system. The analysis of the existing machine learning methods in the context of its potential applicability in the internal auditor’s work helped identify key areas for using machine learning to improve the efficiency of performing audit procedures. Conclusions and Relevance. Machine learning as a field of knowledge of the theory of artificial intelligence can help automate the routine processes of internal audit and orient this function in the field of information and consulting support for business, contributing to its shifting away from control and audit activities. The use of individual elements of artificial intelligence technology contributes to improving the efficiency of internal audit. The results of the study can be used both for practical application by internal audit services, and for the development of the theory and practice of this field of knowledge.

Implementacija interne revizije prema Direktivi o solventnosti II u nacionalna zakonodavstva Republike Srbije i BiH

Europska Unija je kao potrebu za boljim uređenjem i većom finansijskom stabilnošću u industriji osiguranja uvela Direktivu o solventnosti II, čija je primjena počela od 1. januara 2016. godine. Zemlje za koje provedba ove Direktive nije obavezujuća, jer nisu članice Europske Unije, zalažu se za usklađivanje nacionalnih propisa i zakona koji regulišu nadzor i upravljanje osiguranja u skladu sa njenim odredbama. Ova direktiva donijela je velike promjene u finansijskom, organizacionom i pravnom aspektu. Ona propisuje nadzor temeljen na riziku, jasno definiše načela na kojima trebaju raditi i djelovati osiguravajuća društva: adekvatnost kapitala, tehničkih rezervi, margine rizika, te izvještavanje. Uključuje četiri ključne funkcije: upravljanje rizicima, usklađenost, internu reviziju i aktuarstvo. Nosioci ključnih funkcija su u novom pravnom okviru podvrgnuti strogim propisima u pogledu stručnih kvalifikacija i lične pouzdanosti. Interna revizija je propisana kao jedna od četiri ključne funkcije. Direktiva o solventnosti II ističe u prvi plan nezavisnu prirodu interne revizije. Ključna funkcija interne revizije mora biti objektivna i nezavisna od drugih operativnih djelatnosti, pa tako ima specifičnu ulogu u sistemu upravljanja društva. Funkcija interne revizije uključuje vrednovanje primjerenosti i učinkovitosti sistema interne kontrole i drugih elemenata sistema upravljanja. Nezavisnost interne revizije od operativnih funkcija osigurava se tako što društvo u svojim internim aktima propisuje da interna revizija direktno izvještava upravu o svim saznanjima i preporukama interne revizije. U radu su istražena nacionalna zakonodavstva iz oblasti interne revizije u osiguravajućim društvima Republike Srbije i Bosne i Hercegovine. Na osnovu istraživanja doneseni su zaključci o međusobnoj usaglašenosti nacionalnih propisa ovih zemalja, i usaglašenosti sa Direktivom o solventnosti II.

Triple-strength model of female auditors empowerment in Iran

PurposeAs one of the dominant features in developing countries, gender inequality has driven individual development and the promotion of skills, behavioral and social competencies largely based on the male gender. The audit profession is considered one of the jobs where gender inequality exists, especially in developing countries. This has made educational programs more inclined toward enhancing masculine abilities, followed by less well-regarded feminine functions in the field. This study aims to present a triple-strength model of female auditors empowerment in Iran.Design/methodology/approachThis is a goal-oriented, descriptive-applied developmental research and a mix of data types. In the qualitative section, the three-dimensional empowerment proposition of women working in the field of internal auditing (IA) were identified based on the Dacum model approach participated by 15 research experts, using cross-sectional and Delphi analyses. A total interpretive structural model analysis was performed with the participation of 20 women as internal auditors of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE).FindingsThe purpose of this analysis was to prioritize the spectrum of the most influential indices of empowerment of female auditors in educational planning to the least effective ones in the form of the research model and to examine the relationships between them based on matrix comparisons. According to the results, 17 indices reached theoretical adequacy during the 2 rounds of Delphi analysis out of the initial 19 indices in the cross-mix analysis.Originality/valueThe results of the interpretive/structural analysis indicated that educational planning was selected to balance the other roles of women as internal auditors, and the most influential Dacum proposition was to enhance the capabilities of women in IA in listed companies in TSE.

