Field Case Research Articles

Handmade Porcelain in Jingdezhen：Research on Intangible Cultural Heritage from the Perspective of Identity Construction and Cultural Identity, China

Jingdezhen, known as the porcelain capital of China, has a glorious history of porcelain making for thousands of years, which has given birth to countless outstanding craftsmen. Jingdezhen handmade ceramics embody distinct national and regional characteristics and are important representatives of traditional handicrafts. Its "hand-made porcelain skills" and "traditional porcelain kiln workshop construction skills" were included in the first batch of China's national intangible cultural heritage list in 2006, marking the start of the intangible inheritance and protection of hand-made porcelain. Today, China's intangible cultural heritage protection work has made significant progress. However, in-depth research on the inheritors of "intangible cultural heritage" still has a long way to go. This study uses identity construction and cultural identity as the framework, focusing on the intangible inheritors of Jingdezhen handmade porcelain. It aims to explain the process of their identity construction and cultural identity. The research comprehensively uses field surveys, literature reviews, case analysis and other methods, and goes deep into the workshops. , the studio communicates face-to-face with intangible cultural heritage inheritors, and provides comprehensive research results for the protection and development of intangible cultural heritage inheritors of Jingdezhen handmade porcelain.

A New Five-step Method for Advanced Evaluation of Shale Gas Formations and A Field Case Study of Marcellus Shale

A New Five-step Method for Advanced Evaluation of Shale Gas Formations and A Field Case Study of Marcellus Shale

Evaluation of a Rapid Diagnostic Tool to Estimate Geometry Evolution of Multiple Simultaneously Propagating Fractures from Crosswell Fiber-Optic Strain Measurements

Summary Crosswell low-frequency distributed acoustic sensing (LF-DAS) strain rate measurements generate data useful for hydraulic fracture (HF) diagnostics. These data contain information about HF geometry; however, interpreting the data has relied on time-consuming and computationally expensive numerical interpretation methods. This study aims to evaluate the applicability of a rapid diagnostic tool, known as the “zero strain rate location method” (ZSRLM), for characterizing the geometry of multiple fractures propagating simultaneously. Simulations of multiple fracture propagation are conducted using a planar 3D multifracture simulator that incorporates 3D rock deformation, fluid flow in the wellbore, fluid leakoff, and multiscale fracture propagation regimes. A supertimestepping algorithm is used to solve the nonlinear parabolic equations governing fluid-driven fractures. The far-field strain profile induced by multiple propagating fractures along a crosswell fiber-optic cable is computed using the displacement discontinuity method (DMM). Various scenarios are simulated by adjusting key completion parameters, including the number of clusters, cluster spacing, in-situ stress states, and geomechanical properties. The ZSRLM is then applied to the computed strain field to estimate fracture extents and propagation rates. The accuracy of the ZSRLM is assessed by comparing the estimated fracture geometry parameters with the known simulated values. Our observations indicate that the ZSRLM is not effective when two or more fractures approach the observation well at similar times, as it becomes challenging to discern unique strain-rate converging patterns on waterfall plots for each fracture. However, when fracture arrivals at the monitor well are offset, distinct strain rate patterns emerge, enabling the application of the ZSRLM. Errors between simulated and estimated fracture extent propagation rates are quantified. Finally, the ZSRLM is applied to a field case involving multicluster fracture propagation, and the interpretation of the results is discussed in light of these findings. This research demonstrates the applicability of the ZSRLM for diagnosing the velocities and final extents of multiple fractures propagating simultaneously. The method offers a rapid means of characterizing stimulations using crosswell LF-DAS measurements, which can inform decisions regarding completion design, well spacing, and landing zone. The study contributes to the advancement of efficient fracture diagnostics in the industry, reducing the reliance on numerical interpretation methods.

