Field Of Electronic Engineering Research Articles

An overview of principles and types of ADC and DAC

In modern society, electronic devices such as computers have facilitated the resolution of numerous problems. However, these devices can only process digital signals, while the signals in the natural are predominantly analog. Consequently, Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) and Digital-to-Analog Converters (DACs) have become important circuits that are widely employed in various fields such as industry, communication, healthcare, and energy. The research and development of ADCs and DACs have been recognized as significant research directions in the field of electronic engineering. This paper aims to delve into the fundamental principles, classifications, and applications of ADCs and DACs, providing valuable references and guidance for electronic engineers.

Preface

It is truly my pleasure to welcome all of you to join 2022 3rd International Conference on Electronic Engineering and Signal Processing (EESP 2022). EESP aims to promote the research exchange in the field of Electronic Engineering and Signal Processing. Due to the global situation regarding the Covid 19 pandemic, the EESP 2022, which was planned to be held in Istanbul, Turkey, August 28-30, 2022, we decided to hold a hybrid conference during the same time period. Not only EESP 2022 publicizes many state-of-art papers in the mentioned research areas recommended by renowned international program committee, organized by distinguished scholars around the globe, it also holds several keynote and plenary talks presented by world-renowned researchers. The success of EESP 2022 certainly paves the path for a better event in the future.I was honored to join this important event. First, I would like to take this opportunity to convey my appreciation to the organizing committee for tireless efforts to manage this convention. This conference focuses on the latest research results in electronic engineering and signal processing, and provides an authoritative international exchange platform for researchers in related fields, so as to promote stimulating academic exchanges among scholars. The conference has hosted many keynote speeches, invited speeches and technical sessions. Though some of the authors and speakers couldn’t communicate face to face, the passions for involvement was fascinating.In the proceedings, readers can learn the most recent cutting-edge knowledge about electronic engineering and signal processing presented by scholars from all around the world. Each selected paper was chosen by double-blinded peer review. We are very grateful for the review committee’s hard work and tireless efforts. They have to choose part of many good quality papers which were produced from excellent research works based on their professional achievements and profound knowledge. Without their contributions, the conference would not happen, and we would not able to produce high quality proceedings.It is our goal to host a leading conference in this field in the coming years. Your continued support will be greatly appreciated. We wish you all the best and look forward to seeing your new discovery next year. Conference Organizing Committee of EESP 2022 Conference Chair, Prof. Igor Kuzle, University of Zagreb, Croatia List of Committees are available in this pdf.

Research Status and Prospect of Embedded System

Embedded system is one of the key research topics nowadays. The engineers found that embedded system can be applied in many electronic engineering fields, such as daily household appliances, industrial control, etc. A complete embedded system includes all of the necessary components, such as an embedded processor, hardware structure, software system, and operating system. The central characteristics of embedded systems are the heterogeneity of their implementation technologies (digital hardware, software), the tightness of their nonfunctional requirements, and their complexity. Despite the fact that embedded systems have been widely used in modern society, there is still a lack of unified understanding of the classification of embedded processors. Through the understanding of the overall structure of embedded systems and the research of the application status of embedded systems, researchers or engineers can make wiser choices when designing embedded systems.

Workshop Perakitan Audio Amplifier Guna Meningkatkan Keterampilan Bidang Elektronika Werga Desa Serdang Kulon, Kec. Panongan, Kab. Tangerang

Changes and developments in the times of society are required to be able to keep abreast of technological advances. The development in the field of electronics technology certainly requires human resources who have competence in accordance with the needs of society and industry., the results of observations carried out on the Serdang Kulon village, there are still many community members who do not understand the field of electronics so it is very necessary to carry out community service activities the community in that location. In this community service activity, several things were carried out which were expected to be a solution to problems in the village of Serdang Kulon, namely the Audio Amplifier Assembly Workshop to Improve the Electronics Skills of the Residents of Serdang Kulon Village, Panongan District, Tangerang Regency. With activity material: basic electronics theory (basic electronic components, basic electrical science, electronic circuits) , soldering practice, assembling series and parallel LED circuits, assembling LED blinking circuits, assembling automatic light sensor circuits and assembling audio amplifiers. The implementation of PKM activities involves Lecturers and Cadets and stakeholders as a form of Higher Education Dharma. In addition, this activity is also a field experience and direct learning media for students/cadets.

