Field Of Gas Research Articles

Nucleic Acid-conjugated Carbohydrate Nanobiosensors: A Multimodal Tool for Disease Diagnosis.

Nucleic acid-based carbohydrate sensors (NAbCSs) constitute a strategy involving nucleic acids as recognition elements for the development of a unique, stable, sensitive, mono- or multimodal detection system in the field of nanomedicine, gas sensing, and gene therapy. Thus, this advanced platform for next-generation investigation compromises cost-effective, wearable, and noninvasive sensing devices as diagnostics in healthcare. This review article highlights the importance of NAbCSs and explores the novel applications of sensors fabricated via the conjugation of nucleic acids and carbohydrates. Additionally, advances in smart portable devices, like smartphones, printers, and digital multimeters, are summarized, followed by the challenges involved in the development of futuristic sensing tools. A novel platform has been unfolded for the detection of different chemical toxins (like aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A) and biomarkers (like miRNA in cancer) present in biosamples, food and biowarfare agents. The potential applications of biosensing in the areas of miniaturization, reusability, rapid, point-of-care or portable for home analysis techniques, cost-effective, eco-friendly, high throughput and personalized sensors for qualitative analysis of target analyte/s in bio-fluids and food have been explored. NAbCSs provide real-time monitoring of biosamples qualitatively and semi-quantitatively (luminometer, fluorimeter, etc.) in the absence of trained personnel. Explorations of NAbCSs encompass advantages in remote resource-limited access areas with simultaneous monitoring via smart devices for multiple analytes with greater precision, sensitivity, and selectivity.

High sensitivity gas pressure sensor based ondifferent inner diameter quartz capillary cascading and Vernier effect.

In this paper, a highly sensitive optical fiber gas pressure sensor is proposed and experimentally verified. The sensor is composed of two Fabry-Pérot (F-P) cavities, and two F-P cavities are fabricated by a single-mode fiber and two quartz capillaries with different inner diameters splicing. Among them, the small inner diameter capillary is used as a gas channel connecting the large inner diameter capillary and the external environment. The manufacturing process of the sensor only involves capillary cleaver and splicing and does not involve other complex manufacturing technologies. By correctly adjusting the length of the two quartz capillaries, when the free spectral range of the two F-P cavities is very close, the optical Vernier effect will be observed and used as a sensitive probe for detecting gas pressure. The experimental results show that, in the pressure range of 0-0.8 MPa, the gas pressure sensitivity of the sensor reaches -81.73 nm/MPa with a linearity of 99.7%, and the temperature cross-sensitivity is only 1.82 kPa/°C. Due to its easy manufacture, high sensitivity, compact structure, and small volume, the sensor has become one of the preferred structures for large-scale use in the field of gas sensing.

Highly response and humidity-resistant gas sensor based on polyaniline-functionalized Bi2MoO6 with UV activation

The bismuth molybdate (Bi2MoO6) has shown great application potential in the field of gas sensing owing to its abundant Lewis acid sites, suitable energy band and unique layered structure. In this work, a room temperature, highly response, selectivity and humidity-resistant NH3 gas sensor based on the Bi2MoO6/Polyaniline (BMO/PANI) nanocomposite was successfully developed by an in-situ chemical oxidative polymerization process. The obtained samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometer, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra, Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, etc. A series of gas-sensing properties studies were conducted with the assistance of UV light, which indicate that UV light illumination could significantly enhance the response of the prepared BMO/PANI sensor and short recovery time (71s). Additionally, the sensor also demonstrated excellent selectivity, repeatability, long-term stability, and moisture resistance. These outstanding characteristics of the sensor are attributed to the dramatic increase of surface state density upon activation by the UV light and the distinctive heterogeneous interface strengthens the interfacial charge transfer.

Magnetic Field of Molecular Gas Measured with the Velocity Gradient Technique I. Orion A

Magnetic fields play an important role in the evolution of molecular clouds and star formation. Using the velocity gradient technique (VGT) model, we measured the magnetic field in Orion A using the 12CO, 13CO, and C18O(1-0) emission lines at a scale of ∼0.07 pc. The measured B field shows an east–west orientation that is perpendicular to the integral shaped filament of Orion A at large scale. The VGT magnetic fields obtained from 13CO and C18O are in agreement with the B field that is measured from the Planck 353 GHz dust polarization at a scale of ∼0.55 pc. Removal of density effects by using a velocity decomposition algorithm can significantly improve the accuracy of the VGT in tracing magnetic fields with the 12CO(1-0) line. The magnetic field strengths of seven subclouds, OMC-1, OMC-2, OMC-3, OMC-4, OMC-5, L 1641-N, and NGC 1999, have also been estimated with the Davis–Chandrasekhar–Fermi and the Two Mach Numbers technique, and these are found to be in agreement with previous results obtained from dust polarization at far-infrared and submillimeter wavelengths. At smaller scales, the VGT prove a good method to measure magnetic fields.