Functioning of Public Internal Audit in Albania

Internal audit is an important tool in helping senior management of organizations to find the right solutions in meeting the objectives. Through findings and recommendations, auditors provide assurance and advice on the management of internal control systems, risk and governance. The management of public organizations in Albania still has an incomplete conception and a low level of awareness on the role of contemporary internal audit services. This is firstly related to the quality of audit activities, where in significant cases the quality of this service is assessed to be not at the levels required by contemporary standards and practices, and secondly to the lack of recognition and misuse of these services by many administrators of public organizations. The aim of this research is to determine the state of capacity of public administration employees in the field of internal audit, in public organizations in Albania and give the right recommendations for the development of these capacities in order for the internal audit service to become a powerful tool in the hands of managers to achieve their objectives by adding value to the organization. The methodology used for the research has its own dimensions such as: specification of research subjects and sampling, tools used for research, implementation plan, ethical issues, presentation of research findings, etc. The research is based on primary and secondary data collection. The research is based on the testing of the Hypothesis, H0. The practical implications of this paper consist in the fact that: this is an in-depth study of the problems faced by the internal audit activity in public sector organizations in Albania. The conclusions and recommendations given to address these issues will add value to the management of these organizations, by helping managers reconsider their roles and responsibilities in order to strengthen the Internal Control System, and to make it a powerful tool in meeting their objectives. They also serve internal auditors to improve their practical activities. The paper is original, as so far in Albania no other studies with these dimensions have been conducted in this field, and it also has both theoretical and practical value for researchers, internal auditors and managers of the field.

The role of internal audit in the functioning of an effective system of internal control of enterprises

The author carried out research of the list of issues related to the field of internal audit, namely its role in achieving the effectiveness of the internal control system. The article logically emphasizes the significance of the research area, discloses the objectives and procedure for conducting internal audit. The paper reveals the issues of the organization and functioning of internal audit as a tool for solving the problems of the company in order to increase the efficiency of its activities and investment attractiveness. From a scientific point of view, the study becomes relevant due to the problems presented and the proposed solutions. Among the identified problems there are such as inefficiency of internal audit, errors of subordination, etc.

Desain dan Implementasi Audit Operasional pada bagian Perpustakaan SMA Laboratorium Kristen Satya Wacana

Community service activities in the field of internal audit are carried out in the Satya Wacana Christian High School to assess the existing 3E (efficient, effective, and economical). The methods in this internal audit activity include identifying risks, audit programs and procedures, interviewing, observing, confirming, distributing questionnaires, and providing recommendations based on audit findings. The results if this activity are in the form of recommendations for prevention, improvement of the library operational activitiesbased of the 3E principle.

ВНЕДРЕНИЕ И ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЕ ВНУТРЕННЕГО АУДИТА В АГРОПРОМЫШЛЕННЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯХ

In the modern world, with the development of economic relations, the need for optimal management of an agro-industrial enterprise is of prime importance. In order to achieve the goals set, to systematize ap-proaches to assessing the financial condition of the organization and to increase the effectiveness of risk management, the company needs to implement internal audit. The purpose of this article is to study and determine the development, the essence of internal audit and the need for its application in practice in agri-cultural enterprises, as well as to establish the feasibility of using internal audit in the management system to achieve goals. The study examined the latest work of leading specialists in the field of internal audit (R. P. Bulyga, I. S. Egorov, Zh. A. Kevorkova, M. V. Melnik, A. D. Sheremet, etc.), its nature was determined. and a place in the management of the organization. The object of the research work is internal audit in agro-industrial enterprises. The subject of the research is the definition of the main functions of internal audit, its role and place in the financial control and management system of the company.

Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Efektivitas Fungsi Audit Internal pada Pemerintah Daerah X

The professional challenge of internal auditors in Indonesia is how to provide added value to the organization, especially in ensuring the implementation of good governance and organizational risk management. The limited research in the field of internal audit in local governments in Indonesia has become the main urgency in this study. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of cooperation between internal and external auditors; management support; effectiveness of internal controls; and auditor experience on the effectiveness of internal audits. This study uses a survey method with a research instrument in the form of a questionnaire. 58 research respondents were auditors and financial staff who worked at the Regional Inspectorate and Financial and Asset Agency (BKAD) in Local Government. The data analysis method used in this study was multiple regression. The results of the study state that management support and auditor experience affect the effectiveness of internal auditors. Whereas, the collaboration between the auditor's internal and external auditors and the effectiveness of internal controls does not affect the effectiveness of internal auditors.

Internal Audit in the Era of Continuous Transformation. Survey of Internal Auditors in Romania

In the era of continuous transformation, the role of internal audit has steadily increased, becoming one of the strategic pillars of today’s companies. In the current context, where corporate governance, risk management and internal controls are increasingly in the hands of regulators, shareholders and the general public, internal auditors have the task of reacting proactively and responsibly to the challenges of the market. Thus, it is important to understand the way in which internal audit activity is being carried out as well as its directions of development. This study aims to provide an overview of the priorities identified by companies in the field of internal audit and to illustrate opportunities to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the activity of internal audit departments The themes approached in this research aim to define the role of the internal audit function and to describe the way in which internal audit processes are currently being carried out. The research also aims to identify the prospects for transformation of the internal audit function from one that is focused on regulatory compliance into one that can add value to companies. Issues related to the impact of new technologies in process optimization are explored and another topic of interest is the perceived level of current staff skills and the extent to which the budgets and the size of the audit departments currently correspond to their business needs.