Discussion on the Application of Artificial Intelligence Technology in the Development of Electronic Engineering

As an advanced technology in China, artificial intelligence technology has a very high application value. Its application in the field of electronic engineering has improved the level of production technology, increased productivity, and promoted the development of the field of electronic engineering in the direction of intelligence and automation. This paper briefly outlines the artificial intelligence technology and its connection with electronic engineering, and discusses the application of artificial intelligence technology in the development of electronic engineering field, hoping to provide reference for the use of artificial intelligence and the development of electronic engineering field.

Activation of R&D in the field of electronic engineering to ensure technological independence

The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the state and development prospects for Russian electronic engineering, in particular semiconductor lithography systems. Based on the analysis of the global market, it is stated that about 98% of the semiconductor lithography systems manufactured are under sanctions, and Chinese equipment is almost the only available option for import. The study showed that scientific schools and organizations with the potential to develop and produce such complex equipment have been preserved and continue to work in Russia. At the same time, state measures to support domestic developers are more of a selective nature, a transition to a comprehensive full-cycle support system is necessary. One of the solutions to provide system support can be the implementation of the concept of "cross-cutting projects".

Preface

We were pleased to introduce that 2022 9th International Conference on Electronics Engineering and Technology (ICEET 2022) was successfully held during July 1-3, 2022. in full virtual style.Considering the COVID-19 pandemic and strict travel restrictions worldwide, the organizing committee has decided to convert ICEET 2022 to a fully virtual conference after careful consideration and advice from some of the attendees. Despite the impact of the pandemic, ICEET 2022 provides a high-quality platform for researchers, practitioners and professionals from industry and academia to share the latest research findings and results. ICEET 2022 will continue to promote the exchange of information in the field of electronic engineering and technology, aiming to promote international academic exchanges and international cooperation, and provide researchers around the world with opportunities and technologies to exchange ideas and latest research results in electronic engineering theory and applications.The ICEET 2022 has received a great response throughout the countries. And the accepted papers were peer-reviewed by reviewers drawn from the committees, external reviewers, and editorial board depending on the subject of the papers. Based on the paper originality, significance and clarity, 12 papers were selected under a rigorous peer-review process.Efforts taken by peer reviewers provided constructive critical comments; improvements and corrections to the authors are gratefully appreciated. We are very grateful to the keynote speakers, invited speakers, advisory committees, session chairs who selflessly contributed to the success of this conference. Also, we are thankful to all the authors who submitted papers, because of which the conference became a story of success. It was the quality of their presentations and their passion to communicate with the other participants that really made this conference series a great success.We sincerely hope that ICEET will be a forum for excellent discussions that will put forward new ideas and promote collaborative researches. And we believe with the strong support of all participants, professors, scholars, etc., this conference will be more distinctive. Hope you have an excellent time during ICEET 2022. Thank you all for your efforts to make this conference a success.ICEET Organizing CommitteesList of Statement of Peer Review is available in this pdf.

Digital Image Processing.

Digital image processing is the use of a digital computer to process a digital image using an algorithm. As a subcategory or area of digital signal processing, digital image processing has many advantages over analog image processing. It allows a much wider range of algorithms to be applied to the input data and can avoid problems such as noise accumulation and distortion during processing. This review article provides a comprehensive literature review of various image processing techniques along with a brief introduction to digital image processing that defines its scope and importance, thereby highlighting the importance of its use in the field of electronic engineering applications that are used in today's commercial and industrial scenarios. It takes into consideration the research work done by various leading scholars in the field of electronic engineering and also the description of various software tools like MATLAB which is used for the practical implementation of the given problem lying in its domain.

