Field Of Dermatology Research Articles

Dermatology Publications on COVID-19 during the First Pandemic Year: Creativity or Opportunism?

Dermatologists had to face several challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this scenario, a large amount of data has been produced and published. We present a literature analysis of publications on COVID-19 in the dermatology field in the first year of the pandemic. The research was carried out by searching the PubMed database using keywords related to "COVID-19" combined with the keyword "Dermatology" in the "affiliation" search field and collecting articles published from February 2020 to December 2020. A total of 816 publications from 57 countries were retrieved. Overall, publications increased notably along the timespan considered in this study and appeared to be closely linked to pandemic progression in different countries. In addition, article types (i.e., commentaries, case reports, original research) appeared to be strictly influenced by the pandemic's progression. However, the number and category of these publications may raise questions regarding the scientific relevance of the messages reported. Our analysis provides a descriptive quantitative analysis and suggests that publications do not always respond to real scientific needs but are sometimes linked to a need/opportunity for publication.

HISTO-PATHOLOGICAL SPECTRUM OF SKIN LESIONS IN TERTIARY CARE CENTRE: A THREE YEAR STUDY

Introduction: The largest sensory organ of human body is the skin, which accounts for about 15% of total body weight. It is a complex organ having multiple functions. Primarily it acts as a barrier against various harmful environmental agents (1).Skin diseases affect all age groups and are much common in developing countries. In the field of dermatology, 2000 different skin diseases are well known(2) Objectives: The objectives of the study were as follows: (1) To estimate the prevalence of various non-neoplastic and neoplastic skin lesions in our tertiary care hospital. (2) To study the age and sex-wise distribution of non-neoplastic and neoplastic skin lesions. Methods: The present study comprised a total of 102 skin biopsies of non-neoplastic lesions and neoplastic skin lesions, relevant data like age, sex, and sites of skin lesion were obtained from request forms provided to histopathology section. Specimens received were fixed in 10% formalin. Biopsy bits were submitted as whole and processed in automated tissue processor for routine paraffin embedding. Results: Out of 102 biopsies that were analyzed, most belonged to 21- 60years with slight male predominance with a total of 85 cases being Non-Neoplastic skin lesions, of which Chronic dermatitis 18 (28.5%) was the most common histopathological diagnosis, followed by Hansens disease 21(24.7%) among granulomatous skin disease, and a total of 17 cases of neoplastic skin lesions were identified of which dermatofibroma 2(11.8%) and eccrine spiradenoma 2(11.8%) were the benign variants , and Squamous cell carcinoma 3(17.6%) was the most common malignant variant. Conclusion: Histopathological evaluation of skin biopsies holds gold standard technique for diagnosing various skin lesions and their microscopic evaluation helps in assessing variegated morphological features of different types of skin lesions.

Aesthetic Dermatology, The Rising Trend

Aesthetic Dermatology, also known as cosmetic dermatology provides treatment for skin, hair or body that emphasizes on improving an individual’s appearance. It is widely conducted to treat conditions such as moles, wrinkles, scars, excess fat, skin discoloration, skin laxity, and cellulite. Benefits such as minimally invasive or non-invasive and relatively less time-consumption with better outcomes has foster the patients to seek these treatments. With soaring demand for these treatments, numerous myths and misconceptions regarding the field of aesthetic dermatology have arisen which need to addressed. Also, this constantly evolving field with new devices and tools requires extra vigilance, continue medical education and a governing body to have check upon negligent professional activity, if occurs any

Evolving teledermatology policy and reimbursement landscape in the United States

Policymakers and payers are reevaluating the temporary telehealth flexibilities granted during the COVID-19 public health emergency, which will shape future teledermatology utilization. To summarize the recently expanded telehealth flexibilities in the United States, projected changes, and corresponding implications for dermatologists. Narrative review of the literature, United States policies and regulations, and white paper reports. Key telehealth flexibilities included expansion of payment parity, relaxation of originating site requirements, loosening of state licensure requirements, and HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996) enforcement discretion. These changes enabled widespread accessibility and adoption of teledermatology, which enhanced high-quality and cost-effective dermatologic care. Most waivers will end 151days following the end of the public health emergency declaration. Notably, asynchronous telehealth was not included in the reimbursement expansion. Only policies and regulations through December 2022 are included. It will be important for the field of dermatology to stay abreast of the upcoming changes in telemedicine policies and reimbursement, to demonstrate teledermatology's value through evidence-based studies and to advocate for enduring policies that will promote the accessibility of teledermatology for patients.

