Field Of Chemical Safety Research Articles

A chemical accident cause text mining method based on improved accident triangle

BackgroundWith the rapid development of China’s chemical industry, although researchers have developed many methods in the field of chemical safety, the situation of chemical safety in China is still not optimistic. How to prevent accidents has always been the focus of scholars’ attention.MethodsBased on the characteristics of chemical enterprises and the Heinrich accident triangle, this paper developed the organizational-level accident triangle, which divides accidents into group-level, unit-level, and workshop-level accidents. Based on 484 accident records of a large chemical enterprise in China, the Spearman correlation coefficient was used to analyze the rationality of accident classification and the occurrence rules of accidents at different levels. In addition, this paper used TF-IDF and K-means algorithms to extract keywords and perform text clustering analysis for accidents at different levels based on accident classification. The risk factors of each accident cluster were further analyzed, and improvement measures were proposed for the sample enterprises.ResultsThe results show that reducing unit-level accidents can prevent group-level accidents. The accidents of the sample enterprises are mainly personal injury accidents, production accidents, environmental pollution accidents, and quality accidents. The leading causes of personal injury accidents are employees’ unsafe behaviors, such as poor safety awareness, non-standard operation, illegal operation, untimely communication, etc. The leading causes of production accidents, environmental pollution accidents, and quality accidents include the unsafe state of materials, such as equipment damage, pipeline leakage, short-circuiting, excessive fluctuation of process parameters, etc.ConclusionCompared with the traditional accident classification method, the accident triangle proposed in this paper based on the organizational level dramatically reduces the differences between accidents, helps enterprises quickly identify risk factors, and prevents accidents. This method can effectively prevent accidents and provide helpful guidance for the safety management of chemical enterprises.

Proposals for improving the methodic and regulatory framework of the Russian Federation in the field of chemical safety

Introduction. In accordance with Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 11, 2019 No. 97 “On the basis of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of chemical and biological safety” until 2025 and beyond” the priority areas include monitoring chemical and biological risks, improving regulatory framework and public administration. In terms of improving legal regulation and public administration, development and application of documents that provide mandatory requirements for chemical products in the Russian Federation are among the priorities.
 Material and methods. The regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, EEC and the EU (in particular, Decrees, Resolutions, Technical Regulations, Directives, Regulations, etc. in the field of safe management of substances of concern), as well as domestic and international databases, scientific articles and monographs containing information on the toxic properties of chemicals are used as materials. The methodology of the work consisted in a comparative analysis of approaches to the regulation of highly hazardous chemicals by international organizations, the Russian Federation, the European Union and its states, the USA, Canada.
 Results and discussions. The article presents the main provisions of the concept for the replacement of highly hazardous chemicals in products with safe analogues; scientifically substantiated national list of chemicals of concern, containing 1480 items, including 630 mutagens, 320 carcinogens, 271 reprotoxicants, 502 endocrine disruptors; criteria for classifying substances as candidates for prohibition and (or) restriction. The proposals for amending the methodological and regulatory framework of the Russian Federation in the field of chemical safety are formulated.
 Conclusion. In order to develop effective measures to minimize the risk of exposure to chemicals and safe management, including prohibition and (or) restriction, it is advisable:
 introduction of a national list of chemicals of concern into the methodological and regulatory framework of the Russian Federation and the Eurasian Economic Union;
 creation of state monitoring of highly hazardous chemicals in products at all stages of the life cycle from raw materials to production and consumption waste with the direct involvement of manufacturers;
 formation and maintenance of the register of emissions and discharges;
 coding of waste according to hazardous properties (carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, reprotoxicity, impact on the endocrine system) and its inclusion as a classification feature in the Federal Classification Catalog of Waste;
 search and evaluation of alternatives for highly hazardous chemicals.

Chemical pollution of the human environment and issues of the development of ecological culture

The subject of the study is the need to form a modern ecological culture in the conditions of growing macroeconomic turbulence and systemic ecological crisis. The object of the study is the state of the modern environment, in general, and its chemical pollution, in particular. The authors consider in detail such aspects of the topic as the currently growing chemical pollution of the environment, the cumulative effect of such pollution, issues of ensuring environmental (chemical) safety and ways of forming an ecological culture. Special attention is paid to the institutional and legal aspect of the development of ecological culture in the "nature – society" system and the conditions necessary to prevent further chemical pollution of the environment. The main conclusions of the study are proposals to create a promising strategy (program) for the prevention and elimination of chemical pollution of the environment, to complete the preparation and adoption of an appropriate regulatory framework for dealing with chemical pollution and related risks, to increase public literacy in the field of chemical safety, to develop a new methodology for monitoring, assessment and relief of chemical pollution at enterprises and organizations that are sources of such pollution, as well as on the revision of some principles and norms of modern environmental policy in the field of combating chemical pollution, adjusting its main direction related to the preservation of the "status quo" of the environment towards its reclamation and reproduction. The novelty of the research lies in the development of organizational aspects related to the culture of chemical safety in modern conditions.