Preface

After successfully held for two consecutive years, the 2021 3rd International Conference on Electronic Engineering and Informatics (EEI 2021) was successfully held in Dali, China during June 18-20, 2021. EEI 2021 is to bring together innovative academics and industrial experts in the field of Electronic Engineering and Informatics to a common forum. The primary goal of the conference is to promote research and developmental activities in Electronic Engineering and Informatics, and another goal is to promote scientific information interchange between researchers, developers, engineers, students, and practitioners working all around the world. The conference will be held every year to make it an ideal platform for people to share views and experiences in Electronic Engineering and Informatics and related areas.The conference model was divided into two sessions, including oral presentations and keynote speeches. In the first part, some scholars, whose submissions were selected as the excellent papers, were given 15 minutes to perform their oral presentations one by one. Then in the second part, keynote speakers were each allocated 30-45 minutes to hold their speeches. In this conference, we have invited Prof. Quanxin Zhu, from Hunan Normal University, China and Assoc. Prof. GHAMGEEN IZAT RASHED, from Wuhan University-School of Electrical Engineering and Automation to serve as our Conference Chairmen. And we were honored to invite 6 sophisticated keynote speakers to deliver keynote speeches during the conference. Prof. Yue Yang, from Nankai University, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering. He is engaged in basic and applied research in the fields of intelligent photonics, optical communication systems and networks, optical interconnection, detection and imaging display technologies, integrated photonics, optical fiber and free space optics. The next keynote speakers, Prof. Quanxin Zhu, from Hunan Normal University, China. His main research interests include Markov process, stability and control of stochastic systems. Prof. Philip T Moore, from School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, China. The other keynote speakers as follow: Prof. Hiroshi Watanabe, from National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University/Dept. Electrical and Computer Engineering; Assoc.Prof. Kai-Sheng Chen, from National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Assoc. Prof. Anwar Ali, from Politecnico di Torino, Italy.We are glad to share with you that we received lots of submissions from the conference and we selected a bunch of high-quality papers and compiled them into the proceedings after rigorously reviewed them. These papers feature following topics but are not limited to: Electronic Technology, Information and Communication. All the papers have been through rigorous review and process to meet the requirements of international publication standard.We would like to thank the organization staff, the members of the program committees and reviewers. They have worked very hard in reviewing papers and making valuable suggestions for the authors to improve their work. We also would like to express our gratitude to the external reviewers, for providing extra help in the review process, and the authors for contributing their research result to the conference.Lastly, we would like to warmly thank all the authors who, with their presentations and papers, generously contributed to the lively exchange of scientific information that is so vital to the endurance of scientific conferences of this kind.The Committee of EEI 2021List of Committee members are available in this pdf.

The Compressed Sensing of Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Internet of Things

In the application of wireless sensor networks, poor computing power, limited storage space, and short duration have severely restricted the development of wireless sensor networks. Compressed sensing technology is an emerging signal front-end processing technology, which breaks the original use restrictions, saves storage space and energy consumption, and has become a research hotspot in the field of electronic technology. Based on the wireless network, this paper combines the big data P2P direct connection perception idea to expand the compression algorithm spatially. First, locate the data on different nodes, then perform task allocation on the data compression calculation in the cloud, and finally wait for the node to compress the data to be compressed. The results show that compressed sensing technology can accurately locate objects, overcome node defects in wireless sensor networks, reduce node energy consumption, improve data processing capabilities and calculation speed, and track targets. Specific references for more accurate investigation and positioning.

Preface

The 2021 6th International Conference on Electronic Technology and Information Science (ICETIS 2021) was held on January 22-24, 2021 as a virtual conference due to the growing concerns over the coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19), and in order to protect the well-being of our attendees, partners, and staff as our number one priority. ICETIS 2021 is to bring together innovative academics and industrial experts in the field of electronic technology and information science to a common forum. The primary goal of the conference is to promote research and developmental activities in electronic technology and information science and another goal is to promote scientific information interchange between researchers, developers, engineers, students, and practitioners working all around the world.This scientific event brings together more than 160 national and international researchers in electronic technology and information science. On top of the local participants coming from different national universities, international participants are also registered from different countries, namely UK, USA, Malaysia. During the conference, the conference model was divided into three sessions, including oral presentations, keynote speeches, and online Q&A discussion. In the first part, some scholars, whose submissions were selected as the excellent papers, were given about 5-10 minutes to perform their oral presentations one by one. Then in the second part, keynote speakers were each allocated 30-45 minutes to hold their speeches.In the second part, we invited three professors as our keynote speakers. Assoc. Prof. Mahmoud AlShawabkeh, from Guangxi Normal University for Nationalities, China. His research area focuses on Computer Network Security and Information Systems. And then we had Assoc. Prof. Lei Zhang from Henan University, China. He devoted in Machine learning, Big data, Information security and other related research area. Assoc. Prof. Zhihan Lv, from Qingdao University, China. His research mainly focuses on Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality, Geographic Information Systems, Computer Vision, Multimedia, 3D Visualization, 3D Graphics, Serious Game, HCI, Bigdata, Internet of Things. Their insightful speeches had triggered heated discussion in the third session of the conference. Every participant praised this conference for disseminating useful and insightful knowledge.The proceedings are a compilation of the accepted papers and represent an interesting outcome of the conference. Topics include but are not limited to the following areas: Electronics Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Computer Engineering and more related topics. All the papers have been through rigorous review and process to meet the requirements of International publication standard.We would like to acknowledge all of those who supported ICETIS 2021. The help and contribution of each individual and institution was instrumental in the success of the conference. In particular, we would like to thank the organizing committee for its valuable inputs in shaping the conference program and reviewing the submitted papers.The Committee of ICETIS 2021List of Committee members are available in this pdf.