Evaporation of water droplets in the 1st stage of the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis device

he present work deals with numerical modelling of aerosol evaporation in the flow of carrier gas (N2) in the 1st stage of ultrasonic spray pyrolysis device. For that we have used so called Euler-Lagrange approach, where the gas phase is treated as a continuous phase by solving the Navier-Stokes equations, while the dispersed phase is treated as a number of discrete particles, which exchange energy, momentum and mass with the continuous phase. Results are presented for the temperature field of carrier gas and water vapor, as well as for the droplets’ diameter, temperature and evaporation time.

Study of p-n Heterojunction Thin Films for Reducing Gas Sensing Application Fabricated by Thermal Evaporation Technique

Gas sensors have been widely implemented to solve concerns of air pollution, monitor human health, and crop yields. Because of its high sensitivity, quick response time, and short recovery time, metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) gas sensors have become a significant topic of research in the field of gas sensing. In the recent decade, many researchers are work on the different types of pure and doped MOS for improve gas sensor response. The present research work deals with the fabrication of p-n heterojunction thin films on alumina substrate by using thermal evaporation technique for reducing gas sensing application. In the current research work, ZnO is used as a functional material and MgO as a dopant. The structural, electrical, and gas sensing properties of fabricated p-n (CuO-ZnO) heterojunction thin films were studied. The resistivity of p-n heterojunction thin films was found to be 23.461Ω/m. The found to be negative to p-n heterojunction thin films. The morphological, elemental and structural characterization of fabricated CuO-ZnO heterojunction thin films were analyzed by using , EDAX and XRD standard tools respectively. By using Scherer’s formula the crystallite size of CuO-ZnO heterojunction thin films was found as 36.83 nm. The fabricated CuO-ZnO heterojunction thin films were exposed to reducing gases such as Liquefied petroleum (LPG), Ammonia (NH3), Ethanol (C2H5OH), and Dichlorofluoromethane (R12) to determine gas response and selectivity. Fabricated CuO-ZnO heterojunction thin films shows maximum response to LPG gas as compare to other gases. The maximum sensitivity has to be found 89.23% to LPG gas of concentration 300 ppm. Fabricated MgO-ZnO thin films also show fast response and recovery time in seconds.

A Flexible and Wearable Nylon Fiber Sensor Modified by Reduced Graphene Oxide and ZnO Quantum Dots for Wide-Range NO2 Gas Detection at Room Temperature.

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) fiber as a carbon-based fiber sensor has aroused widespread interest in the field of gas sensing. However, the low response value and poor flexibility of the rGO fiber sensor severely limit its application in the field of flexible wearable electronics. In this paper, a flexible and wearable nylon fiber sensor modified by rGO and ZnO quantum dots (QDs) is proposed for wide-range NO2 gas detection at room temperature. The response value of the nylon fiber sensor to 100 ppm NO2 gas is as high as 0.4958, and the response time and recovery time are 216.2 s and 667.9 s, respectively. The relationship between the sensor’s response value and the NO2 concentration value is linear in the range of 20–100 ppm, and the fitting coefficient is 0.998. In addition, the test results show that the sensor also has good repeatability, flexibility, and selectivity. Moreover, an early warning module was also designed and is proposed in this paper to realize the over-limit monitoring of NO2 gas, and the flexible sensor was embedded in a mask, demonstrating its great application potential and value in the field of wearable electronics.