The mortality of population of the Russian Federation resulted due to alcohol toxic effect in 2010-2019

The purpose of the study is to investigate dynamics of mortality rate of the population of the Russian Federation as a result of toxic effects of alcohol in 2010-2019. The statistical materials of the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation were used. The analysis of mortality of population of the Russian Federation because of toxic effect of alcohol was applied. The comparative analysis of population mortality of alcohol intoxication in the Far Eastern, Privolzhsky, Northern Caucasian, Northwestern, Siberian, Ural, Central and Southern Federal Okrugs was implemented. The statistical processing of initial data was implemented using common techniques of calculating extensive and intensive indices, indicator average error and evaluation of differences reliability. It is established that in the Russian Federation, in 2010-2019 population death rate as a result of toxic effect of alcohol decreased by 1.9 times. The decrease of mortality occurred in all Federal Okrugs. The most rapid mortality decreasing occurred in the Far Eastern, Siberian and Southern Federal Okrugs. By the end of studied period, highest mortality rate due to toxic effects of alcohol were registered in the Siberian and Ural Federal Okrugs and the lowest mortality rates were observed in the North Caucasus and Southern Federal Okrugs. This fact testifies presence of peculiarities in formation of toxicological situation at the regional level. The study of level and dynamics of mortality as a result of toxic effects of alcohol will permit to evaluate toxicological situation and to determine strategic directions of preventive activities in the field of chemical safety at the regional level.

Methodological principles for improving the professional training of doctors in the process of studying biological and bioorganic chemistry in the aspect of chemical safety

Chemical safety is a component of general and professional competencies of future doctors, namely: general culture (handling of chemical substances, household chemicals); promotion of a healthy lifestyle; prevention of diseases of the population; protection and preservation of public health; providing emergency medical care in emergencies (related to chemical accidents). The article substantiates the method of improving the professional training of future doctors by integrating modern aspects of chemical safety into biochemical training. The potential of the discipline "Biological and Bioorganic Chemistry" as a tool for the formation of competence in chemical safety of future physicians, due to a combination of theoretical training (training material on the mechanisms of inhibition of enzymatic reactions by toxicants; inhibitors and disintegrants of oxidative phosphorylation; molecular mechanisms of action of toxicants; formation and disposal of endogenous toxins; biotransformation of xenobiotics) and laboratory workshops (handling of chemical reagents; modern approaches to hazard labeling and labeling of chemicals; toxicants’ action modeling) is substantiated. The method of studying the educational material of the discipline "Biological and Bioorganic Chemistry" in the context of modern ideas on chemical safety is described. It provides a comprehensive application of modern teaching methods (design, solving situational problems, laboratory experiments, simulating the action of hazardous chemicals, testing) and teaching aids (glossary of terms on biochemical aspects of chemical safety; video lectures and methodical recommendations for independent work of students). The stages of the study method realization of the "Biological and bioorganic chemistry" discipline’s educational material in the context of modern ideas on chemical safety are described. These are the substances’ handling culture formation; formation of biochemical aspects of chemical safety; integration of modern ideas in the field of chemical safety and biochemical components

Text Mining of Hazard and Operability Analysis Reports Based on Active Learning

In the field of chemical safety, a named entity recognition (NER) model based on deep learning can mine valuable information from hazard and operability analysis (HAZOP) text, which can guide experts to carry out a new round of HAZOP analysis, help practitioners optimize the hidden dangers in the system, and be of great significance to improve the safety of the whole chemical system. However, due to the standardization and professionalism of chemical safety analysis text, it is difficult to improve the performance of traditional models. To solve this problem, in this study, an improved method based on active learning is proposed, and three novel sampling algorithms are designed, Variation of Token Entropy (VTE), HAZOP Confusion Entropy (HCE) and Amplification of Least Confidence (ALC), which improve the ability of the model to understand HAZOP text. In this method, a part of data is used to establish the initial model. The sampling algorithm is then used to select high-quality samples from the data set. Finally, these high-quality samples are used to retrain the whole model to obtain the final model. The experimental results show that the performance of the VTE, HCE, and ALC algorithms are better than that of random sampling algorithms. In addition, compared with other methods, the performance of the traditional model is improved effectively by the method proposed in this paper, which proves that the method is reliable and advanced.

