Field Of Electrical Engineering Research Articles

A Corpus-Based Analysis of Lexical Verbs in L2 Professional Engineering Writing

This study focuses on the use of English lexical verbs in the writings of Malaysian professional engineers. The research objectives were to: (1) identify frequently used lexical verbs in written engineering texts, (2) determine whether these frequent verbs are highly relevant for engineering, and (3) whether the verbs are technical or nontechnical in nature. A total of 20 written texts consisting of official reports, ‗pass down‘ instructions and memos from the fields of electrical, electrical and mechanical engineering were collected. The texts were contributed by non-native English speaking Malaysian engineers from various Malaysian-based companies. The annotated data was analysed using the AntConc 3.5.7 software. All verb forms were found to be used in texts namely the base, the infinitive, the past tense, the third person singular simple present tense, the present continuous and the past participle forms. The corpus contained the highest number of lexical verbs in the base form compared to the singular simple present form which had the lowest occurrence. A further analysis showed that the base form was used in the imperative to relay task instructions to peers or subordinates, while the singular present form may correlate with the infrequent usage of the active form in engineering texts. Of all 30 frequent verbs in the top 5 for each verb form, only eleven can be considered as highly relevant for engineering despite their non-technical nature. The results further suggest that overlaps exist between commonly used non-technical verbs in academic and professional engineering writing.

Pt & Pd decorated CNT as a workable media for SOF2 sensing: A DFT study

Pt or Pd decorated CNTs have received considerable attention in recent years as gas adsorbent and sensors due to their strong catalytic property towards gas interaction. In this work, we theoretical simulated the adsorption process of SF6 decomposed species, namely SOF2 and SO2F2 onto Pt and Pd co-decorated CNT (PtPd-CNT) based on density functional theory (DFT) method, in order to propose novel kind of sensing material applied in the field of electrical engineering. To further elucidate the co-decoration effect of Pt and Pd atoms on the adsorption performance of CNT upon two gases, a cluster of Pt2Pd2 is applied to decorate the CNT surface with gas adsorption process simulated as well. Results indicated that such material has better sensitivity upon SOF2 than SO2F2, given the stronger adsorption behavior and larger change in conductivity after adsorption, showing its potential to be exploited as gas sensors for detection of the former gaseous substance. Our calculation would be meaningful to suggest novel material realizing the operation state evaluation of SF6 devices.

Main Directions of the Russian State Energy Saving Policy in the Field of Electric Power Engineering

The article describes the issues of strategic planning and legal regulation of activities aimed at energy saving and energy efficiency in the Russian Federation. The authors set the goal to determine the directions for strategic planning of the energy saving policy of the Russian Federation based on a comparative legal analysis in order to achieve the goals of sustainable development of an energy­saving economy. The article considers advanced technologies designed to ensure the most effective implementation of the provisions of legal acts adopted in the last decade in Russia. The methodology of this scientific research is the use of hermeneutics, interpreting legal texts and application of formal logical instruments within the system analysis of current Russian strategic planning acts for long­term (medium­term) period to coordinate the activities of economic entities and public authorities in the appropriate direction. Besides, it includes normative acts that establish the legal, economic and organizational basis for stimulating energy conservation and improving energy efficiency as well as legal documents of other countries that determine their policies in this area. The authors come to the conclusion that it is required to consult various specialists, including ophthalmologists, when creating norms of Russian legislation in the field of energy saving; to account for technical and technological characteristics of LED (light emitting diode) modules, chips, other light sources; to take into consideration the possibility of their use in various fields in order to achieve energy efficiency.

Pd-doped MoS2 monolayer: A promising candidate for DGA in transformer oil based on DFT method

Density functional theory (DFT) method was carried out to simulate the adsorption of three dissolved gases on Pd-doped MOS2 (Pd-MoS2) monolayer. We initially studied the possible structures of Pd-MoS2 monolayer and found that the Pd dopant preferred to be adsorbed onto the surface by TMo site. The adsorption and desorption performance, along with the sensing principle of Pd-MoS2 towards three typical gases, including H2, CH4 and C2H2, were analyzed. These analysis indicated that Pd-MoS2 could be a satisfied material for C2H2 and H2 sensing at specific condition; while it is unsuitable for detection of CH4 due to the weak interaction and extremely short recovery time. All these give a first insight into the application of Pd-MoS2 for DGA, evaluating the working operation of the transformer through sensitive detection of H2 and C2H2. We are hopeful that this work would support informative knowledge for experimentalists to realize the potential of Pd-MoS2 in the field of electrical engineering in the near future.