A call for implementing augmented intelligence in pediatric dermatology

Augmented intelligence (AI), the combination of artificial based intelligence with human intelligence from a practitioner, has become an increased focus of clinical interest in the field of dermatology. Technological advancements have led to the development of deep-learning based models to accurately diagnose complex dermatological diseases such as melanoma in adult datasets. Models for pediatric dermatology remain scarce, but recent studies have shown applications in the diagnoses of facial infantile hemangiomas and X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia; however, we see unmet needs in other complex clinical scenarios and rare diseases, such as diagnosing squamous cell carcinoma in patients with epidermolysis bullosa. Given the still limited number of pediatric dermatologists, especially in rural areas, AI has the potential to help overcome health disparities by helping primary care physicians treat or triage patients.

An exemplary model of genetic counselling for highly specialised services.

With genomic testing being increasingly integrated into every day clinical practice and a wide range of practitioners ordering genetic tests, it is important that the scope of the genetic counselling role continues to evolve alongside these changes. We present an exemplary role for genetic counsellors in a highly specialised service within England's National Health Service for people who have or are suspected to have rare genetic types of Ehlers Danlos syndrome. The service employs genetic counsellors and consultants from the fields of genetics and dermatology. The service also works closely with other specialists and related charities and patient organisations. The genetic counsellors in the service provide routine genetic counselling such as diagnostic and predictive testing, but their role also includes the writing of patient literature and emergency and well-being resources, delivering workshops and talks, and the development of qualitative and quantitative research on the patient experience. Data from such research has informed the development of patient self-advocacy and supportive resources, raised awareness amongst healthcare professionals and enhanced the standard of care and outcomes for patients. The service aims to be an example of innovation and accessibility and provides a model that can be potentially adopted by other highly specialised services of rare genetic diseases.

Efficacy of microneedling with injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) for facial skin rejuvenation

Objective: Autologous blood concentrates have been used in the field of aesthetics for more than two decades. Injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) remains more advantageous than other concentrates because it can both initiate fibrin clotting and preserve the secretion of growth factors to promote tissue repair. This study was performed to assess the effectiveness of microneedling therapy with i-PRF for facial skin revitalization using validated patient-reported outcome measures. Methods: Twelve patients with facial wrinkles were enrolled in the study. Their ages ranged from 26 to 71 years. Three i-PRF therapy sessions were offered at 4-week intervals. The patients’ photographs were taken at all sessions without exception and throughout the treatment course. The results were clinically evaluated after the final stage of therapy. All 12 patients’ data were statistically analyzed. Results: Three i-PRF sessions resulted in moderate improvement in the patients’ skin texture, color, and elasticity as well as filling of soft wrinkles. Statistically significant improvement was found in both skin elasticity (P = 0.02) and filling of soft wrinkles (P = 0.001). No complications occurred in any of the three treatment sessions, and the treatments were well tolerated by all patients. Conclusions: The literature indicates that i-PRF has been a favorable substitute for platelet-rich plasma in all settings in which it has been used. Nevertheless, further trials involving large numbers of patients are required to verify the promising results of i-PRF in the field of dermatology.

Premedical Student Interest in and Exposure to Dermatology at Howard University.

We conducted a cross-sectional survey study of premedical undergraduate students at Howard University (Washington, DC), to evaluate the level of interest that underrepresented in medicine (UiM) premedical students have in the field of dermatology. The 19-question survey assessed student knowledge, opinions, and exposure to dermatology. Dermatology is an area of great interest for UiM premedical students that has few avenues available for exposure and learning. In dermatologic care, race-concordant mentoring is highly valued by UiM premedical students. Increased shadowing, research, and general events geared to dermatology could help improve the disparity between UiM interest in dermatology and actualizing the goal of becoming a dermatologist.