Multi-fidelity deep neural network with Monte Carlo dropout technique for uncertainty-aware risk recognition of backward erosion piping in dikes

Backward erosion piping (BEP) is an increasingly critical failure mechanism in dike systems, often triggered by floods resulting from extreme rainfall events, which are exacerbated by the ongoing shifts in climate patterns. This study embarks on a nuanced examination of BEP, a phenomenon that substantially undermines flood control and emergency management endeavors. Addressing the complexities of BEP incidents and the consequential variable impact on dike infrastructure, we have incorporated Monte Carlo dropout techniques within a multi-fidelity deep learning framework to enhance predictive accuracy and provide an uncertainty-aware assessment of BEP risk. Drawing on 16 sets of physical model experiments emulating dike structures from the lower Yangtze River basin in China, we conducted a detailed study of the BEP evolution mechanism under various hydrological scenarios intensified by climate change. These experiments allowed us to observe the initiation and progression of BEP in different conditions. The development of a structural equation model quantifies the effects of several critical factors—including those exacerbated by climatic variability—on BEP dynamics. Seven key factors were identified as influential to BEP risk levels, integrating distinct BEP traits, hydrological attributes, and dike engineering conditions. A Monte Carlo dropout-enhanced multi-fidelity deep neural network (MFDNN) was crafted, synthesizing low-fidelity experimental data with high-fidelity field case studies, to construct an advanced model for BEP risk level identification. Compared against four sophisticated machine learning models, our MFDNN demonstrated superior performance, effectively blending experimental insights with real-world occurrences. The proposed model emerges as a scientifically robust and pragmatic tool for delineating BEP risk levels in dike systems, providing vital guidance for categorizing BEP incidents and forging targeted, climate-informed emergency response strategies.

Available target evaluation of underground gas storage based on AHP-FCE methods

Underground gas storage (UGS) is one of the feasible technologies to achieve carbon emission reduction and reach the carbon peak target. The scientific evaluation of available UGS targets is still challenging due to uncertainty of caprock, reservoir, fracture, etc. To fill this gap, this work develops an efficient evaluation method to determine the available UGS targets based on oil or gas reservoirs by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation (FCE) method. An integrated evaluation system for potential UGS is formed, including the evaluation indicators, scoring criteria, and the workflow of available target applicability evaluation. Field application is performed to validate the proposed model. The selection of target blocks is performed by a multi-factor evaluation method (AHP-FCE), and an evaluation index system and the evaluation criteria are proposed. The indicators are more completed, including 6 indicators and 44 sub-indicators. The assessment matrix has passed the consistency check because of CR < 0.1. The factors of caprock and reservoir yield greater impact on the UGS siting. Field case shows that the excellent membership degree of Block # A and #B are 0.315 and 0.574, suitable for potential UGS. The average membership degree of Block #C and #E are 0.591 and 0.386. The poor membership degree of Block #D is 0.422. The evaluation model can provide accurate and objective technical support for UGS target evaluation.

Getting the intermolecular forces correct: introducing the ASTA strategy for a water model.

Having a force field for water providing good bulk properties is paramount for modern studies of most biological systems. Some of the most common three-site force fields are TIP3, SPC/ε or OPC3, providing a decent range of bulk properties. That does not mean though, that they have realistic inter-atomic forces. These force fields have been parameterized with a top-down approach, meaning, by fitting the force field parameters to the experimental bulk properties. This approach has been the governing strategy also for many variants of four- and more-site models. We test a bottom-up approach, in which the force field is parameterized by optimizing the non-bonded inter-atomic forces. Our philosophy is that correct inter-atomic forces lead to correct geometrical and dynamical properties. The first system we try to optimize with the accurately system tailored atomic (ASTA) approach is water, but we aim to eventually probe other systems in the future as well. We applied our ASTA strategy to find a good set of parameters providing accurate bulk properties for the simple three-site force field forms, and also for AMOEBA, a more detailed and polarizable force field. Even though our bottom-up approach did not provide satisfactory results for the simple three-site force fields (with fixed charges), for the case of the AMOEBA force field it led to a modification of the original strategy, giving very good intra- and inter-molecular forces, as compared to accurate quantum chemically calculated reference forces. At the same time, important bulk properties, in this study restricted to the density and diffusion, were accurately reproduced with respect to the experimental values.