Errors of electronic meters of electric energy

Problem. The people’s demand for electricity has been growing year after year. This requires increasing the generation of electricity and reducing its losses on the way to a consumer. There is also a necessity to keep records of energy consumption. The main indicators characterizing the effectiveness of information and measuring technologies in the metering system are the accuracy of given measuring information and its reliability. The process of obtaining the information should be automated in order to provide the measuring information on time. In the electricity metering system, this is determined by the measuring principles and the quality of the metering system. Goal. Estimation of the errors of measuring transformers of different accuracy types, making recommendations on the choice of measuring transformers of different accuracy types and determining the ways to reduce any errors. Methodology. The methods of the theory of electromagnetic field and theoretical basis of electrical engineering have been used in the analysis and study of measuring transformer errors. The symbolic method of complex amplitudes and the methods of vector algebra have been applied to determine voltage errors and current errors. Results. The estimation of an error of measuring transformers of different accuracy types has been carried out. The recommendations on the choice of measuring transformers of different accuracy types have been made, and the main ways of reducing errors have been defined. Originality. The methods for estimating errors by current transformers and voltage transformers have been further developed. The methods of estimating errors in electric energy meters have been developed. The method of choosing current transformers has been improved taking into account various operational factors. Practical value. Any error of a current transformer depends on its loading capacity. The methods for reducing such errors have been defined. The factors that must be taken into account when applying the method of selecting current transformers aimed at reducing an error have been presented. The application of the given method of choosing current transformers will result in improvement of the measuring equipment value. This will increase the accuracy of the information being measured and allow reducing an error margin to a minimum value.Key words:current transformers; voltage transformers; electronic meters; meters of electrical energy; errors; measuring transformers.

TO THE 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF UKRAINE – THE CRADLE OF DOMESTIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Purpose . Preparation of short scientifically-historical essay about creation and development of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) of Ukraine. Methodology. Known scientific methods of collection, analysis and analytical treatment of scientific and technical information, touching creation and development of NAS of Ukraine and resulted in scientific monographs, journals and internet-reports . Results. A short scientifically-historical essay is presented about creation and development of NAS of Ukraine. The main scientific achievements of NAS of Ukraine in various fields of science are presented. It is pointed that a large scientifically-organizational contribution to these achievements brought by present President of NAS of Ukraine, Academician B.Ye. Paton, his 100th Birthday (27 November, 2018) coincides surprising appearance with the 100th anniversary of NAS of Ukraine. An important role of NAS of Ukraine in the development of society and international scientific and technical cooperation was noted. The results of scientific research, achieved over the past few years by the Institute of Technical Problems of Magnetism of the NAS of Ukraine (Kharkiv), as well as by the Institute of Ionosphere of the NAS and Departments of education and science (DES) of Ukraine (Kharkiv) are briefly presented. The research cooperation in the field of electrical engineering of NTU «KhPI» with scientific institutions of the NAS of Ukraine is highlighted. Originality. Certain systematization is executed of known from scientific journals and other mass of scientific and technical materials, touching the results of activity of research workers of institutes of NAS of Ukraine in the last few years. Practical value. Scientific popularization and deepening for the students of higher school, engineer-technical and scientific workers, working in the different sectors of economy of country, scientific and technical knowledge in an area of physical-technical and mathematical sciences, chemical and biological sciences, and also social and humanitarian sciences, extending their scientific range of interests and further development of scientific and technical progress in society.

Pt-doped single-walled CNT as a superior media for evaluating the operation status of insulation devices: A first-principle study

Detecting SF6 decomposed species by chemical gas sensors has been accepted as a workable method to estimate the operation status of insulation devices in electrical engineering. Functioned by transition metals, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) would be provided with enhanced sensitivity and response towards gas molecules due to the high catalytic activity of metals for gas interaction. This has been the focus of attention in recent years. In this paper, the adsorption of three SF6 decomposed components (SO2F2, SO2 and H2S) onto Pt-doped CNT were simulated based on density function theory method. Results indicated that Pt-CNT has the best sensitivity to H2S causing remarkably conductivity change accordingly, followed by SO2, and the last one comes to SO2F2. Pt dopant exerts great impacts on adsorption of gas molecules onto CNT surface through providing active adsorption sites for CNT support. Our calculation results would be meaningful to suggest advanced sensing materials being applied in the field of electrical engineering.