The Extent of Internal Audit Efficiency to Limit the Practices of Immoral Accountant (From the Point of view of Auditors in Baghdad)

The existence of ethical accounting practices was one of the reasons of deficiencies and difficulties in the field of internal auditing as a profession, in addition to the use of modern techniques and methods to address the shortcomings and difficulties encountered by the form of ethical accounting practices, a great challenge to the accounting profession and auditing through the practices, procedures and policies used by accountants. The exploratory nature of this study was adopted by the researcher on the developmental approach, in which the various information available in the books and courses were extracted and results reached on the application of internal auditing and ethical accounting practices. We have experience that can help protect economic unity and reduce ethical practices. In order to do so, the technology of the systems of expertise can be used in the face of inefficiencies and inefficiencies in the performance of internal audits. The research is based on the main hypothesis that there is a relationship of correlation and effect between the effectiveness of internal audit and the practices of the ethical accountant.

Auditing Interactive Complexity: Challenges for the Internal Audit Profession

This paper contributes to the debate on the future of internal auditing in the context of emerging and intensifying societal, technological and organizational complexity. We apply a critical essay approach to combine the theoretical insights from the field of complexity science and the field of internal auditing. We explore how the condition of intensifying interactive complexity relates to the principles and methodologies of the internal audit profession, now and in the near future. After positioning our paper in the internal audit literature, we argue that interactive complexity poses new challenges and dilemmas to the internal audit profession. We argue that it is crucial for the profession to renew its repertoire to deal with interactive complexity, but also to remain true to the core principles of the profession. We indicate several promising routes for research and debate on the future of internal audit that may help the profession to adapt to intensifying interactive complexity.

The Qualitative Mathematical Modeling of the Ambiguity within Internal Audit using Fuzzy Logic in the Forestry Entities

This article aims to develop a theoretical and practical methodology for the exercise of internal audit of compliance in terms of fuzzy logic to determine or verify the degree of conformity of a forestry entity's activity with certain policies, rules, standards regulations, namely specifically in terms of how the preparation and reporting of accounting financial statements within autonomous administration in forestry. The approach of methodology used in this article is rarely used in practice, even though it is relatively complex, it is not very difficult to understand. In this context, fuzzy logic theory provides a research tool considered suitable to be applied to highly subjective aspects such as audit. Therefore, building an internal evaluation system based on fuzzy logic theory by internal auditors within the forestry entities, but not only would prove very helpful that this approach effectively deals with ambiguity and subjectivity encountered throughout the course of internal audits. That is why the implementation of such a system is a challenge for future researchers in the field of internal auditing, of elaboration and reporting manner of accounting financial statements within autonomous administrations in forestry or other entities, but also in terms of other internal audit aspects of the entities.

The Professionalization of Internal Auditing

Purpose: This paper attempts to examine the meaning of professionalization, the conditions required for professionalization and whether internal auditing can be recognized as a profession. The paper makes use of study results in the fi eld of internal auditing conducted in Europe and the USA, as well as Andrew Abbott’s theory on the system of professions. Professions have common characteristics which differentiate them from other occupations. These characteristics were used to determine the criteria for evaluating the professionalism of internal auditing. The conducted analysis indicates that presently internal auditing cannot be regarded as an independent profession. Methodology: Study results (quantitative and qualitative) in the fi eld of internal auditing were used in the analysis. Findings: The conducted analysis indicates that presently internal auditing cannot be regarded as an independent profession. Research limitations: Only a selection of research studies conducted in the USA and a few European countries were used, which limits the cognitive value of the analysis. Originality: The paper presents an overview of conducted research studies and gives an evaluation of the current state of professionalization of internal auditing.

Ethics and internal audit: Moral will and moral skill in a heteronomous field

Abstract This paper examines ethics in the field of internal audit. A set of in-depth interviews, the autobiography of ex-Vice President of Internal Audit of World Com, Cynthia Cooper, and the documents of the Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) are all analyzed to shed light on the ethics—deontic, teleic, and aretaic—that characterize this weakly autonomous field. The paper further employs work in the field of economic sociology and Milan Kundera's literary ideas to highlight how internal auditors actively moralize markets and embrace a moral will that is ambiguous, if not conflicted. The paper further raises questions about the IIA's present offering of ethics-related resources and its ability to effectively develop moral skill in this field. In addition, and in keeping with our phronetic research approach, the paper provides suggestions aimed at improving the Institute's ethics resources.

