Field Of Aesthetics Research Articles

Romani Literature(s) As Minor Literature(s) in the Context of World Literature: A Survey of Romani Literatures in French and Spanish

The article discusses the comparatively young form of written Romani literary self-expression as an example of “minor literature” in Deleuze and Guattari’s sense.[1] The focus here is on producing a classifying survey of the literary production of Romani writers in France and Spain, with the article outlining the different aesthetic fields and literary forms evident in French and Spanish Romani literature. The comparative approach reveals thatdespite regional and national differences, these minor literatures demonstrate several aesthetic similarities typical of Romani literature that could ultimately come to define the transnational, cross-border characteristics of Romani literature. Furthermore, I show that there are literary tendencies in contemporary Romani literatures that go beyond the usual forms of establishing literary self-expression in diasporic cultural productions or aesthetic appropriation of major society’s literary traditions, so that Romani literatures in French and Spanish should, I argue, also be seen as part of world literature.
 1 It is important to emphasize that the potentially offending implications of the evaluative use of the term “minor” is by no means hinted at in Deleuze and Guattari: The French “literature mineure” does not indicate lower aesthetic qualities or literary inferiority to majority literature but rather describes a literature produced by writers not (exclusively) belonging to the nation-state in which they live. At the same time, it should be mentioned that the term “small literature,” in contrast to minor literatures, means literary expressions from small nations or/and in small languages like, for example, in Bulgarian, Estonian, or Luxembourgish (cf., Glesener 2012).

A Standardized Evaluation Method for Assessing Patients With Genital Dyschromia.

ObjectiveThe population's ever-growing concern with genital aesthetic dysfunctions reflects an increasing demand in the field of intimate aesthetics. For this reason, as well as the lack of a standardized evaluation, this paper aims to develop a form that facilitates the initial investigation of aesthetic genital dysfunctions. MethodsAn evaluation form for female and male genital dyschromia was developed between July and November 2018. Following initial development, the form was evaluated for quality and was updated by a panel of specialists (a psychologist, two pelvic dysfunction physiotherapists, and two dermato-functional physiotherapists) via email and through a content validity questionnaire. The face validity of the form was assessed by five physiotherapy and medical students who were randomly selected. The students answered a questionnaire evaluating the proposed form. The reliability of the form was established through the test-retest procedure by evaluating its reproducibility over time.ResultsThe “Genital Dyschromia Evaluation Form'' (composed of identification, anamnesis, and physical examination sections) was approved by the specialist panel. They suggested questions to be added in the anamnesis (dermatological lesions or fungal and bacterial infections) and physical examination (hyperemia, edema in the perianal and internal thigh region) sections. As for the image analysis, an increase in quality, resolution, and sharpness was suggested. Lastly, for the cutaneous phototype evaluation, the DoctorSkinFototipo® digital analyzer device was chosen since it is small, portable, easily positioned on the genital area, and can be readily cleaned between patients. ConclusionThe “Genital Dyschromia Evaluation Form” is a questionnaire approved by specialists and could represent a suitable option for health professionals.

Defining Skin Quality: Clinical Relevance, Terminology, and Assessment.

Flawless skin is one of the most universally desired features, and demand for improvements in skin quality is growing rapidly. Skin quality has been shown to substantially impact emotional health, quality of life, self-perception, and interactions with others. Although skin quality improvements are a common end point in studies of cosmeceuticals, they are rarely assessed in clinical studies of other aesthetic treatments and products. Descriptive terminology for skin quality parameters also varies considerably within the aesthetic field, relying on a range of redundant and occasionally contradictory descriptors. In short, skin quality has not been clearly defined. The goal of this review is to highlight the importance of skin quality to patients and physicians, explore known and unknown factors comprising skin quality, and provide clarity regarding terminology, descriptors, and evaluation tools for assessing skin quality. A review of the literature on skin quality was performed without limitation on publication date. Relevant articles are presented. We propose a framework of attributes contributing to skin quality rooted in 3 fundamental categories-visible, mechanical, and topographical-with the aim to provide information to help guide clinicians and inform future clinical studies.