Quantifying the Effects of Interwell Communication Using Dynamic Fluid-in-Place Calculations

Summary Multifractured horizontal wells (MFHWs) completed in the same reservoir layer, or different reservoir layers, commonly experience interwell communication through hydraulic fractures. For example, after a well is placed on production, its production performance can be impacted by communication with an offsetting well placed on production after it. The degree of communication between wells is important to quantify for the purposes of well production forecasting, reserves estimation, completions, and well spacing design optimization. In this study, dynamic fluid-in-place calculations, performed using the impacted producing well rates and flowing pressures, are applied to quantify the effect of communication with an offset-producing well on the impacted well-contacted fluid-in-place estimates. Agarwal (2010) demonstrated that pressure transient analysis theory can be used to derive the volume of fluid in place contacted by a well (CFIP) over time during constant rate, transient production. The method was later extended to variable-rate/pressure scenarios. However, all previous applications of Agarwal’s method were for single, isolated wells and assumed single-phase flow of oil and gas. To evaluate the usefulness of the method for modern development scenarios, it is extended to allow for quantification of interwell communication during flowback, for which single-phase flow of water before the breakthrough of formation fluids may precede multiphase flow of formation and fracturing fluids, and for analysis of multiphase data. Analysis of flowback data enables early-time identification and quantification of interference effects. Multiple numerical simulation cases are generated to simulate different degrees of communication for the case of a two-phase flow of oil and water. Wells are assumed to be communicating through a hydraulic fracture with a specified transmissibility multiplier (Tmult) used to adjust the amount of interwell communication. Corrections for multiphase flow in the CFIP method are performed using two different methods—the total volumetric flow rate (combined phase) approach and the multiphase pseudovariable approach. The CFIP diagnostic plot (i.e., log-log plot of CFIP vs. material balance time) is applied to the impacted producing well to evaluate the CFIP trend before and after offset well production and the magnitude of CFIP change. The practical application of the method is demonstrated with field cases. From the simulation cases, it is observed that, after the offset well is placed on production, a reduction of CFIP for the impacted producing well occurs (rapidly decreasing at first and then stabilizing after a transition period) proportional to productivity index reduction. The loss in CFIP for the impacted producing well can be determined simply by estimating its CFIP immediately before and after offset well production. For high connectivity (Tmult&amp;gt; 0.25) scenarios, application of the combined phase approach resulted in estimates of the impacted well CFIP reduction of ~46–50%, whereas application of the modified pseudovariable approach resulted in estimates of ~49–51%. For the low connectivity case (Tmult = 0.001), these estimates were ~11% and ~9%, respectively, for the two approaches. Therefore, for the simulation cases studied herein, the two approaches agreed within acceptable error. Numerical simulation was also used to verify the absolute change in CFIP using these two approaches for correcting for multiphase flow. The practical application of the modified CFIP method was demonstrated using two field cases with early-time production. Both field cases demonstrated that changes in CFIP for the impacted well can be unambiguously interpreted. In the first field case corresponding to early-time production data (gas and water) associated with Well 23 of the SPE data repository, the reduction in CFIP of the impacted producing well was estimated to be ~37% using the combined phase approach. In the second field case, for which a producing well completed in a low-permeability gas condensate reservoir is impacted by placing multiple offset wells on production at the same time, the reduction in CFIP of the impacted well was estimated to be ~20% using the combined phase approach. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that CFIP calculations can be applied to quantify interwell communication between two wells during flowback or early-time production when multiphase flow occurs in the reservoir.