Edukasi Krim Berbahaya Mengandung Merkuri & Cara Cek BPOM pada Siswa Siswi SMAN 1 Alalak

Excessive attention to aesthetic skin problems, the widespread use of cosmetics by the public with all the positive and negative impacts received by the skin, have also brought developments in medical science in general, in the field of Dermatology in particular. The purpose of carrying out community service activities in the form of counseling about "Education on dangerous creams containing mercury & how to check BPOM" is to educate and provide information about dangerous creams containing mercury and how to check BPOM on beauty products used to pay attention to the use of cosmetics, especially creams on the face and how to respond to the circulation of cosmetics with dangerous chemicals. Community Service activities in the context of counseling, information and education for high school students regarding safe and dangerous cosmetics have been well implemented. Initially, in the pretest, only 5 of 5 questions were correct with 19 students out of a total of 33 students, then in the posttest, they answered 5 out of 5 questions correctly with 21 students out of a total of 28 students. This means experiencing success in increasing knowledge after holding educational activities.

Efficacy of Endolift laser for arm and under abdomen fat reduction.

Noninvasive laser for body fat contouring is a quickly growing field in the cosmetic dermatology. Surgical options carry disadvantages, such as the usage of anesthetics, swelling, pain and long time for recovery, so there is a growing public request for the techniques with fewer side effects and shorter recovery periods. Several new noninvasive body contouring ways have been advanced such as, cryolipolysis radiofrequency energy, suction-massage, high-frequency focused ultrasound, and laser therapy. Noninvasive laser improves the body's appearance by the elimination of excess adipose tissue, specifically in areas in which fat perseveres in spite of diet and exercise. In this study the efficacy of Endolift laser was evaluated for reduction of excess fat in the arms and under abdomen. Ten patients with excess fat in the arms and under abdomen were enrolled in this study. The patients were treated by Endolift laser in the arms and under abdomen areas. The outcomes were evaluated by two blinded board certified dermatologists and by patients' satisfaction. The circumference of each arm and under abdomen was measured using a flexible tape measure. The results showed reduction in the fat and circumference of arms and under abdomen after treatment. The treatment was considered as effective methods with high patient satisfaction. Also no severe adverse effects were reported. Endolift laser can be a good alternative to surgical body fat contouring due to its efficacy, safety, minimal recovery time, low cost. Also Endolift laser does not require general anesthetics.

The Molecular Mechanisms underlying the Therapeutic Effect of Berberine in Inflammatory Skin Diseases

Clinical therapy of chronic inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis is extremely difficult. Recently, the use of a number of traditional herbal medicines has been attempted to treat these skin diseases. Orengedokuto is a traditional herbal medicine consisting of four crude natural medicines, and in the field of dermatology, it is used to treat skin diseases accompanied by inflammation and pruritus. Our recent animal study showed that berberine, a major component of Orengedokuto, improves skin inflammation and itching in mice with atopy-like dermatitis. Furthermore, we identified EIF3F and MALT1 as factors involved in the suppression of cytokine production by berberine. In addition, berberine also activates AMP-activated protein kinase, which is involved in the expression of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, berberine also attenuates epidermal hyperplasia though the inhibition of CDC6 expression. Taken together, these findings indicate that berberine improves inflammatory skin diseases by controlling gene expression related to both inflammation, anti-inflammation and keratinocyte hyperproliferation.

The Role of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Approaches for the Detection of Skin Cancer.

Machine learning (ML) can enhance a dermatologist's work, from diagnosis to customized care. The development of ML algorithms in dermatology has been supported lately regarding links to digital data processing (e.g., electronic medical records, Image Archives, omics), quicker computing and cheaper data storage. This article describes the fundamentals of ML-based implementations, as well as future limits and concerns for the production of skin cancer detection and classification systems. We also explored five fields of dermatology using deep learning applications: (1) the classification of diseases by clinical photos, (2) der moto pathology visual classification of cancer, and (3) the measurement of skin diseases by smartphone applications and personal tracking systems. This analysis aims to provide dermatologists with a guide that helps demystify the basics of ML and its different applications to identify their possible challenges correctly. This paper surveyed studies on skin cancer detection using deep learning to assess the features and advantages of other techniques. Moreover, this paper also defined the basic requirements for creating a skin cancer detection application, which revolves around two main issues: the full segmentation image and the tracking of the lesion on the skin using deep learning. Most of the techniques found in this survey address these two problems. Some of the methods also categorize the type of cancer too.

Silicone Models for Dermatological Education: Assessment of a New Teaching Tool by Dermatologists.