Seven Unknown Drawings by Luigi Manini

Luigi Manini, set designer at the Nacional Theatre of S. Carlos lived in the second half of the 19th century, which was characterized, in the field of aesthetics, by the transition from romanticism to naturalism. This article aims to analyze seven unknown drawings by Luigi Manini, as an expression and illustration of this artistic period. For this, we analyse the three major periods of art exhibition by Hegel in his work Aesthetics. Integrated in this analysis the evolution of artistic expression, with more emphasis, is illustrated the study of ornamentation, its nature, its importance in stylistic participation and, along its journey, the variation between the expression plane and the content plane that the ornament, as a sign, suffered. To conclude this journey, romanticism, used ornamentation as an evocative element of cultural styles and cultures, consistent with the essence of romanticism: a sublime expression. But in its final phase, romanticism evolved into naturalism that manifests, not the differentiated architectural element, but its collective nature. Urbanism is a social response of Architecture. The ornament loses, at this time, its symbolic value, but maintains its expression plan that was developed with an appreciation of its plastic value. It’s the ornate by the ornate that keeps, still, more time in Belle Époque; in Art Nouveau and Art Deco, to disappear completely in Modernism. These drawings, from an affirmation phase of Luigi Manini’s, are integrated at this time, and their analysis will be concluded from the historical conclusion of this article.

Nanay, Bence. Aesthetics: A Very Short Introduction

As an entry in Oxford University Press’s Very Short Introductions series, the target audience for Bence Nanay’s book are people unfamiliar with the field of aesthetics. The book covers many of the topics we would expect an introduction to aesthetics to cover (beauty, pleasure, disinterestedness, taste, judgment, normativity, aesthetic experience, etc.), and it does so in a breezy, accessible, and engaging way. It is filled with illuminating examples and personal anecdotes that bring the field of aesthetics to life for the reader and would be a useful text for undergraduates and casual readers. In Chapter 1, Nanay sets up the problem that will occupy the next two chapters: namely, why some experiences have the special character of being aesthetic and others do not. He also offers a brief sketch of the field of aesthetics. First, aesthetics is non-elitist. While interested in “some special kinds of experiences” (p. 2), aesthetics...

Design of a High-Power Multilevel Sinusoidal Signal and High-Frequency Excitation Module Based on FPGA for HIFU Systems

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a noninvasive therapy that uses focused ultrasound to treat a part of the tissue; high temperatures can damage tissues by heat. HIFU has many applications in the field of surgery and aesthetics and is used increasingly in everyday life. In this article, we discuss the mainboard design that controls the HIFU system with the ability to create a multistep sine wave compatible with many different applications. The signal used to trigger the transducer is a sinusoidal signal with a frequency adjustable from 0.1 to 3 MHz. In addition, the power supplied to the HIFU transducer is also controlled easily by the configuration parameters installed in the control circuit board. The proposed control and design method generates a voltage signal that doubles the supply voltage, thereby reducing the current on the MOSFET. The hardware design is optimized for a surface-mounted device-type MOSFET without the need for an external heat sink. In tests, we conducted a harmonious combination of two output signals to activate the same HIFU probe. The results showed that the energy transferred to the HIFU transducer increased by 1.5 times compared to a single channel. This means that the HIFU treatment time is reduced when using this method, with absolutely no changes in the system structure.

Political Aesthetics: Addison and Shaftesbury on Taste, Morals and Society

Karl Axelsson’s new book belongs to that stream of recent publications which strive to re-interpret and re-evaluate the pre-Kantian period of modern aesthetics. It also challenges and criticizes those, mostly Kantian, conceptions and teleological schemes of interpretation which have been elaborated in Alfred Baeumler’s and Ernst Cassirer’s seminal books of the 1920s and 1930s and applied even in the most recent modern history by Paul Guyer. Axelsson concentrates on two early eighteenth-century British authors of utmost importance, Joseph Addison and The Third Earl of Shaftesbury, who were contemporaries but, to my knowledge, never mentioned each other in their published writings. To various extent, both have been widely acknowledged as crucial figures of the nascent field of aesthetics, thus one can find the innovation of Axelsson’s enterprise not in the selection, but in his effort to re-consider their achievements under the catch phrase ‘political aesthetics’. His interpretative approach draws on Lawrence...

SEMIOTICA DEGLI AFFETTI E MANIFESTAZIONI FISICHE NEI TESTI MEDICO-FILOSOFICI DI HALLE

In the mid-eighteenth century in Halle the so-called doctors-philosophers tried to develop a scientifically-based map of emotions, which included their causes and their manifestations on the body. Thanks to their scientific rigour, to the literary quality of those studies and to the growing circulation of the journals of the time – above all Unzer’s famous Der Arzt – the subject was so popular that it became central in the debate on physiognomy and pathognomics which was so vivid in the second half of the century. These theories had a powerful import on literature, contributing to the birth of the new ‘character’ in novels as different from the traditional and stereotypical sense of the term as ‘temper’ or ‘nature’. In the field of aesthetics, the effect of these studies had important repercussions on Winckelmann’s revolutionary theories related to the representation and interpretation of emotions in art.