Multichannel seismic attenuation compensation and interpolation with curvelet sparse constraint of frequency-wavenumber spectrum

Abstract High-resolution exploration is hampered by seismic attenuation, caused by the viscosity and heterogeneity of underground media. Conventional single-channel attenuation compensation methods can increase the corresponding vertical resolution partially. While the lateral continuity of compensated seismic data is always ignored and the noise resistance can be improved. Therefore, multichannel attenuation compensation methods were proposed, including the algorithm with sparse curvelet coefficient constraint of the time-space (t-x) data. However, nonstationary seismic data may be affected by irregular missing traces in field cases, which severely degrades its lateral continuity and negatively affects the performance of multichannel attenuation compensation. Therefore, we concentrate on simultaneous multichannel attenuation compensation and missing trace interpolation in a unified framework. Based on the inversion framework of sparsity promotion, we propose an approach for simultaneous multichannel compensation and interpolation, utilizing sparse curvelet coefficient constraint of the recovered principal frequency-wavenumber (f-k) spectrum. The size of the principal f-k spectrum is reduced by at least half compared with that of the corresponding t-x band-limited data. It significantly reduces the computational expense of curvelet transform-based processing. Synthetic and field data experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in efficiency improvement with consistent performance when compared to the multichannel method with sparse curvelet coefficient constraint of the t-x data in improving the vertical resolution and lateral continuity. Furthermore, we have discussed a potential acceleration strategy based on random sampling in the normal compensation issue.

A Coupling Model of Gas–Water Two-Phase Productivity for Multilateral Horizontal Wells in a Multilayer Gas Reservoir

A series of complex horizontal wells have been implemented in challenging gas reservoirs. Multilateral horizontal well technology can be used in multilayer gas reservoirs, facilitating the expansion of the gas drainage area and enhancing productivity. Accurate productivity calculations for multilateral wells in multilayer reservoirs are essential for effective reservoir development. However, there have been few studies in this area. This paper introduces a coupling model for calculating the gas–water two-phase productivity of multilateral wells in multilayer reservoirs, based on the principles of conformal transformation and superposition of potential functions. The accuracy of the model is validated by obtaining the distribution of flow along the horizontal wellbore through numerical simulation cases. The results from the field case and sensitivity analysis indicate that the pressure difference increases nonlinearly from the toe to the heel, and the productivity of multilateral wells decreases as the gas–water ratio increases. The method proposed in this paper is applicable for calculating the productivity of multilateral wells in multilayer reservoirs.

The Evaluation of Written Tests at Nurussyifa Islamic Kindergarten to Support Merdeka Curriculum

Early childhood is the nation's next generation whose development and growth we must maximize. During this golden age, children receive stimulation from the environment at home, at school and in the community. At school, teachers provide stimulation to children through learning activities according to the kurikulum merdeka. In the pre-school period, children are also introduced to basic writing activities. Indicators of beginning writing are, the child can hold a writing instrument well and correctly, is able to move his hand well, the child can imitate letter shapes, the child can recognize letter shapes. Writing test activities in kindergarten are implemented with very simple activities such as bolding letters, making dashes, making shapes and many more. This research was conducted to evaluate written test activities at TKIT Nurussyifa Krebet Jambon Ponorogo. The data sources in this research are the principal, group A teachers, and group A1 students at TKIT Nurussyifa. The method used in this research is a qualitative research method, using a field case study approach. The techniques used in collecting data are observation, interviews and documentation. From the research results, the written test activities carried out at TKIT Nurussyifa have gone well, and are not burdensome for therapy children, showing positive results and are effective in training children's motor skills in beginning writing.