Chemical safety as a component of general and professional competences in training of future doctors

The study analyzes the content of international (project "Harmonization of educational structures in Europe") and Ukrainian (industry standard of higher education field of knowledge 22 "Health Protection", specialty 222 "Medicine") legal documents of training future doctors in the context of modern ideas on chemical safety. The components of chemical safety are identified: understanding of the chemical factor as an integral danger to human health; knowledge of methods of labeling chemicals and products; compliance with the rules and safety measures for working with chemical products throughout the life cycle. The content of the main professional competencies of the second level of medical education of the project "Harmonization of educational structures in Europe", which are related to the application of chemical safety issues in the future professional activity of the future doctor: to consult with the patient; provide emergency medical care in emergencies; apply the principles, skills and knowledge of evidence-based medicine; promote health, to address public health issues and work effectively in the health care system, is revealed.
 The general and professional competencies of the future doctor in the field of chemical safety, which are stated in the industry standard of higher education in the field of knowledge 22 "Health Protection ", specialty 222 "Medicine", are established: desire to preserve the environment; ability to carry out sanitary and hygienic and preventive measures; ability to conduct epidemiological and medical-statistical studies of public health; ability to assess the impact of the environment on the health of the population (individual, family, population); ability to implement resource efficiency activities

Environmental and Legal Regulation of the Handling of Chemicals

The implementation of a set of measures aimed at consistently reducing the negative impact of hazardous chemical factors on the population and the environment to an acceptable level of risk provides for the development and analysis of the experience of the European Union and its member States in the field of chemical management, as well as the development of recommendations for improving legislation and other regulatory legal acts on environmental protection from chemical pollution. To this end, the article presents the rationale and conceptual approaches to the formation of legislation in the field of chemical safety within the framework of state policy. The most important aspect in the formation of legislation is the global nature of chemical safety problems, in this connection, the article points to the need to bring the law in this area closer to partners in economic cooperation and integration. Taking into account the focus of future laws on reducing the level of negative impact of hazardous chemicals on the population and the environment, the legal and political consequences of their implementation are outlined.

Референс-центр ідентифікації та контролю хімічних речовин: роль і місце в національній системі хімічної безпеки

In 2014 Ukraine accepted the OSCE proposal to develop an Integrated Chemical Safety and Security Program in Ukraine (ICSSP) aiming to develop a collaborative framework between the Ukrainian partners, the OSCE and the international partners for an effective and coordinated actions to ensure chemical safety and security. The main goal of the ICSSP program is to improve Ukraine’s ability to prevent, prepare for and respond to inappropriate handling of chemicals.Effective chemical safety will help to increase the level of protection of chemical materials, associated facilities and vehicles. ICSSP also had to ensure the implementation of modern solutions and coordinated approaches to strengthen the protection of critical infrastructure in Ukraine. A comprehensive review, conducted as the first step in the implementation of ICSSP, showed that the program should be aimed at introducing national activities in the field of chemical safety by a wide range of national authorities with a focus on the development of legislative and administrative measures for the implementation of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540 in the chemical industry. Realization of the program objectives will provide: — creating a national (regional) Reference Centre for Identification and Control of Chemicals, able to make expert conclusions regarding hazardous chemicals and precursors quickly and reliably; — expanding opportunities to detect chemicals, conduct toxicological studies, including for the purpose of export control and forensic investigations, and the possibility to clarify the nature and characteristics of “unknown” chemicals; — improving capabilities of regional network of chemical analytical laboratories to identify toxic chemicals and ability to conduct joint research, as well as to train laboratory personnel and to exchange good laboratory practices. The National Reference Centre can serve as a model laboratory and national (regional) training platform for the dissemination of knowledge and best practices.It can help to solve regional problems, because the neighbouring countries Moldova, Georgia, Azerbaijan and even some EU countries also need such assistance. Key Words: chemical safety, Reference Centre, preventive toxicology.