Control of the Cretaceous Paleofluid Potential on the Source-Distal Lithologic Reservoirs in the Western Tabei Area of the Tarim Basin

The Cretaceous clastic oil and gas reservoirs in the western Tabei area of the Tarim Basin are far away from source rocks (source-distal), and the hydrocarbons mainly originate from Triassic continental source rocks in the northern Kuqa Depression. Early exploration focused on structural oil and gas reservoirs, and yet, with deepening of exploration practice, exploration has shifted from structural oil and gas reservoirs to lithologic reservoirs. In such context, under guidance of the theory of migration and accumulation for source-distal reservoirs, the key accumulation period of Triassic source rocks is determined, and the migration path of oil and gas is clarified. According to the geological characteristics of the study area, the impression method and sequence ratio method are used to restore the paleoburial depth, and the Fillippone formula is used to restore the paleopressure. Based on Hubbert’s theory, the paleofluid potential field of Triassic oil and gas in the Neogene Kangcun period is reasonably reconstructed. These combined with the planar structural evolution of Cretaceous reveal the preferential source-distal migration paths and directions of oil and gas. The favorable area of oil and gas accumulation is demarcated, and then, the facies belts with favorable lithology have been identified. The research results show the following: (1) The hydrocarbons of the Cretaceous oil and gas reservoirs originate from the Triassic source rocks. The Neogene Kangcun period is the key accumulation period. Hydrocarbons migrate to the western Tabei area along the Cretaceous basal unconformities and Late Yanshanian faults. (2) The paleofluid potential field of the Cretaceous during the key accumulation period shows the characteristics of “being high in the north and low in the south,” which is consistent with the gradual decrease of fluid potential along the migration distance from the northern hydrocarbon generation center (Kuqa Depression) to the south slope, and coincides with the main distribution range of source rocks in the Kuqa Depression. On the basis of the aforementioned, four preferential source-distal migration paths and directions of hydrocarbons have been clarified, and the Yudong-Yingmaili area is confirmed as a favorable area for the source-distal migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons into the Cretaceous. (3) In terms of the favorable areas for source-distal oil and gas migration and accumulation to Cretaceous strata, the forward distal end and lateral flanks of the branched retrogradational delta are the favorable facies belts for the next exploration of lithologic oil and gas resources. The recent breakthroughs in the lithologic reservoirs of wells D7 and M46 have confirmed that the findings of this research on the preferential source-distal migration paths and accumulation positions of hydrocarbons are of great guiding values for exploration deployment of Cretaceous lithologic reservoirs far away from source rocks.

Simulation of organics in the atmosphere: evaluation of EMACv2.54 with the Mainz Organic Mechanism (MOM) coupled to the ORACLE (v1.0) submodel

Abstract. An updated and expanded representation of organics in the chemistry general circulation model EMAC (ECHAM5/MESSy for Atmospheric Chemistry) has been evaluated. First, the comprehensive Mainz Organic Mechanism (MOM) in the submodel MECCA (Module Efficiently Calculating the Chemistry of the Atmosphere) was activated with explicit degradation of organic species up to five carbon atoms and a simplified mechanism for larger molecules. Second, the ORACLE submodel (version 1.0) now considers condensation on aerosols for all organics in the mechanism. Parameterizations for aerosol yields are used only for the lumped species that are not included in the explicit mechanism. The simultaneous usage of MOM and ORACLE allows an efficient estimation of not only the chemical degradation of the simulated volatile organic compounds but also the contribution of organics to the growth and fate of (organic) aerosol, with the complexity of the mechanism largely increased compared to EMAC simulations with more simplified chemistry. The model evaluation presented here reveals that the OH concentration is reproduced well globally, whereas significant biases for observed oxygenated organics are present. We also investigate the general properties of the aerosols and their composition, showing that the more sophisticated and process-oriented secondary aerosol formation does not degrade the good agreement of previous model configurations with observations at the surface, allowing further research in the field of gas–aerosol interactions.

Characterization, Classification, and Evaluation of the Reservoir Pore Structure Features of Lacustrine Fine-Grained Sedimentary Rocks. A Case Study of the Fourth Member of the Shahejie Formation in the Chenguanzhuang Area of the Southern Gently Sloping Zone of the Dongying Depression, Bohai Bay Basin