Detection of a low-frequency ion instability in a magnetic nozzle

Abstract A low-frequency ion instability, with frequency f I between the ion gyrofrequency and the lower hybrid frequency f c , i &lt; f I ≪ f LH , is detected in an argon plasma expanding in a magnetic nozzle for magnetic fields between 240 &lt; B z , max &lt; 700 G. The frequency of the instability exhibits a linear dependence with magnetic field strength, and the wave amplitude has a radial maximum that would match the location of a conical density structure, i.e. high-density cones. For all of the magnetic field cases analysed, the high-frequency spectra showed upper and lower sidebands centred around the driving frequency and at a separation equal to the instability frequency, 27.12 MHz ± f I kHz. Measurements of the perpendicular wavenumber would satisfy, for certain magnetic field strengths, the dispersion relation of both an electrostatic ion cyclotron wave (ICW) and of an ion acoustic wave. It is hypothesised that the observed low-frequency wave could be an acoustic-like instability propagating perpendicular to the magnetic field, which develops as an ICW at some magnetic field strengths. From the data collected, it is suggested that the high-frequency sidebands may be caused by modulation of the low-frequency wave.

Feature extraction and pattern recognition in time-lapse pressure transient responses

Monitoring of modern wells equipped with permanent downhole gauges and flowmeters provides large datasets of pressure, temperature and flowrate measurements. On a limited scale, selected events from these datasets are traditionally used in well performance analysis and monitoring, reservoir simulation, and many other tasks employing physics-based models. New methods that combine model- and data-driven approaches for full-scale analysis of these large datasets have recently attracted interest, suggesting new metrics for knowledge extraction. Most recent studies have used a combination of Pressure Transient Analysis (PTA), which is a key reservoir engineering tool, with hybrid methods, such as PTA-metrics and AI-powered models. The emergence of hybrid methodologies combining model- and data-driven approaches has opened new perspectives for comprehensive analysis and knowledge extraction from big well monitoring data sets, accumulated in the industry. Despite their potential, these methodologies often face challenges in reliability, effective data processing, interpretation and feature engineering.This paper introduces a novel PTA-feature extraction and pattern recognition methods for analysis of time-lapse pressure transient responses and their Bourdet derivatives. The pattern recognition method builds on an unsupervised classification method to extract PTA-features, associated with different flow regimes commonly used in PTA. Each pressure transient in a time-lapse series is first processed by an autonomously fine-tuned algorithm that measures the signal's distance to an ensemble of physically meaningful responses defined by PTA-feature library, thus breaking the transient into a series of likely PTA-features. A set of hyperparameters is used in the unsupervised classification, where an optimization procedure is employed for automated tuning of the hyperparameters to a particular transient. Subsequently, recognition of underlying patterns governed by sequences of these PTA-features in the time-lapse transient responses is performed. Testing of the combination of these new methods through synthetic and field cases is further carried out with verification via comparison with expert’ interpretation results. Added value to the previously introduced PTA metrics, which provide on-the-fly well and reservoir performance analysis, is finally demonstrated. The proposed pattern recognition method improves reliability and automates the calculation of the PTA metrics.The developed methodology serves as a new tool for knowledge extraction from big well monitoring datasets, available in the companies operating in the oil and gas industry, as well as the emerging industries such as carbon capture and storage and geothermal energy production. The article concludes with a discussion of the main advantages and limitations of the suggested feature extraction and pattern recognition methods. Besides the combined use of the methods described in this article, these methods may also be integrated with conventional physics-based approaches widely used in the industry for well data interpretation and reservoir simulations, improving their performance and efficiency for big data sets.

Modeling Ion Transport in the Upper Ionosphere of Mars: Exploring the Effect of Crustal Magnetic Fields

AbstractStatistically ion and electron densities are enhanced above strong crustal magnetic field regions according to measurements made by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft. Plasma created by ionization of neutrals in the lower ionosphere (where chemistry dominates) flows upward and becomes trapped on closed magnetic field loops. Enhanced ion density in the ionosphere (particularly O2+) is associated with enhanced photochemical escape of atomic oxygen. This paper presents a quasi‐1D multi‐fluid time‐dependent model of the Martian ionosphere for nine ion species. Ionospheric temperatures are adopted but ion densities and velocities (along the field lines) are determined using a numerical solution of the continuity and momentum equations. Diurnal effects are explored by varying photoionization rates. Three crustal field cases are considered: a low altitude closed, a high altitude closed, and a high altitude open field line. Additionally, a case with no crustal field is modeled to provide a comparison between regions with and without crustal fields in the upper Martian ionosphere. Model results show higher ion and electron densities in the crustal field cases than in the purely induced field case. Additionally, we find that densities are generally higher on the closed field lines than on the open field lines, and ion velocities are generally up the field lines, away from the Martian surface. We also find that velocities are larger on the open field line case. We compare modeled density results to MAVEN data and find general agreement. Implications for atmospheric escape, particularly photochemical escape of O, are also discussed.