THE MODERN STATE AND PROSPECTS OF THE INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS OF UKRAINE IN THE FIELD OF CHEMICAL SAFETY

There are no chemical and biological weapons on the territory of Ukraine, however, in the industrial and everyday use there is a large number of chemicals, which can become chemical weapons. This determines the active participation of Ukraine in the processes of ensuring chemical safety at the global and regional levels. Ukraine takes part in the leading international agreements on chemical disarmament. Ukraine signed the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and their Destruction and participated in the establishment of The Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons. Annually, Ukraine prepares national declarations on chemical industry objects on its territory, accepts inspections of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons and participates in various activities of this multilateral institute. Ukraine participates in all international export control regimes and has been actively developing the national system for controlling the international transfers of military and dual-use goods since 1991. Ukraine actively builds on the cooperation with the leading countries of the world chemical industry, international organizations and regional security institutions in the field of chemical safety. The problem of neutralization and utilization of harmful chemicals is a priority for Ukraine. The development of the national chemical safety system and the international cooperation of Ukraine will make possible the development of the foreground directions of reforming the chemical industry in Ukraine.

TOXICOLOGICAL SITUATION IN OMSK ACCORDING TO THE STUDY OF THE DYNAMICS OF HOSPITAL MORBIDITY OF THE POPULATION AS A RESULT OF ACUTE POISONING AND EFFECTS OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES

The article is devoted to study of the dynamics of hospital morbidity of the population of Omsk as a result of acute poisoning and effects of toxic substances in 2011-2017. The data used were obtained from the summary records of the Department of acute poisoning. The mathematical processing of the material has been carried out in the recalculation of 100 thousand of the corresponding population. The statistical processing of the material used traditional methods for calculating extensive and intensive indicators, the average error of the indicator, and the reliability of differences in the indicator of the Student’s t-criteria. During the period from 2011 to 2017 in Omsk there was a decrease in the level of hospital morbidity of the population as a result of acute poisoning and exposure to toxic substances by 4.5%. The rate of hospitalization among men was significantly higher than that among the female population by an average of 3.3 times. The toxicological situation has significantly changed, manifested by a statistically significant increase in the number of poisonings with synthetic psychoactive substances, while at the same time a statistically significant decrease in the level of hospital morbidity in alcoholic, medicinal, narcotic toxic effects, poisoning with corrosive poisons, pesticides, industrial and non-lubricated poisons. Information on the dynamics of the level of hospital morbidity of the population as a result of acute poisoning and exposure to toxic substances in Omsk for the period from 2011 to 2017 allows to determine the guidelines for organizational measures in the context of medical care to victims of this pathology, as well as directions for preventive work in the field of chemical safety of the population.

Regulatory and legal framework for chemical safety in Ukraine

Ukraine has never manufactured, amassed or applied chemical weapon. However, on the territory of Ukraine, a significant amount of poisonous substances are used in the industry, in domestic life, in medical and scientific institutions, which may exert a detrimental influence on people and environment. Moreover, various substances may be involved in the production of chemical weapons.The article is aimed at investigating the legal and regulatory framework of Ukraine, which is necessary for the effective functioning of the chemical safety system.At the beginning of the XXI century, a powerful international legal framework has been established in order to prohibit the development, production, stockpiling, application and disposal of the chemical weapons. Particular attention is paid to dual-usage goods. Ukraine has joined the leading international regulatory instrument in the field of chemical safety regulation.The implementation of the international legal norms to the national legislation is in progress of establishment. Ukraine is a party to all international export control regimes. Taking into account international experience, the national export control system is being developed and is constantly being improved. Ukraine signed bilateral and multilateral international treaties in order to launch an effective legal framework for the national chemical safety system.In Ukraine, it has been laid the foundation of the national legal documents base in the field of chemical safety. The major documents include the laws of Ukraine “On Foreign Economic Activity” and “On the State Control over International Transfers of Military and Dual-Use Commodities”, the Concept for Increasing the Level of Chemical Safety, Action Plans and Government Programs, certain Articles of the Codes of Ukraine, a number of documents of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine in the field of regulation of production, storage, transportation, use, disposal and destruction of hazardous chemicals. The national list of military and dual-usage goods has been drawn up and constantly updated in the state.
 Thus, the regulatory framework of Ukraine in the field of chemical safety is formed and enhanced taking into consideration the national peculiarities of state development and international legal norms.