К вопросу о социально-правовой обусловленности уголовно-правового противодействия преступлениям, совершаемым с использованием электронных технологий, в России и Китае

Purpose. This research is aimed at identifying the reasons for the social and legal conditionality of establishing criminal bans committed using electronic technologies in Russia and China. Based on this, it is reasonable to study the socio-legal conditionality of establishing criminal liability in the field of electronic technologies, since in the absence of a system of knowledge about public relations protected by criminal law, as well as the environment in which the relevant normative decision was made, it is impossible to fully analyze its content and potential effectiveness. Methodology: general scientific and private scientific methods of cognition: analysis, synthesis, formal logical, formal legal, comparative legal. Conclusions. The need for criminal law protection of the sphere of high-tech circulation from criminal attacks is due to its influence on the existing structure of public relations and the emergence of new threats to the state, public and personal security of citizens. The public danger of crimes committed with the use of electronic technologies has qualitative differences from the negative impact on public relations arising from the use of historically established methods of illegal behavior. Crimes committed with the use of electronic technologies have received a criminal-legal characterization in the legislation of Russia and China insofar as there are new threats to public relations arising from the circulation of computer information and its use for commercial and non-commercial purposes. Scientific and practical significance. The significance of the research is that for the first time a comparative legal analysis of the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China is conducted in terms of establishing responsibility for crimes committed using electronic technologies. The practical significance of the research lies in the legislative activity of the two countries, by improving the processes of unification and differentiation of criminal law prohibitions related to the use of electronic technologies.

Alat Ukur Kecepatan Angin Permukaan Air Laut Berbasis Mikrokontroler

The microcontroller is one technology that is developing so rapidly with various types and functions, one of which is Arduino Uno which can be used as a microcontroller for various functions in the field of electronics technology. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Ocean Engineering Modeling, Marine and Fisheries Polytechnic of Karawang in March-June 2020. The purpose of this study was to create a microcontroller-based sea surface wind speed measuring instrument. Based on the results of the acquisition of wind data using a fan simulation and natural wind gusts with different wind speeds in the field show a significant tool response. The results of the comparison of data recording between the results of research with the existing wind speed measuring instrument show that there is an average tool error of 3.24%, a relative error of 3.78%, and an instrument accuracy rate of 96.76%. Thus it can be said that the ability of the tool is able to record wind data with high accuracy.

Synthesis and characterization of self-healable poly (acrylamide) hydrogel electrolytes and their application in fabrication of aqueous supercapacitors

With overwhelming progress in the field of electronic technology, self-healable hydrogel electrolyte-based supercapacitors are of significant interest as a power source in wearable energy storage devices. Self-healable hydrogel with unique three-dimensional porous microstructure, unprecedented self-healing, high capacitive energy density, low power density has been synthesized by in situ polymerization of acrylamide in the presence of exfoliated sodium montmorillonite (Na-MMT) clay as non-covalent cross-linker. Furthermore, addition of lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiTF) salt converted the hydrogel into electrolyte for use in supercapacitor. Hydrogel electrolytes were prepared containing 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt% salt (AAM1, AAM2, AAM3, and AAM4), respectively. Acrylamide, clay and salt interactions were explored by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals amorphous nature whereas FTIR and transference number measurements prove the complexation and presence of ionic species in the hydrogel electrolytes. Ionic conductivity and transport studies for hydrogel electrolyte containing 30 wt% of LiTF showed maximum ionic conductivity of 9.34 × 10−3 S/cm and number density of 70.7 × 10 20 cm−3, diffusion coefficient of 2.16 × 10 −9 cm2/s, ionic mobility of 0.854 × 10−7 cm2/V.s among all the synthesized hydrogel electrolytes. The electrochemical performance of the fabricated device disclosed the maximum significant specific capacitance of 102 F/g at 3 mV/s and 157 F/g at 50 mA/g along with power density of 50 W/kg and energy density of 21.59 W h/Kg, respectively for hydrogel electrolyte (AAM3) containing 30 wt% of the LiTF. Self-healing properties of hydrogel electrolyte have been confirmed by its use in supercapacitor where it retained its self-healing properties. The self-healable supercapacitor was used to light up 2 V light emitting diode (LED). Hence, investigations suggest the potential application of the hydrogel electrolytes with 30 wt% LiTF in the supercapacitors.