Empirical research on the internal audit into public hospitals from Romania

This study employs a dual approach, in that it first considers a synthesis of the studies run by researchers in the field of internal audit within the public sector, ideas on this topic published into the professional literature, and regulations drawn up by national and international accounting regulators and accounting professional bodies. Secondly, it uses an empirical survey based on a questionnaire to get responses from public hospitals in Romania. All respondents consider that internal audit has its contribution to the improvement of public hospitals performance and it is a partner to their management. They consider the deficiencies identified by the internal audit within hospitals to be prevented in the future to a great extent, as well as the fact that the assessment of internal control and the elimination or diminution of unjustified expenses are the ways through which internal audit adds value to public hospitals. Nevertheless, it is reckoned that the absence of the internal audit function as a result of its conditioning by the number of hospital beds and the traditional role it plays in hospitals, imposes a resizing of the regulations and approaches into the field, in accordance with the existing realities, in order to contribute to the improvement of public hospitals performance in Romania. Key words: Romania, public sector, public hospital, internal audit, performance.

Internal audit education: exploring professional competence

Examines the nature of professional competence, using the field of Internal Audit as an exemplar. Attempts to describe the professionalization process and thus the context in which the concept is normally encountered. Reviews the nature and influence of pressures for change currently affecting the Internal Audit profession. Examines the differing approaches to the definition and interpretation of professional competence, including the consideration of the factors which underpin it and the role therein played by knowledge. Considers current UK and US proposals and developments in Internal Auditor education in the light of conclusions drawn from the preceding sections. Concludes that it is likely that a major influential role will be played by current developments in NVQ methodology and that, at least in the short term, a case study approach to teaching and assessment would be beneficial. It further posits that there will be, in all probability, a major role to be played in the future by formally structured workplace based competence led assessment.

THE STATE OF PROFESSIONALISM IN INTERNAL AUDITING

Damages resulting from the crisis in the savings and loan industry, continuing allegations of independent audit failures and recent media reports of significant declines in the moral integrity of new entrants to the managerial job market have heightened concerns about top management's moral integrity and commitment to traditional internal control objectives. Many believe that top management officials in both the private and public sectors are failing to take adequate measures to install, maintain, and monitor adequate internal control structures within their organizations. Other related matters that appear to be inadequately addressed include the measures that need to be taken to deter fraudulent acts and unethical conduct. Recognizing these apparent deficiencies, authoritative bodies such as the Treadway Commission have begun to look to the internal audit function to provide organizations additional internal assistance in identifying and remedying internal control deficiencies, curbing fraudulent acts, and monitoring the ethical conduct of organizational employees. For example, a significant portion of the recommendations made in the Treadway Commission Report focuses on strengthening the organizational position of the internal audit function in order to improve both its authority and capability to accomplish these duties. These recent events have rekindled concern by scholars and practitioners about professionalism in the field of internal auditing.1 Much of this interest is driven by the implied presumption that further enhancements in the status of internal auditing will have a positive influence on the field's capabilities to address the issus of fraud, deficient controls, and unethical behavior in commerical and governmental practice. The status of internal auditing is an important issue. Internal Auditing must possess the status of a in order to attain the requisite authority to enforce its standards on practice. Until this status is attained, commercial compliance with internal auditing standards will be largely voluntary. A field of work that must rely on voluntary compliance with its standards lacks the genuine status possessed by the well established professions such as medicine, law, architecture, and public accounting. This study examines, from a historical perspective, the progress made by the field of internal auditing since 1977. The overriding objectives of this examination are: (1) to determine if the field of internal auditing has achieved status; (2) to assess whether progress has been made in enhancing the status of internal auditing since 1977; and (3) to suggest any actions disclosed by the analysis that might be taken by the field of internal auditing in the future to further enhance its status or the prospects thereof. This study of professionalism focuses on events and activities that have transpired since 1977 for three major reasons: First, many authorities believe that the passage of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act in 1977 marked the beginning of a new era of improved opportunities for internal auditors.2 Thus, events and activities transpiring since 1977 might be expected to reveal stronger evidence of status for internal auditing than events and activities transpiring before 1977. second, many internal auditors consider the initial release of the Standards for the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing by the Institute of Internal Auditors Inc. in 1978 to be one of the most important professional milestones ever achieved by the field of internal auditing.3 Therefore, activities and events transpiring since 1978 under the support of these new standards should provide better evidence of status than activities and events transpiring prior to the attainment of this notable milestone. Finally, two previous studies published by Burns and Haga [1977] and Dierks and Davis [1980] have cast serious doubt that internal auditing qualified as a profession (in the strictest sense) prior to 1977. …