대학 실험실습실의 사고 위험성 분석

최근 대학 실험실에서 화재, 폭발 등 실험실 안전사고의 잦은 발생으로 인하여 이에 대한 관심이 고조되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 교과부 고시 제2008-134호, 연구실 안전점검지침 및 정밀안전진단지침에 의거하여, 2011년도 하나의 선택된 대학교에 대한 200개의 실험실습실에 대하여 전반적인 문제점을 진단하였다. 그 결과 1등급으로 평가된 실험실은 57.5%, 2등급으로 평가된 실험실은 46.0%, 3등급으로 평가된 실험실은 2.5%이였다. 또한 실험실습실의 안전 분야별 지적 건수는 소방안전 분야가 44.3%으로 가장 높게 나타났고, 다음으로 전기안전 분야 14.8%, 화공안전 분야 10.9%, 일반안전 분야 10.6%, 기계안전 7.7%, 산업위생6.1%, 가스안전 5.6% 순으로 나타났다. 그리고 지적된 사고원인에 대하여 안전대책을 제안하였다. Recently at the University accidents such as fire and explosion occur frequently on the laboratory and is increasing interest in this subject. In this study, in accordance with Ministry of Education, Science and Technology Notice No. 2008-134, Guidelines for laboratory safety tests and precise guidelines for safety inspection, One of the selected universities in 2011 for 200 laboratories examined the overall problem. As a result, the laboratory was 57.5% rated as grade 1, grade 2 in 46.0% rated the lab, the lab evaluated as grade 3 (2.5%), respectively. Content of the experiment, laboratory safety incidents with the fire safety field was highest (44.3%), followed by 14.8% field of electrical safety, 10.9% field of chemical safety, 10.6% field of general safety, 7.7% field of machine safety, 6.1% field of industrial hygiene, and 5.6% field of gas safety in order. And for pointed out that the cause of the accident, the safety measures were proposed.

International trends and concerns relating to chemical safety

The essential role of chemicals in modern society is recognised: chemicals help extend life expectancy, increase food production and improve our quality of life. But their dangers are just as clearly seen. How can we live with these substances? How can we handle, use and dispose of them safely? This is not just a question of numbers. In most cases the problem is of information: how to get it, how to spread it, and how to make sure it is used properly. Because of global trade and long-range transport, chemical safety and risk management of chemicals form an international challenge. Worldwide there exists a great number of different national governmental and non-governmental organisations which are working in the field of chemical safety. All these national activities are also of international relevance, since the risks caused by chemicals, especially the environmental ones, do not respect national borders and are therefore to be considered a global problem. One key aspect is improving the level of knowledge about individual chemicals and expanding the exchange and dissemination of such information. An overview of the main bodies and organisations involved in the field of international chemical safety will be given. The activities within the United Nations framework and the results of the Inter-Governmental Forum on Chemical Safety will be enumerated. Special emphasis will be placed on some international and some national activities concerning chemical safety. With the Inventory of Critical Reviews on Chemicals, an easy access to toxicological information on a global basis will be demonstrated.

Researches in Preventive Medicine and Public Health in Medical Schools in Japan: Past, Present and Future.

The first departments of preventive medicine and hygiene in medical schools in Japan were established in the years around 1890 whereas the departments of public health were established in around 1950. Both departments were expected to serve people through researches which contribute to the people by solving the health problems in the communities. Studies in this field of medical science in Japan were initiated to prevent communicable diseases early in this century. In the field of chemical safety, the study was first focused on the prevention of industrial poisoning, management of pollution-induced diseases, measures for environmental preservation, international sharing of toxicity information, and cooperation with developing countries for the success of local efforts. The direction of the developments has been from therapy toward prevention, and solution of local problems toward international cooperation. The fields that need more attention in the nearest future from domestic viewpoints will be the studies to solve the problems due to rapid aging of the national population, and that from the viewpoints of international contribution will be the development of integrated science for not only healthy human life but sound ecosystem.

Chemical Safety & Hazard Investigation Board Finally Set To Start Up

When the new year begins, so will a new governmental organization of crucial importance to the chemical industry, and to the public—the Chemical Safety & Hazard Investigation Board (CSHIB). Based in Washington, D.C., the board, whose five members will serve for five years each, will investigate accidents in chemical process operations and do research in the field of chemical safety. It is patterned after the 38-year-old National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB). Its chairman is Paul L. Hill Jr., who for the past six years has been president of the National Institute of Chemical Studies in Charleston, W.Va. The board was mandated by the 1990 amendments to the Clean Air Act but was slow getting started. Worried that Congress had given itself too much control over the board, the Bush Administration took its time making nominations. It eventually did so late in 1992. But by then, the Presidential election was at hand, Bill Clinton won, the ...