Theoretical development of suitable test scenarios for the determination of the bending tensile strength of thin glass with or without influence of edges and their experimental implementation

ABSTRACTThe use of thin glass in the field of electrical engineering for screens of mobile phones or laptops is well known and the necessary material requirements such the scratch resistance has been sufficiently researched. For applications in the building sector, however, the determination of the bending tensile strength of such thin glass necessary for structural design represents a new research topic. The test scenarios described in the standard series EN 1288 relevant for the determination of the bending tensile strength, such as the ring‐on‐ring test or the four‐point‐bending test, are not applicable for glass with a thickness of less than 3 mm. One reason is e.g. the high flexibility of the glass in case of four‐point‐bending tests. As a consequence, these test scenarios have to be adapted or new test scenarios have to be developed. The double‐ring bending tensile test was adapted in that the loading ring, e.g. was replaced by a pressure pad of soft elastomer. Thus, a constant stress distribution in the area under the pressure pad necessary for the determination of the probability of failure could be achieved. The four‐point‐bending test was replaced by test set‐ups in which the force is introduced in‐plane – parallel to the glass surface – as a membrane force in the glass and the glass is thereby deformed or bent until breakage analogous to a stability test. Another variant is bending with a constant bending radius. In this test set‐up, a circular arc is created by precise adjustment of the distance of the supported smaller straight edges and their rotation. Thus, the length of the edge, at which sets a constant bending moment can be increased. These alternative test scenarios were theoretically developed and analysed or partially experimentally investigated by means of test series. These experimental series serve to validate the theoretical development of suitable experimental scenarios and are intended to provide a first approach for a necessary adaptation of EN 1288.

Analytic continuation as the origin of complex distances in impedance approximations

Engineering approximations of physical systems sometimes produce models in which real-valued model-based physical-distances are added to complex-valued distances and/or (for electrical systems), real-valued current/charge image intensities are replaced with complex-valued quantities. These models are arrived at often using ad hoc approximations that allow infinite integrals or series to be approximated in closed form. Arriving at accurate ad hoc approximations in a compatible analytic form is often the difficult step in the derivation of these approximations. In this paper, we show that this difficult ad hoc step can be replaced for many classes of functions with the use of analytic continuation via Padé approximants, along with some reasonable engineering judgement. We apply our approach to several existing approximations in the electrical engineering field (overhead transmission line impedance, underground cable impedance and Green’s functions used in ground potential rise calculations) and show that these approximations can be derived elegantly, without the need for grand leaps of insight, and provide a basis for both distance parameters and current/charge intensities that are complex-valued.

SOCIAL MANAGEMENT AND PRIORITIES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE ELECTRICITY MARKET IN UKRAINE

The potential of development of the market of electric energy on the basis of social management is explored. It is substantiated that efficient functioning, as well as management of the development of the market of electric energy, is impossible without the formulation of new strategies that allow enterprises and organizations to better respond to the needs of consumers, partners, and society; based on the awareness of not only economic, but also social and environmental responsibility; based on the balance of interests of all interested parties; require finding common positive vectors for business and society development, and harmonizing the goals and objectives of the business with a view to making profit by solving social and environmental problems of the society. The possibility of applying the principles of social management in the market of electric energy has been studied taking into account possibilities of adaptation to the modern conditions of Ukraine of the world experience of implementation of innovative projects of social direction in the field of electric power engineering. The features and dynamics of indicators of functioning and development of the market of electric energy, in particular, the branch markets of alternative energy, renewable energy sources in the world and in Ukraine, for the purpose of revealing the socio-economic consequences of these processes for the states concerned and their citizens, are explored.

Bioinspired Design of Strong, Tough, and Thermally Stable Polymeric Materials via Nanoconfinement.

The combination of high strength, great toughness, and high heat resistance for polymeric materials is a vital factor for their practical applications. Unfortunately, until now it has remained a major challenge to achieve this performance portfolio because the mechanisms of strength and toughness are mutually exclusive. In the natural world, spider silk features the combination of high strength, great toughness, and excellent thermal stability, which are governed by the nanoconfinement of hydrogen-bonded β-sheets. Here, we report a facile bioinspired methodology for fabricating advanced polymer composite films with a high tensile strength of 152.8 MPa, a high stiffness of 4.35 GPa, and a tensile toughness of 30.3 MJ/m3 in addition to high thermal stability (69 °C higher than that of the polymer matrix) only by adding 2.0 wt % of artificial β-sheets. The mechanical and thermostable performance portfolio is superior to that of its counterparts developed to date because of the nanoconfinement and hydrogen-bond cross-linking effects of artificial β-sheets. Our study offers a facile biomimetic strategy for the design of integrated mechanically robust and thermostable polymer materials, which hold promise for many applications in electrical devices and tissue engineering fields.