The coronavirus pandemic forced universities to transfer academic curricula into the digital realm and calls for the introduction of new teaching methods to adequately compensate for the limited in-patient training. Especially in the field of dermatology, the use of 3D models presents an interesting opportunity to maintain the teaching of diagnostically essential sensory and haptic characteristics of primary lesions. We developed a prototype silicone model and presented it to the medical service of the Department of Dermatology of the Ludwig-Maximilians University for evaluation. Silicone models demonstrating primary skin lesions were produced by using negative 3D-printed molds and different types of silicone. An online survey obtained evaluations from a group of dermatologists regarding the quality of previously supplied silicone 3D models and their potential use in medical education. Data from 58 dermatologists were collected and analyzed. The majority of the participants rated the models overall as positive and innovative, providing constructive feedback for additional modifications, and recommended further implementation into the regular curriculum as an additional tool after the end of the pandemic. Our study underlined the possible advantages of using 3D models as a supplement in educational training even after the end of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

A NOVEL EXPLORATORY APPROACH OF VALIDATION AND STANDARDIZATION FOR TEST METHODS AND EVALUATORS TO CONDUCT SAFETY AND EFFICACY CLINICAL TESTING OF HAIR GROWTH PRODUCTS

Background: There is an explosion of cosmeceuticals and hair products in the modern world. Despite the high prevalence and impact on quality of life, there are no gold standards for qualitative and quantitative methods are established available for standardization and validation purposes. This study aimed to standardize Aims: the hair tests and methodology for all researchers. It demonstrates the standardize and validate the methods (Non-invasive and SemiInvasive methods) such as the 60-second hair combing test, pull test, pluck test, trichogram review, phototrichogram test, standardizing the hair growth rate measurement, scoring of hair quality general appearance and scalp condition - evaluations techniques and procedural steps. This study standardized and validated different variabl Methods: es and all the above-mentioned techniques and procedural steps which were assessed by phototrichogram and equipment such as CASLite Nova on healthy adult human subjects. The positive correlation was shown between th Results: e Dermatologist and the Dermatologist's Trained Evaluators' and these correlations were highly significant for all three evaluators. During phototrichogram evaluations, all pairs p-values were found >0.05 (except pairs 15 and 17), showing that there was no statistically significant difference in the mean value of the evaluator. All the p-value for the pull test of independence is not significant for pull test results and showed that all three evaluators (evaluator#1, 2, 3) values are dependent and related to each other's showing a correlation among them. For the pluck test, the results of the evaluators' readings the Pearson correlation is near to “+1 or +0.5” for Evaluators #1 and 2 indicating that there was a positive correlation between the Dermatologist and Evaluators #1 and 2. We established the standards to perfo Conclusions: rm test methods with the least minimal variability for phototrichogram, microscopical evaluation, and statistically significant correlations between the evaluator for the above-mentioned techniques, and statistically significant correlation between the dermatologist and evaluators to confirm that the designated evaluator is Dermatologist Trained and Validated to perform the methods efficacy claims substantiation for Hair Growth products. This standardization will assist the post graduate students as well as practitioners in the field of research and dermatology.

Skin in the Game: An Analysis of Venture Capital Investment in Dermatology from 2002 to 2021

Skin in the Game: An Analysis of Venture Capital Investment in Dermatology from 2002 to 2021

Protective Effects of Rapeseed Flower on Ultraviolet B-induced Skin Photoaging in Rats

Background and Aim: Photoaging is a chronic ultraviolet (UV)-induced damage, attracting in skin appearance, which is so important in the field of cosmetic dermatology. Recently, antioxidants involved in Rapeseed flower and its products have been considered one of the readily accessible sources and might have beneficial implications on the photoaging. This study was designed to investigate protective effects of Rapeseed flower extract on UVBinduced skin photoaging in vivo. Methods: The plant flower was extracted with aqueous ethanol (90%). Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups of 10 animals each. Each group was administrated the extract in different doses and irradiated UVB radiation for 4 weeks. The degree of protection was quantified through the skin antioxidant enzyme activities including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT), as well as the contents of glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydroxyproline (HP). Results: Rapeseed flower extract inhibited the UVB-induced photoaging on rat skin by increasing SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, GSH, HP and decreasing MDA levels significantly compared to control group. Conclusion: Collectively, these data indicated that Rapeseed flower extract could be used as a safe and natural antioxidant for the protection of UVB-induced skin photoaging in vivo.