Effects of fines migration and reservoir heterogeneity on well productivity: analytical model and field cases

Effects of fines migration and reservoir heterogeneity on well productivity: analytical model and field cases

An automatic new approach to gravity anomaly’s profile separation, inversion and interpretation, using an infinite horizontal slab model

ABSTRACT The goal of this research is to develop a new, fast-applying, non-conventional 2D semi-inversion technique that uses data from a previously known control point (e.g. a borehole). The method successfully separated a digitised profile over the Bouguer gravity anomaly map into its components, each of which corresponded to a rock formation being prior chosen from a borehole or control point. The importance of this technique stems from its capacity to automatically analyse the shape of the Bouguer gravity anomaly, as well as its propriety, approximation and given accepted equivalent geological cross-section, utilising an infinite slab model. A preliminary synthetic guidance model (SGM) in this proposed new method is being created from borehole data to simulate the homogeneous density distribution of the rock formations that fill a hypothetical sedimentary basin so that it represents to far extent the history of the region’s sedimentation process. The theoretical gravitational effect for each rock formation is estimated using the infinite horizontal slab model for all rock formations of such a hypothetical basin model. The total of these gravitational effects is utilised to invert any gravity profile that crosses the Bouguer gravity anomaly map. The gravity anomalies of the Bouguer profile are then separated and inverted into the comparable rock formation thicknesses or/and depths tracked along the gravity’s profile using a simple method. The technique was tested on a synthetic model, a synthetic noisy contaminated model, and real data from two different field cases with different geological and lithological characteristics. The first was in the Tucson Basin in Southeast Arizona, USA, and the second on the Mors Salt Dome in North Jutland, Denmark. The method has demonstrated results comparable with prior known information of the borehole existing in the study areas.

Towards modelling AR Sco: generalized particle dynamics and strong radiation-reaction regimes

ABSTRACT Numerical simulations of relativistic plasmas have become more feasible, popular, and crucial for various astrophysical sources with the availability of computational resources. The necessity for high-accuracy particle dynamics is especially highlighted in pulsar modelling due to the extreme associated electromagnetic fields and particle Lorentz factors. Including the radiation-reaction force in the particle dynamics adds even more complexity to the problem, but is crucial for such extreme astrophysical sources. We have also realized the need for such modelling concerning magnetic mirroring and particle injection models proposed for AR Sco, the first white dwarf pulsar. This paper demonstrates the benefits of using higher-order explicit numerical integrators with adaptive time-step methods to solve the full particle dynamics with radiation-reaction forces included. We show that for standard test scenarios, namely various combinations of uniform E- and B-fields and a static dipole B-field, the schemes we use are equivalent to and in extreme field cases outperform standard symplectic integrators in accuracy. We show that the higher-order schemes have massive computational time improvements due to the adaptive time-steps we implement, especially in non-uniform field scenarios and included radiation reaction where the particle gyro-radius rapidly changes. When balancing accuracy and computational time, we identified the adaptive Dormand–Prince eighth-order scheme to be ideal for our use cases. The schemes we use maintain accuracy and stability in describing the particle dynamics and we indicate how a charged particle enters radiation-reaction equilibrium and conforms to the analytical Aristotelian Electrodynamics expectations.

Hodge-to-singular correspondence for reduced curves

We study the summands of the decomposition theorem for the Hitchin system for \operatorname{GL}_{n} , in arbitrary degree, over the locus of reduced spectral curves. A key ingredient is a new correspondence between these summands and the topology of hypertoric quiver varieties. In contrast to the case of meromorphic Higgs fields, the intersection cohomology groups of moduli spaces of regular Higgs bundles depend on the degree. We describe this dependence.