Printed circuit boards isomorphism: An experimental study

We evaluate the discrimination power of different graph invariants in order to identify an appropriate measurement of similarity among printed circuit boards. We show that computationally expensive algorithmic evaluation of circuit boards equivalence based on the topology of the circuit boards is unnecessary in practice. Instead, the information about the circuit boards can be stored in terms of graph invariants, namely, number sequences characterizing the boards, which requires much less memory and enables quicker recognition of board equivalence. This straightforwardly leads to fast practical implementations of the search engines for the printed circuit boards. Our approach is multidisciplinary, as the tools were drawn from two fields; the industrial electronic engineering field, and the theoretic fields of graph theory and algorithms. A real case study on a search engine for printed circuit boards is conducted to illustrate the proposed approach. Finding an easily computable and complete set of graph invariants remains a challenging mathematical question.

Preface

The 2020 2nd International Conference on Electronic Engineering and Informatics (EEI 2020) was planned to be held on July 17-19, 2020 in Lanzhou, China. The primary goal of the conference is to promote research and developmental activities in Electronic Engineering and Informatics, and another goal is to promote scientific information interchange between researchers, developers, engineers, students, and practitioners working all around the world. But as you know by now, agencies around the world are now issuing restrictions on travel, gatherings, and meetings in an effort to limit and slow the spread of the COVID-19 virus. The health and safety of our participants and members of our research community is of top priority to the EEI 2020 Organizing Committee. However, many scholars and researchers wanted to attend this long-waited conference and have academic exchanges with their peers. Therefore, in order to actively respond the call of the government, and meet author’s request, the EEI 2020, which was planned to be held in Lanzhou, China, is changed to be held online through Zoom software. Through Zoom software, this approach not only reduces people gathering, but also meets their communication needs.The meeting will focus on the latest research fields of “electronics”, “electricity” and “computer application”. More than 100 participants attended the conference, they were from UK, Japan, Malaysia, Turkey, India, China and more. EEI 2020 is to bring together innovative academics and industrial experts in the field of Electronic Engineering and Informatics to a common forum. Like Prof. Ting Yang, the Conference Chairman, from School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, China. His main research interests include energy & power, Internet of things, artificial intelligence and intelligent manufacturing. He performed a thought-provoking speech on Informatics and the Challenge of Technological Determinism. The Program Committee Chair, Prof. Hiroshi Watanabe, from National Chiao Tung University/Dept. Electrical and Computer Engineering, Japan, who held his speech on Concept of Blockchained IoT and its application. The other Keynote Speakers, Prof. Philip T Moore, from School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, China. He is mainly devoted to the teaching and research work of the Intelligent processing, Program, Intelligent Systems, Data structure development, talked about Informatics and the Challenge of Technological Determinism.The proceedings are a compilation of the accepted papers and represent an interesting outcome of the conference. This book covers 3 chapters: electrical, mechanical and computer engineering. All the papers have been through rigorous review and process to meet the requirements of International publication standard.We are really grateful to the International/ National advisory committee, keynote speakers, session chairs, organising committee members. Also, we are thankful to all the authors for contributing a large number of papers in the conference, because of which the conference became a story of success. It was the quality of their presentations and their passion to communicate with the other participants that really make this conference series a great success.The Committee of EEI 2020The Committee member is available in this pdf.

Teaching teamwork to transnational students in engineering and technology

China is producing over 4 million STEM graduates each year. According to the literature, many of these graduates lack the professional skills that are required by the global job market. Consequently, a new course was designed to help Chinese students cultivate the necessary professional knowledge and practical skills in the field of electronic engineering. The aim of this innovative course was to build experience of working in a team to design and develop a rover that can perform specific tasks. The course’s team project covers areas such as electronic design, sensing, instrumentation, measurement, computing, communications, as well as project management, report writing and technical presentation. The learning outcomes and course details are described herein. Furthermore, feedback from 152 Chinese students y is discussed and. Statistical analysis from surveys completed by 152 students are discussed and compared with a similar learning activity that was implemented in the UK. Contrary to popular misconceptions, the survey’s results clearly show that this team based active learning activity was ideally suited to the culture and background of Chinese students.