Enhanced magnetoelectric voltage in ferrite/PZT/ferrite composite for AC current sensor application

In this paper, we report the fabrication of a rare-earth free current sensor based on a PZT/NiCoZn-ferrite magnetoelectric (ME) trilayer composite disk. To improve the sensitivity of the sensor, the structure uses an in-plane series connection, which increases the ME voltage by two for a fixed volume. Then, we propose a full characterization of the sensor: electrical modeling, low and high frequency limits, sensitivity, linearity, distortion and resolution. The device is also evaluated under sinus, square, and triangle waveform currents, which are excitation signals commonly used in the field of electrical engineering. The current sensor shows high current sensitivity (90 mV/A), good linearity from 0.001 to 30 A and low added impedance (0.01 Ω) in a frequency range of 10 Hz–30 kHz for a very compact structure (4 cm3). It also exhibits a high resolution of 1 mA (for a 1 A peak signal) and good stability.

Origins of the IEEE Medal of Honor [Scanning Our Past

The Medal of Honor is the IEEE’s most prestigious award for meritorious accomplishments in the fields of electronics and electrical engineering. Since 1917, the most important contributors to these fields have received the Medal in recognition of their critical roles in laying the foundations of the modern electric world. This article presents the story of the Medal, its origins, connections to other major awards, and its legacy of honor.1

Exploration on the Teaching Reform of the Course of Introduction to Rail Transit in Engineering Education

According to the requirements for the talents cultivation in the engineering education certification of the area-application-oriented institutes, the paper analyses the deficiency of current teaching situation, proposes the teaching reform from teaching idea, teaching content, teaching methods and examining forms of the introduction to rail transit at School of Automation & Electrical Engineering in Lanzhou Jiao Tong University, furthermore, a class as a pilot teaching analyses the effect of teaching. The teaching reform, based on the close combination of teaching and learning with engineering practice, achieves comprehensive examination to the learning effect, reflects objectivity and impartiality of assessment methods, improves the ability of analyzing and exploring problems, promotes students' learning enthusiasm and confidence in learning professional knowledge, and lays the foundation for training innovative backbone in electrical engineering field.

The Development of Ukrainian Electric Power Engineering Terminology: The “Golden Decade”

The objective of this work is to analyze the inception process of the Ukrainian electric power engineering terminology (UEPET). The task is to analyze one of the developmental stages of UEPET – the basis of the UEPE terminology system, known as the “Golden Decade”. In order to achieve this goal, we researched and outlined timelines of this stage in UEPET development, as well as analyzed the source and course of development and accession of UEPET during the aforementioned period.Research has shown that the second stage of UEPET formation took place during the 1920s and 1930s. Substantiation of UEPET occurred throughout this timeframe.The 1920s formed a decade of rapid evolution of electric power engineering in Ukraine. At that time, outstanding achievements of academic electric power engineers in connection with the emergence of new terminology caused a sudden demand for compilation and normalization of a national terminological system. At the beginning of 1925, the Technical Department of Ukrainian Academic Language established an electrical engineering section. This work attracted leading scholars, who created registers of terminology and also derived terms and lexical material from professional literature, dictionaries, and literary sources. UEPET formed at the beginning of the 1930s a conceptual terminological database, which reinforced a need for scholars. The lexicographical work of M. Darmoros, L. Darmoros, V. Dubrovskyi, K. Polonoskyi, F. Kalynovych, K.Turkalo, and other scholars, devoted to the terminology of other sectors, did not overlook the terminological lexicon that served the field of electric power engineering during this developmental phase. “Dictionary of Technical Terminology (General)” by I. Sheludko, T. Sadovskyi and “Dictionary of Technical Terminology (Electrical Engineering)” by I. Sheludko became the basis for modern UEPET. These works in terminography are, in our opinion, the greatest achievement in Ukrainian electric power engineering lexicography of the first half of the 20th century.

Effective Strategies to Teach Operations Research to Non-Mathematics Majors

Operations Research (OR) is the discipline of applying advanced analytical methods to help make better decisions (Horner (2003)). OR is characterized by its broad applicability and its interdisciplinary nature. Currently, in addition to mathematics, many other undergraduate programs such as management sciences, business, economics, electrical engineering, civil engineering, chemical engineering, and related fields, have incorporated some topics in OR in their curricula (Ramirez et al. (2004)). Therefore the course content and teaching strategies used to teach an OR course should be effectively aligned with the students' objectives and course goals in the host department. Based on the existing literature, in this paper we discuss five strategies to enhance the teaching of OR skills that are essential for students in practical disciplines. Instructors should use an optimal dosage of each of these teaching strategies depending on the background of the students and their expectations from the course.