Improvisation as a Pedagogy of Organicity in a Work of Textbook Value by Victor Mihăilescu

Abstract The work Improvisation, the Pedagogy of Organicity is a major, original contribution to the research specific to the field of theatre and performing arts in general, and the art of acting in particular, and the reader interested in the latest editorial entries, ideas, methodologies, especially if he is a specialist, will literally go through it while taking notes. The reviewed work, following a doctoral dissertation awarded Summa cum Laude, is based on a thorough documentation, the research sources, professionally cited in the paper, cover the essential bibliography and the latest works in the field of Theatre Theory and Aesthetics, Actor’s Art and Theatrical Improvisation and the vast fields from which the actor’s art constantly borrows support and analysis tools – Psychology, Pedagogy, Neurosciences. The material is structured in three main parts, the twinning of which results in the author’s original thesis – a compendium of ideas on improvisation and specific methodologies that becomes, through the exceptional quality of documentation and the original contribution of the author’s own research, a landmark for actors and theatre pedagogues, theorists and practitioners in the field.

An Intellectual and a Peasant in Gleb Uspensky’s Cycle “Peasant and Peasant Labor”: Dynamics of Interaction in Context of Idea of “Merging with People”

The cycle of essays by G. I. Uspensky “The Peasant and the Peasant Labor” in the aspect of the actual for Russian literature of the second half of the XIX — early XX centuries problems of relations between the people and the intellectuals are analyzed in the article. The crisis in the study of the “peasant” cycles of Uspensky, caused by the predominance of ideological interpretation, is stated. It is argued that Uspensky finds the key to understanding the peasantry not in the socio-economic conditions of his life, but in the field of aesthetics. The point of convergence, in which the peasant and the intellectual appear as equal subjects of communication, is, according to Uspensky, the aesthetic attitude to work. An implicit correspondence is established between peasant labor and the creative effort of the artist. Therefore, the intellectual turns out to be a necessary mediator in the process of the peasantry acquiring its own “voice”. It is proved that the aesthetic utopia in the cycle “Peasant and Peasant Labor” was crushed by the ethical maximalism of the writer. The peasant economy is represented by the Uspensky reasonably organized order, the anthroposphere, in which the working peasant was likened to the monarch and the Creator. In turn, the intellectual was declared an impostor, marked by the “antichrist” seal. In Uspensky’s creative consciousness, the aesthetic and ethical found themselves in a tragic and hopeless contradiction, and the prospect of “merging with the people” was illusory.

National market analysis for body contouring providers: Medical spas and physician practices.

Non-invasive body contouring has experienced recent growth. To meet demand, medical spas and non-physician operators have grown. Insights into their practice can provide information on their impact. Our study investigated the current market distribution of body contouring providers in the aesthetic field. For the 30 most populous cities, data were collected for non-invasive body contouring providers in medical spas and physician practices. Descriptive ratios were calculated, and various local factors were examined. The cities with the greatest number of body contouring providers were New York (138), Los Angeles (106), and Houston (87). Population size had a significant relationship, while median household income did not. For number of body contouring providers per 100000 persons, the top cities were Austin (4.87), Houston (3.74), and Las Vegas (3.41). The mean ratio of providers in medical spas to physician practices was 1.81. In total, 70.0% of cities had equal or more body contouring providers in medical spas than physician practices. Certain cities have experienced an unequal distribution of body contouring providers, and many cities are skewed in favor of medical spas over physician-based practices.

Open-air museums: digital cultures, aesthetics and everyday life

At a time when everything becomes art, art no longer belongs to itself, to the point of overflowing from the frames that have enclosed it for several centuries – museums, galleries, churches – with unprecedented effects not only in the field of aesthetics, but above all in ordinary life. To understand this in depth, it is necessary to take into account the digital reproducibility of the work of art as a dynamic that upsets the relationship between work and spectator, subject and object, politics and everyday life. From the second half of the 18th century onwards, we saw a dynamic of "aestheticization of the public" parallel to the birth of the cultural industry and, therefore, the transformation of culture into merchandise. It is an ambiguous process, as it implies the emergence of the mass as the central subject of our culture, but also its definitive reification. What about aesthetics in such a condition? This study explores the genology and history of this process by updating Walter Benjamin's thinking in relation to the cultural emergencies of our time. In particular, it seems essential to understand what happens to the aura in the context of a condition in which the aesthetic object, the work of art and, more generally, the area that concerns beauty is available, used and consumed in everyday life, to the point of placing our cities as "open air museums".