Teaching Vocational with Technology: A Study of Teaching Aids Applied in Malaysian Vocational Classroom

The Electronic Hardware Repair and Maintenance Course (EHRM) is one of vocational courses at Malaysian Vocational Colleges which have theoretical concepts that students find difficult to understand. Thus, implementation of technological teaching aids (TA) has been expected to help teachers better explain the theoretical concept in this course. The purpose of this study was to identify the various teaching aids applied in EHRM learning sessions as well as to study the usage level of technological teaching aids. This quantitative study was conducted using the questionnaire as the research instrument, the data were analysed descriptively then were reported in percentage and mean. The samples of the study involved 360 students and 106 teachers in the field of Electronic Technology at Malaysian vocational colleges. The findings show that the most widely technological teaching aids used by the Malaysian Vocational college teachers in EHRM classes are radios, televisions, computers and LCD projectors. However, this study found that the use of online material, such as websites, in the EHRM Course is still at low level. This study also indicates that the overall usage of teaching aids in EHRM classes is still at moderate level. Based on the outcome of the study, teaching and learning of EHRM course in Malaysian vocational colleges have been suggested to increase the level of technological teaching aids usage, especially by utilising online-based learning resources to make class sessions more interesting as well as enhancing the student learning outcomes. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.19.7.10

KONTRIBUSI DISIPLIN DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR KETERAMPILAN KOMPUTER DAN PENGELOLAAN INFORMASI (KKPI) SISWA

This study aims to reveal: 1) How much is the contribution of discipline to the learning outcomes of KKPI students in grade 1 at SMK 5 Seluma. 2) How big is the contribution of Motivation to the learning outcomes of KKPI students in grade 1 at Seluma 5ND VOCATIONAL SCHOOL, 3) There is a relationship of discipline and motivation towards learning outcomes in grade 1 students of SMK Negeri 5 Seluma. 4) How much does Discipline and Motivation contribute to KKPI learning outcomes for students in grade 1 at SMK 5 Seluma. This type of research is a descriptive study with an Ex-post facto approach. This descriptive research is correlational, which is the subject of research is grade 1 students in the field of Electronic Engineering 5 Seluma City Vocational School expertise totaling 78 students. The results of this study include: 1) There is a contribution from the discipline to the results of learning computer skills and information management (KKPI) Class I students at SMK Negeri 5 Seluma. Based on a series of data analysis shows that discipline (X1) to learning outcomes (Y) empirically has a significant contribution of = 78.90% (R2). 2) There is a contribution of learning motivation to the results of learning computer skills and information management (KKPI) Class I students at SMK Negeri 5 Seluma. Based on a series of data analysis shows that learning motivation (X2) on learning outcomes (Y) empirically has a significant effect of = 6.8% (R2). 3) There is a relationship of discipline and motivation to the results of learning Computer Skills and Information Management (KKPI) grade 1 students in SMK 5 Seluma by 89.6%. 4) There is a contribution of discipline and learning motivation to the learning outcomes of Computer Skills and Information Management (KKPI) grade 1 students at SMK 5 Seluma, obtained a correlation coefficient of = 0.896 with a coefficient of determination of = 0.803.

A Recent Electronic Control Circuit to a Throttle Device

The main objective of this paper was to conceive a new electronic control circuit to the throttle device. The throttle mechanical actuator is the most important part in an automotive gasoline engine. Among the different control strategies recently reported, an easy to implement control scheme is an open research topic in the analog electronic engineering field. Hence, we propose using the nonlinear dwell switching control theory for an analog electronic control unit, to manipulate an automotive throttle plate. Due to the switching mechanism commuting between a stable and an unstable controllers, the resultant closed-loop system is robust enough to the control objective. This fact is experimentally evidenced. The proposed electronic controller uses operational amplifiers along with an Arduino unit. This unit is just employed to generate the related switching signal that can be replaced by using, for instance, the timer IC555. Thus, this study is a contribution on design and realization of an electronic control circuit to the throttle device.