With the development of unconventional oil and gas exploration “from sea to land,” lacustrine fine-grained sedimentary rocks (FSR) have gradually attracted the attention of scholars and become an important topic in the field of unconventional oil and gas, but the research is still in its initial stage. In this study, lacustrine FSR in the Dongying Depression of the Bohai Bay Basin are used as the research object, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and quantitative image characterization are used to characterize the pore structure of the reservoir in the study area on multiple scales, analyze the reservoir characteristics control factors, and classify and evaluate the reservoir. The results show that: 1) the favorable petrographic phases of the FSR reservoir can be classified into six types of organic-rich lime mudstone, organic-rich laminoid lime clay rock, organic-rich laminoid clay micritic limestone, organic-bearing banding clay micritic limestone, organic-rich banding lime clay rock, and organic-bearing lumpy clay micritic limestone. With an average porosity of 12.3% and an average permeability of 10.58 mD, the overall reservoir is a typical low-porosity-low-permeability type; 2) the reservoir space types are diverse, with strong microscopic inhomogeneity; pores with a pore size of less than 2 nm almost have no contribution to the reservoir space; the pore volume and pore area are mainly provided by organic matter pores at the 100 nm level, mineral intergranular pores, and clay mineral shrinkage pores/slits. The FSR reservoirs in the study area are classified into three categories, and the pore structure of the reservoirs from categories I to III deteriorates in turn. This study provides a basis for the microscopic characterization, classification, and evaluation of lacustrine FSR reservoirs and their exploration.

Long-distance in-situ near-infrared gas sensor system using a fabricated fiber-coupled Herriott cell (FC-HC) operating within 1.5–2.3 μm

Long-distance field gas sensing in hazardous environment is highly desirable in industry but remains challenging due to ultralow concentration levels of the target gas species. A fiber-coupled Herriott cell (FC-HC) was fabricated for long-distance gas detection, which is composed of a sealed Herriott cell with a dimensional size of 8.3 cm × 9.0 cm × 47.2 cm, a single-mode fiber collimator for input light coupling and a multi-mode optical fiber for output light coupling. The experimentally measured absorption path length of the FC-HC is ∼24.6 m through acetylene (C2H2) detection. Also, this FC-HC is compatible with distributed feedback lasers operating from ∼1.5 μm to ∼2.3 μm. C2H2 and methane (CH4) measurements were carried out using the fabricated FC-HC. The measurement precision of C2H2 is 0.38 parts-per-million in volume (ppmv) with a 0.5 s averaging time, which can be further decreased to 27.20 parts-per-billion in volume (ppbv) with a 70 s averaging time. The limit of detection (LoD) of CH4 is 1.11 ppmv with an averaging time of 0.5 s and can be improved to 0.04 ppmv with an averaging time of 122 s. Field measurement of the sensor system for in-situ CH4 leakage was performed to validate the normal operation of the system. The proposed FC-HC shows potential applications in the field of long-distance gas sensing based on laser absorption spectroscopy.

Global Research Trends on Shale Gas from 2010–2020 Using a Bibliometric Approach

In the last few decades, shale gas resources have attracted much global attention as potential sources for clean and affordable energy. Due to this fact, coupled with the increasing energy shortfall, shale gas has become an increasingly attractive energy prospect from both an environmental and economic perspective. This development has led to the rapid growth in the number of researchers and publications in the field of shale gas. Although there are few review articles on the state of research on shale gas, the literature lacked a bibliometric analysis. This study is intended to fill the research gap by carrying out a bibliometric analysis of 9247 shale gas articles that were published between 2010 and 2020. The Web of Science database was used to collect the data. The analysis was performed to identify the most productive authors, institutions, countries, and sources, and to visualize existing collaborations as well as provide valuable information which could form the basis for establishing future collaboration. The analysis results revealed that Li J has the highest number of publications on shale gas whereas Loucks RG is the most cited author. The top three countries with the highest number of publications in shale gas research are China, USA, and Canada, while the China University of Petroleum (Beijing), China University of Geosciences, and Southwest Petroleum University China were the three top institutions with the highest number of publications. Fuel, International Journal of Coal Geology, and Marine and Petroleum Geology are the journals with the highest number of published articles on shale gas. The keyword analysis indicated that shale gas, hydraulic fracturing, pore structure, permeability, adsorption, kinetics, pyrolysis, organic matter, thermal maturity, and numerical simulation are the predominant research topics. This showed the multi-dimensional and multi-faceted character of the shale gas field. Besides, it appeared to be an exciting topic for further study that is based on a detailed evaluation of the shale gas literature. In fact, shale gas, hydraulic fracturing (fracking), CO2 sequestration, kinetic, gas adsorption, diffusion, and simulation are becoming emerging research hotspots. The bibliometric analysis that was presented in this study has revealed valuable information about the most active institutions and countries, and the most influential authors in the field of shale gas which could form the basis for establishing future collaboration. Furthermore, it can help researchers to understand the global research trend in shale gas as well as provide references for establishing future research directions.

π-Electronic Coassembled Microflake Sensors with Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Enhanced Discrimination of Methanol and Ethanol.