Introduction to Pragmatist Legacies in Aesthetics

This paper aims to map and highlight the diverse heritage of Pragmatism in aesthetics. It argues that pragmatist aesthetics represents an interesting third way of doing aesthetics beyond the analytic philosophy of art and continental aesthetics. It offers a first, provisional sketch of existing research trends in pragmatist aesthetics, such as somaesthetics, environmental aesthetics, everyday aesthetics, and social aesthetics. Furthermore, it identifies some “family resemblances” connecting most pragmatist “relatives” in the field of aesthetics: the idea that (1) aesthetics is broader than the traditional philosophy of art, (2) the criticism of the view of art as constituting an independent realm or an autonomous system, (3) the thesis of a basic continuity between artistic practices and experience “in the raw,” (4) the adoption of a naturalistic yet non-reductive stance, and (5) a broadly socio-political inspiration.

Pragmatist Aesthetics: Histories, Questions, and Consequences

Roberta Dreon - Richard Shusterman is one of the leading figures in the current field of pragmatist aesthetics and he has undoubtedly played a pivotal role in recovering a pragmatist approach to aesthetics. His book Pragmatist Aesthetics was simultaneously published in France under the title L’Art a l’etat vif. La pensee pragmatiste et l’esthetique populaire in 1992, paving the way for a long awaited French translation of Dewey’s Art as Experience (Dewey 1989) in 2010 (Dewey 2005/2010), beaut...

Thorstein Veblen, Bard of Democracy

Few remember Thorstein Veblen (1857-1929) as a connoisseur of beauty or champion of beauty’s importance to an institutionally modern and technologically sophisticated society. Similarly few credit Veblen with any constructive theory of politics. Yet Veblen’s conception of the beautiful, his account of its role in human cultural evolution, and his critique of its perversion in the industrialized societies of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries are invaluable to contemporary social-aesthetic aims of political and economic reconstruction. In contrast to the Veblen of memory, the real Veblen devoted significant intellectual energy to building a theory of what political thinkers today call public work: creative, negotiated, open-ended production of shared goods by individuals alert both to self-interest and collective needs. Partaking of the rich tradition of philosophical pragmatism, Veblen's social aesthetics also points to that tradition's continuing value for contemporary aesthetic, social, and political theory. Indeed, further augmented by recent advances in cultural evolutionary theory, Veblen’s pragmatist, public-work aesthetics suggests a vision of democratic citizenship defined by cooperative imagination, production, critique, and re-creation of a moral and material commonwealth. The so-called “bard of savagery,” therefore, is better understood as a “bard of democracy,” narrating the travails and affirming the ideals of a culture aspiring to self-government. His is a vision that might lend the fragmented field of social aesthetics a common, compelling narrative of its own.

토픽모델링과 연결망 분석을 활용한 국내 조경 분야 연구 동향 분석 - 한국조경학회지를 대상으로 -

For the past half century, the Journal of the Korean Landscape Architecture has been leading the landscape architecture research and industry inclusively. In this study, abstracts of 1,802 articles were collected and analyzed with topic modeling and network analysis method. As a result of this paper, a total of 27 types of subjects were identified. Health and healing in the field of environmental psychology, garden and aesthetics, participation and community, modernity, place and placenness, microclimate, tourism and social equity also have been continued as important research area in this journal. Modernity, community and urban regeneration is hot topics and ecological landscape related topics were cold topics. Although there was a difference by subject, the variability of the research subjects appeared after the 2000s. In Network analysis, it shows that ‘Park’ is a representative keyword that can symbolize the journal, and ‘landscape’ is also important a leading area of the journal. Looking at the overall structure of the network, it can be seen that the journal conducts research on ‘utilizing’, ‘using’, and creating ‘park’, ‘landscape’, and ‘space’. This study is meaningful in that it grasped the overall research trend of the journal by using topic modeling and network analysis of text mining.

The Aesthetic Self. The Importance of Aesthetic Taste in Music and Art for Our Perceived Identity.