The reporting requirements of case reports and adherence of case report reporting guidelines in medical journals: an analysis of the authors’ guide sections

BackgroundOwing to the growth of case reports and changes in the policy of journals in publishing this evidence, the need to standardize them is felt more than before. Therefore, in this study, the authors’ guide of medical journals indexed in the Scopus database that published most of the case reports has been analyzed to identify the reporting requirements and emerging case report types.MethodsA total of 50 journals were selected from the Scopus citation database (the world’s largest knowledge base) that published most of the case reports. These and the authors’ guideline section on the types and requirements of writing case reports were analyzed by inductive content analysis.ResultsMost of the case reports were published in the fields of dermatology and surgery and general medicine. Reporting requirements in author’s guide are grouped in four categories: (1) reasons for publication or content value, (2) emphasis on the patient consent form and confidentiality, (3) emphasizing the constraints on the word count and limitation, and (4) recommendation for structure and reporting elements. In terms of adherence to the reporting guidelines, 76% of journals do not adhere to any reporting guideline. In addition, 13 types of case reports were identified in these journals, among which traditional case reports, clinical image, letters, and case series were the most widely used formats.ConclusionsImproving the publication processes of case reports has been left unattended by international organizations. The policies of journals need to become more integrated, and reporting guidelines should be modified or redeveloped to enhance the quality of publications, cover different reporting requirements, and consequently, benefit from the evidence value available in case reports.

Recent advances in cutaneous HPV infection

More than 200 types of human papillomavirus (HPV) have been reported to date and have been associated with various dermatological diseases. Among dermatological diseases, viral verrucae are the most commonly reported to be associated with HPV. Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) consists of three types: typical EV is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder with TMC6/TMC8 gene mutations, atypical EV develops due to various gene mutations that cause immunodeficiency, and acquired EV develops due to acquired immunodeficiency. Generalized verrucosis differs from EV in that it involves numerous verrucous nodules (mainly on the limbs), histopathologically no blue cells as seen in EV, and infection with cutaneous α-HPVs as well as β-HPVs. HPV-induced skin malignancies include squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) caused by β-HPV (especially HPV types 5 and 8) in EV patients, organ transplant recipients, and healthy individuals, and SCC of the vulva and nail unit caused by mucosal high-risk HPV infection. Carcinogenesis of β-HPV is associated with sunlight. Mucosal high-risk HPV-associated carcinomas may also be sexually transmitted. We focused on Bowen's disease of the nail, which has been the subject of our research for a long time and has recently come to the fore in the field of dermatology.

Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 in dermatology

Background: The whole of humankind was shaken by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The field of dermatology has been affected by the pandemic as well. This short review aims to highlight the dents which the COVID-19 pandemic made in overall dermatology as a subject. Methodology: To find relevant material, searches were conducted on PubMed and Google Scholar. The evaluation took into consideration review articles, clinical trials, retrospective studies, observational studies, and case–control studies. Results: As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of cases in the dermatology outpatient department condensed, and dermatological procedures became scarce. Many cutaneous signs were witnessed in patients suffering from COVID-19. The health-care providers also suffered from cutaneous rash while using personal protective equipment during patient care. Various treatment guidelines were modified, including the use of various immunomodulators used in dermatology. The use of the vaccine against COVID-19 disease elicited various cutaneous side effects as well. In addition, the teaching and learning methods were also dented in this pandemic and were subjected to transformation. Conclusion: Dermatology as a subject was not untouched by the consequences of this pandemic. The disease pattern, the treatment guidelines, the consultation methods, and every other aspect of dermatology were subjected to change during this pandemic.

Revolutionary Immunotherapy for Merkel Cell Carcinoma: Retifanlimab-Dlwr (Zynyz) Receives FDA Approval

Approval of Retifanlimab-dlwr (brand name Zynyz) represents a significant breakthrough in the field of dermatology, providing a promising treatment option for patients diagnosed with this highly aggressive and rare form of Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC). Traditionally, treatment options for MCC have been limited, with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy are the mainstays. Retifanlimab-dlwr debut will mark a milestone in the treatment of MCC. Clinical trials have shown impressive results, with a significant number of patients experiencing durable responses to the therapy. Retifanlimab-dlwr is a monoclonal antibody that targets the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), which is expressed on immune cells and helps to reactivate the body's immune response against cancer cells. The impending use of Retifanlimab-dlwr not only provides a groundbreaking treatment option for MCC but also paves the way for further advancements in immunotherapy and personalized medicine