In the field of fluorescence-based gas sensing, it is very difficult to realize the distinction of the molecules with similar chemical properties and slight structural differences (e.g., methanol and ethanol). Herein, we fabricated coassemblies of energy-donor molecule 1 (M1) and energy-acceptor molecule 2 (M2) with different molar ratios. These materials can selectively differentiate methanol and ethanol by regulating the distance of exciton migration of donor M1 by embedding energy-acceptor M2. More importantly, methanol can also be detected from the mixture vapors of methanol and ethanol. These results provide a new approach for developing fluorescence sensors that are highly sensitive to molecules with very small difference in the chemical structures.

Pd-doped PtSe2 monolayer with strain-modulated effect for sensing SF6 decomposed species: a first-principles study

This work employing the first-principles theory investigated the potential of Pd-doped PtSe2 (Pd–PtSe2) monolayer as a sensing material for detection of H2S and SOF2 in the SF6 insulation devices. The Pd dopant is stably trapped on the TPt site of the PtSe2 surface with Eb of −2.37 eV, and the bandgap of Pd–PtSe2 system is reduced to 0.81 eV from that of 1.31 eV of the pristine counterpart. Pd–PtSe2 monolayer has stronger adsorption performance upon SOF2 with Ead of −0.94 eV than H2S with Ead of −0.88 eV, leading to more obvious increase to 0.96 eV in the SOF2 system than that of 0.84 eV in the H2S system. Thus, the much higher sensitivity and more desirable recovery property give rise to the stronger suitability of Pd–PtSe2 monolayer for SOF2 detection, as verified by the I–V curve analysis wherein the electrical resistance and sensing response are seen much larger in the SOF2 system. Moreover, the applied strain is proved as a workable manner to modulate the sensing performance of Pd–PtSe2 monolayer, with tunable QT and Eg obtained in various strains. Our calculations evidence the potential of Pd–PtSe2 monolayer as a promising gas sensor to evaluate the operation status of the SF6 insulation devices, which is beneficial to stimulate more edge-cutting work in the field of gas sensing as well.

Research on the influence of laser molten pool flow and evaporation on the bump texture forming of aluminum plate surface

At present, the research of laser texture mainly focuses on the machining quality and its properties, but the forming mechanism of laser bump texture surfaces is relatively less studied. In this paper, a long pulse laser ablation model was established based on the laser molten pool flow and evaporation phenomena by numerical simulation. And the evolution mechanism of bump texture morphology on metal surface during laser irradiation time was studied. The results show that the bump texture morphology shows edge protrusions and central depressions, and in the cooling stage, under the action of surface tension, the concave and convex height will show a rebound phenomenon. At the same time, the influence of laser parameters on the morphology of laser bump texture was studied by experiments. By comparing the numerical simulation with the experimental results, it can be found that when the laser irradiation time is equal to 0.5 ms, the morphology obtained by numerical simulation is close to the experimental results. In addition, the differences of pressure field and velocity of vaporized metal gas at different time and under different laser power are compared. Finally, the plasma on the surface of aluminum during laser machining captured by a high-speed camera indirectly indicates that the evaporated metal gas ionizes and forms a stable plasma layer floating above the target material.

Experimental study on the formation characteristics of CO2 hydrate in porous media below the freezing point: Influence of particle size and temperature on the formation process and storage capacity

AbstractCO2 storage in form of hydrate in stratigraphic sediment has been considered to be one of the effective strategies against global warming and mitigating CO2 emission, which has attracted extensive research interest in the field of greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction and natural gas hydrate exploitation in permafrost regions. How the formation characteristics of CO2 hydrate influences the storage process is a fundamental issue related to the hydrate‐based technology of CO2 sequestration and storage in the permafrost regions. In this study, the formation experiments of CO2 hydrate were carried out in porous media below freezing point under the condition of different particle sizes and temperatures. The influence of different factors on the formation rate, conversion rate, and gas storage capacity of CO2 hydrate were studied through experiments. It was indicated that temperature and ice particle size had a significant effect on the formation characteristics of CO2 hydrate in porous media below the freezing point. However, it did not mean that the greater the degree of supercooling was the better the hydrate formation would be. The formation rate and conversion rate of hydrate were relatively higher when the temperature approached to the freezing point. In contrast, the gas storage capacity of CO2 hydrate was higher than that above the freezing point. The average formation rate, conversion rate, and gas storage capacity of CO2 hydrate were obtained under the temperature of 270.15 K, which was 3.68 × 10−4 mol h−1, 40.47%, and 75.09 L/L, respectively. When the ice particle size was 700 µm under the same particle size of quartz sand, the conversion rate and gas storage capacity of CO2 hydrate was the maximum, reached to 49.69% and 92.19 L/L, respectively. These results provide greater insights into the hydrate‐based technology of CO2 sequestration and storage in sediments.