To what extent do aesthetic taste and our interest in the arts constitute who we are? In this paper, we present a series of empirical findings that suggest an Aesthetic Self Effect supporting the claim that our aesthetic engagements are a central component of our identity. Counterfactual changes in aesthetic preferences, for example, moving from liking classical music to liking pop, are perceived as altering us as a person. The Aesthetic Self Effect is as strong as the impact of moral changes, such as altering political partisanship or religious orientation, and significantly stronger than for other categories of taste, such as food preferences (Study 1). Using a multidimensional scaling technique to map perceived aesthetic similarities among musical genres, we determined that aesthetic distances between genres correlate highly with the perceived difference in identity (Study 2). Further studies generalize the Aesthetic Self Effect beyond the musical domain: general changes in visual art preferences, for example from more traditional to abstract art, also elicited a strong Self Effect (Study 3). Exploring the breadth of this effect we also found an Anaesthetic Self Effect. That is, hypothetical changes from aesthetic indifference to caring about music, art, or beauty are judged to have a significant impact on identity. This effect on identity is stronger for aesthetic fields compared to leisure activities, such as hiking or playing video games (Study 4). Across our studies, the Anaesthetic Self Effect turns out to be stronger than the Aesthetic Self Effect. Taken together, we found evidence for a link between aesthetics and identity: we are aesthetic selves. When our tastes in music and the arts or our aesthetic interests change we take these to be transformative changes.

I. Kant: perfection within the structure of the aesthetic field of metaphysics

The subject of this research is the interrelation between aesthetics and metaphysics as it is reflected in the Kantian transcendentalism. In the “Critique of Judgment”, Kant assumes that the representation of perfection does not correlate with such on the sense of delight; thus, in the first introduction to the “Critique of Judgment”, he is far from considering the solutions to the problem of interrelation between perfection and aesthetic sense of delight persuasive. However, the attitude towards perfection transforms in Kant's later works, the analysis of which demonstrates that the idea of perfection, in essence, is conceived as the method for founding the entire aesthetics, its initial category of the beautiful that coincides with the meaning of the aesthetic perfection the beauty is genuine. The metaphysics of perfection, contained in considered Kant’s work, offers a new perspective on the categorical apparatus of Kantian aesthetics, formed in the “Critique of Judgment”, and broadens the representation on Kantian aesthetics as part of transcendental metaphysics. The concept of perfection implies various aspects of metaphysical research, retaining its immanent qualities in the aesthetics. In predication as an act of modern aesthetic expression, it is difficult to determine any stages and structures that can correlate specifically to perfectionism. The question concerning the field of such correlations remains controversial, inclusive of modern Russian philosophy.

창의융합의 학습플랫폼 구조 연구 : 반성적 사고교육 기반 캡스톤 디자인 수업분석을 중심으로

The purpose of this study is to analyze the structure of creative fusion platform in the engineering. For this study, pieces of related literature were reviewed focusing on analyzing the structure of creative fusion learning platform through the analysis of thinking education-based Capstone design class operation. In addition, interviews with five professors in the field of engineering, aesthetics, and social science were analyzed. The key of analysis was the five phases of thinking education process used for Capstone design class. The findings of this study were as follows. Most of the professors recognized the importance of thinking education. However, it was found that the 5-phase thinking education process did not apply systematically to the operation of Capstone design class. Consequently, there was a discussion about the ways to operate Capstone design class in order to improve the class quality through experience-based thinking education instead of simply focusing on outcome-oriented creative learning experience, as well as about valuable outcome expectations for creative products. In addition, based on the study findings, the structure of creative fusion learning platform was proposed as basic structure, process structure, and outcome structure.

MACRO- AND MICRO- ESTHETICS ANALYSIS AMONG EGYPTIAN DENTAL STUDENTS

Introduction: Esthetics has great importance in restorative dentistry. It is important to obtain standardized anthropometric data to increase both treatment and esthetic success. A harmonious facial appearance is the most important goal of successful treatment in the esthetic field. It is a steady fact that human faces contrast from each other based on gender, race and ethnicity. Objectives: This study was aimed to analyze the macro-esthetics of the face and the micro-esthetics of the maxillary anterior teeth to establish the normative values of Egyptian adults and detect possible gender differences. Materials and methods: The sample consisted of 126 Egyptian dental students (63 males and 63 females) aged (18-24) years. Each student was clinically examined, and then extra-oral and intra-oral photographs were taken. The facial and dental measurements obtained using 2D Adobe Photoshop® CS5 software. Descriptive statistics were applied to the measured parameters and independent samples t-test was performed to assess gender differences. Results: The results showed that for the linear and vertical facial variables (macro-esthetic appearance) the males have larger facial dimensions than females with highly significant gender differences. While for most of the maxillary anterior teeth proportions (micro-aesthetic appearance), the females have larger proportions than males with statistically significant gender differences. Conclusion: Based on 2D digital photogrammetry, the macro-esthetic appearance, maxillary anterior teeth measurements and, the micro-esthetic appearance of Egyptian adults were analyzed and data were obtained. In most of the parameters, there was a statistically significant gender difference (P≤0.05).