Current integrated technique for insulation diagnosis of water-tree degraded cable

The diagnosis of insulation performance in the high-voltage alternating current (HVAC) and high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems has always attracted many researchers in the field of electrical engineering. New diagnostic technology and condition monitoring apparatus are of prime importance for HVAC and HVDC developments. In this study, we introduce a valuable technique called direct current integrated charge (DCIC-Q(t)) for determining the degradation of insulating materials by means of charge accumulation. This work demonstrates the typical results of full-size cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) cables by using this effective method. Firstly, we describe the basic measurement principle of DCIC-Q(t) technique and the evaluation details of the degradation. Then, the validity of this technique is confirmed by comparing with the pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) results. The similar charge behaviors of polystyrene and low-density polyethylene are presented via the DCIC-Q(t) and PEA methods, which indicates the good availability of this technique. Three underground, full-size, 6.6-kV XLPE cables were diagnosed using the DCIC-Q(t) method. Two cables were degraded by water and electric stress for a different time under controlled conditions. The degradation extent can be evaluated easily by the charge accumulation from the DCIC-Q(t) results. Furthermore, based on the results of charge dynamics related to the applied voltage, the properties of the degraded cable by water tree are discussed.

Origins of the IEEE Edison Medal [Scanning Our Past

The Edison Medal is one of the most prestigious awards given in the United States and Canada recognizing meritorious accomplishments in the fields of electronics and electrical engineering. The year 2009 marked the 100th anniversary of this medal named in honor of America's most famous inventor, Thomas Alva Edison. Edison's work exemplifies the development of large scale industrial research laboratories, the creation of new technology, and the installation of the first complete electrical systems in the 19th century. For more than a century, many important contributors to the development of electronics have received the Edison Medal over its storied history. This article outlines the origins of the Edison Medal and its legacy of honor 1 .

Development and Evaluation of New Material Measure with Chirp Form for Surface Texture Instruments

This study designs and develops a new material measure with a chirp form. Material measures are measurement standards for calibration, verification, and inspection. Since material measures are essential for ensuring the traceability of surface texture instruments, we have been developing a manufacturing system to provide them. ISO 5436-1:2000 contains material measures with sinusoidal wave forms, random wave forms, triangular wave forms, trapezoidal wave forms, cusp forms, rectangular forms, etc. However, ISO 5436-1:2000 does not contain a material measure with a chirp (sweep) form. Therefore, we propose a material measure with a chirp form. Chirp signals are frequently used for various analyses in the fields of mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, physics, and others. The primary purpose of the proposed material measure with a chirp form is to rapidly and simply examine the characteristics and capabilities of implemented Gaussian filters. We designed the surface form of the material measure as a logarithmic chirp form to maximize the utility of the primary purpose in this study. The wavelength of the manufactured chirp form varies logarithmically in the lateral (x) direction. This paper presents the following five points: 1) the design and development of the material measure with a chirp form, 2) the application of the proposed material measure to the examination of the attenuation characteristics of implemented Gaussian filters, 3) the application of the proposed material measure to obtain the deformation of the roughness form due to the implemented Gaussian filters, 4) the application of the proposed material measure to specify the algorithm of the implemented Gaussian filters, and 5) the possibility of another application of the material measure with a chirp form.

Synthesis of 2D Zn-Co LDH nanosheets by a successive ionic layer deposition method as a material for electrodes of high-performance alkaline battery-supercapacitor hybrid devices.

In recent years, increasing attention directed at creating novel two-dimensional graphene-like materials, in particular materials based on oxides or hydroxides of transition metals, as they have a number of unique properties, which determine the perspective of their application in various fields of electronics and electrical engineering, as well as in energy storage devices. In this paper we propose a novel promising route for the synthesis of nanolayer layered double hydroxides on the basis of zinc and cobalt by a successive ionic layer deposition method. The obtained nanolayers were characterized by SEM, EDX, XRD, HRTEM, XPS and FT-IR. The results show the synthesized nanolayers were formed from two-dimensional nanocrystals with the thickness of about 6–9 nm and the morphology of the so-called “nanosheets” with the hydrotalcite-like crystal structure of an LDH. In addition, the obtained nanolayers were investigated as electrode materials for alkaline battery–supercapacitor hybrid devices and demonstrated a high specific capacitance (270 mA h g−1 at 1 A g−1) and excellent electrochemical stability (3% drop in capacity after 1000 charge–discharge cycles).