Layered SnS2/porous nickel foil based Schottky junction: An excellent ammonia sensor at room temperature

In recent years, layered materials has gained immense attention in the field of gas sensing owing to their extraordinary electrical, optical and catalytic properties. Their gas sensing performance can further be improved by switching from ohmic to schottky based sensor due to exponential change of conductance in analyte environment. In most of the Schottky based gas sensor, the surface of the sensing material is covered by metal electrode which reduces the sensing performance. Herein, we have fabricated 2D SnS2 (thickness: 5.62 ± 1.26 nm) based Schottky junction for ammonia detection operated at room temperature using porous nickel foil which allows the analyte molecule to maximize the interaction with the sensing material. We have compared the performance of the Schottky junction sensor with that of SnS2 based ohmic sensor. The Schottky junction based sensor has 140.7 times higher response than SnS2 based ohmic sensor at 360 ppm. The response of the sensor exhibits exponential behavior with ammonia concentration which is explained by estimated barrier height modulation from 0.83 eV (in air) to 0.69 eV (at 225 ppm). In addition, the long term stability over six months of the sensor makes it a promising candidate for practical ammonia sensor operated at room temperature.

Механізм функціонування та державного регулювання регіональних ринків теплоенергії

The article is aimed at studying the current mechanism of the State regulation in the field of heat supply, identifying directions for its reform and developing proposals as to the formation of regional heat energy markets. To achieve this aim, the existing procedure for regulating economic activity in the field of heat supply, the mechanisms of functioning of electricity and natural gas markets are analyzed, the principles of functioning of regional heat energy markets are formulated. The study analyzes the content of the concept of «energy carriers market» (on the example of electric and heat energy and natural gas), as well as the basic principles of the functioning of national and regional markets of heat energy carriers. The current mechanism of the State regulation of economic activity in the field of heat supply and natural gas and electricity markets is examined. The direction of improving the regulation of economic activity in the field of heat supply is substantiated – further decentralization of managerial functions and concentration of powers at the level of local communities; creation of regional heat energy markets, which should be in the operational and strategic management of local self-government. The composition of instruments of the State regulation of the regional heat energy market is proposed. The result of the study is the development of proposals for the classification and composition of such groups of the State regulation instruments: regulatory (licensing, establishment of mandatory rules of economic activity, approval of standard forms of contracts, etc.), tariff (approval of the methodology for substantiating the level of tariffs), financial (provision of preferential economic conditions), and monitoring. Prospects for further research on this topic are: development of a model of the regional heat energy market along with a road-map for its construction; development of methodological provision necessary for the functioning of the regional heat energy market; substantiation of directions for improving domestic legislation on the regulation of economic activity in the field of heat supply.

АНАЛИЗ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННО-ФИНАНСОВОЙ И ФИНАНСОВОЙ МОДЕЛИ КИТАЙСКО-РОССИЙСКОГО СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВА В НЕФТЕГАЗОВОЙ ОТРАСЛИ

Sino-Russian energy cooperation has always been an important area of economic relations between China and Russia. The two countries have been achieving fruitful results in this area for many years, especially in the field of oil and natural gas. In recent years, this cooperation has become closer. Supported by intergovernmental agreements, it is based on crude oil trading with capital as a link, national oil companies as carriers and national credit as a guarantee. Industrial financialization is the future of the oil and gas industry. In this regard, building a model of production and financial integration of the Chinese-Russian oil and gas industry has become an important problem that Chinese and Russian energy companies will have to face in the framework of current cooperation. At the same time, with the strengthening of oil financing, the horizons of domestic and foreign scientists have expanded to the field of industrial finance, and the use of industrial finance theory to analyze the problems of the international oil market has become one of the main research prospects.

Synthesis and characterization of an ultra-thin BiOCl/MXene heterostructure for the detection of NO2 at room temperature with enhanced moisture resistance

Two-dimensional ultrathin MXenes (Ti3C2Tx) have gained crucial attention in the field of gas sensing owing to their unique chemical and physical properties.