Harnessing Biomimicry for Controlled Adhesion on Material Surfaces.

Nature serves as an abundant wellspring of inspiration for crafting innovative adhesive materials. Extensive research is conducted on various complex forms of biological attachment, such as geckos, tree frogs, octopuses, and mussels. However, significant obstacles still exist in developing adhesive materials that truly replicate the behaviors and functionalities observed in living organisms. Here, an overview of biological organs, structures, and adhesive secretions endowed with adhesion capabilities, delving into the intricate relationship between their morphology and function, and potential for biomimicry are provided. First, the design principles and mechanisms of adhesion behavior and individual organ morphology in nature are summarized from the perspective of structural and size constraints. Subsequently, the value of engineered and bioinspired adhesive materials through selective application cases in practical fields is emphasized. Then, a forward-looking gaze on the conceivable challenges and associated opportunities in harnessing biomimetic strategies and biological materials for advancing adhesive material innovation is highlighted and cast.

Productivity Model Study of Water-Bearing Tight Gas Reservoirs Considering Micro- to Nano-Scale Effects

Tight sandstone is rich in micron- and nano-scale pores, making the two-phase flow of gas and water complex. Establishing reliable relative permeability and productivity models is an urgent issue. In this study, we first used a slip model to correct the gas phase’s no-slip Hagen–Poiseuille equation for nano- and micropores. Then, combined with the fractal theory of porous media and the tortuous capillary bundle model, we established two-phase relative permeability models for nanopores and micropores. These relative permeability models comprehensively consider the gas slippage effect, the initiation pressure gradient, the pores’ fractal characteristics, and water film mechanisms. Based on these models, we developed a three-region coupling productivity model for water-bearing tight gas reservoirs with multi-stage fractured horizontal wells. This productivity model considered the micro- and nano-scale effects and the heterogeneity of fracture networks. Then, the model was solved and validated with a field case. The results indicated that the three-region composite unsteady productivity model for water-bearing tight gas reservoirs, which incorporated micro- and nano-scale effects (with consideration of micro-scale and nano-scale phenomena in the fluid flow), could accurately predict a gas well’s productivity. An analysis of the factors influencing productivity showed that ignoring the micro- and nano-scale effects in water-bearing tight gas reservoirs will underestimate the reservoir’s productivity. The initial water saturation, the two-phase flow’s initiation pressure gradient, and capillary force are all negatively correlated with the productivity of gas wells, while the conductivity of the fractures is positively correlated with gas well productivity.

Analisis Peran Pemerintah dalam Mengupayakan Pencegahan Stunting Untuk Mewujudkan Sumber Daya Manusia yang Berkualitas di Kecamatan Ampek Angkek

Study "Analysis of the Government's Role in Efforts to Prevent Stunting to Create Quality Human Resources in Ampek Angkek District". Theoretically, this study is driven by the quality of human resources, which is quite crucial in determining economic development. Since economic development follows the rise in human resources. By examining the government's involvement in trying to avoid stunting to produce excellent human resources in the Ampek Angkek sub-district which transpires in the past, data from the research field indicates the other direction. This kind of research is field case study research using a descriptive qualitative methodology which analyzes data using interview techniques, documentation and other sources carried out at the sub-district government and numerous cross-sectors in the Ampek Angkek sub-distinct. Based on the findings of the research and data analysis that has been conducted, it can be concluded that there are several shortcomings, mainly: 1. The role of government and cross-sectors has been carried out in accordance with their roles and duties, but there may be shortcomings that have not been optimal, such as uniting cross-sectors that have not been implemented or generating convergence. 2. Insufficient facilities and TPK not proportionate for the size of the region to overcome stunting cases 3. Insufficient information, understanding, or community involvement in helping to avoid stunting.