Fibrosarcoma Research Articles

Monitoring of spontaneous neoplasy distribution in dogs in the conditions of Lviv and in the suburban area of the regional center

The article deals with the results of monitoring searches on the spread of cancer in dogs and conducted the analysis of incidence rates of animals depending on breed, gender and age. Research were performed during the 2016-2019 years on 2015 dogs, who came to the educational research clinics of the Department of Surgery and Diseases of Small Animals named after Stepan Gzhytskyj LNUVMB. Cancer patients sick dogs (n = 259) of diff erent breeds and genders, aged from 4 months to 16 years, were the subject of research. It was installed, that in the structure of surgical diseases of dogs the share of neoplasia averages 12.85% (10.2-14.9% by years of observation). Among neoplasms, breast neoplasia (35.1%) and skin tumors (29.8%) were most commonly reported, less frequently - tumor lesions of the organs of the reproductive system (13.9%), neoplasia of the internal organs (10.5%), neoplasms in the head and neck (6.6%). Neoplastic lesions of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues (2.3%) and tumors of bones and joints (1.9%) were characterized by sporadic cases. In 20% of dogs, there was a simultaneous tumor lesion of diff erent nosological forms; most often there are skin and breast tumors, less often skin and tumors in the head and neck. It was also installed, that among 259 dog cancer patients, 23.2% of the animals were outbred and 76.8% were purebred (with more than 40 breeds); males accounted for 48.2% and females for 51.8%. The highest incidence of neoplasia was found in animals between 7 and 12 years of age; the median incidence was 8.5 years, and fashion (the highest number of diseased animals) was 9.5 years. It is found out that the dynamic growth of oncological diseases during 2016-2019 occurred, for the most part, by increasing the number of animals with skin tumors and, to a lesser extent, internal organs. Skin tumors were characterized by a wide variety of nosological forms and were diagnosed in dogs of all ages, as well as diff erent breeds and genders. According to the results of histological verifi cation, 42 or 54.7% of animals had benign tumors of the skin and malignancies in 35 or 45.5% of cases. It was also installed, that benign tumors were mostly represented by papilloma (26.0%), less frequently - lipoma (13.0%), dermatofi broma (10.3%), trichoepithelioma (5.2%). Malignancies are distributed as follows: mastocytoma (18.2%), squamous cell carcinoma adenocarcinoma (2.6 %), spindle cell sarcoma (2.6%) fi brosarcoma (1.3%). Therefore, the reported prevalence of spontaneous neoplasia in dogs in our region certify that skin tumors are currently the most important and promising area for further research. Key words: dogs, neoplasms, spread, clinical classifi cation of tumors, skin neoplasia, histological type of tumors.

The performance of ultrasound for differentiation of infantile fibrosarcoma and soft tissue hemangioma

Objective To investigate the differential performance of ultrasound between infantile fibrosarcoma(IFS) and soft tissue hemangioma. Methods The retrospective study was conducted from January 2012 to January 2019 in Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University. A total of 16 patients with IFS were consecutively collected as IFS group, and 26 consecutive patients with soft tissue hemangioma (hemangioma group) were selected for comparison according to the tumor size of IFS. All the final diagnosis got confirmed by pathological analysis. The ultrasonographic features of IFS and hemangioma were compared and analyzed, and after weighting on the basis of the dominance ration (OR), the ultrasonic features with diagnostic value were used to establish the prediction equation. Then, the differential performance of every feature and the prediction equation was evaluated via the ROC analysis. Results There were differences in the lesion echo, margin and blood flow characteristics between IFS group and hemangioma group (P=0.013, 0.002, 0.005), the area under the ROC (AUC) of applying every ultrasonic feature with diagnostic value for differentiation were 0.695, 0.740, and 0.700, respectively. Benefiting from the employment of the prediction equation, the AUC was improved to 0.887 with a sensitivity of 81.3% and a specificity of 96.2%, which were better than the diagnosis by any single feature (P=0.017, 0.035, 0.003). Conclusions Ultrasound can be utilized to discriminate infantile fibrosarcoma from soft tissue hemangioma. The use of prediction equation can further improve the differential performance with higher clinical value. Key words: Ultrasonography; Infantile fibrosarcoma; Hemangioma; Children

Congenital fibrosarcoma of the forearm in a new born

Abstract Fibrosarcomas (FS) are rare malignant soft tissues tumors in pediatrics, classified in the heterogeneous non rhabdomyosarcomas group of malignant mesenchymal tumors. It is a pathology of children under 5 years, and the congenital fibrosarcoma (CFS) is usually being discovered the first 3 months of life. We report the case of a 3 weeks old new born presented with a rapidly progressive forearm mass. The diagnosis was established by histology. The patient went through chemotherapy.

Clinical and pathologic analysis of intermediate fibroblastic/myofibroblastic tumors in infants and young children

Objective To study the incidence and clinicopathological features of intermediate fibroblastic/myofibroblastic tumors(IF/MFT) in infants and the young children. Methods All available cases with soft tissue tumors in infants and children were retrieved from the files of Women and Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, from January 2012 to December 2017.The incidence rate of IF/MFT was observed.Cases of IF/MFT were identified and investigated by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry by reviewing the related literature. Results Among 290 soft tissue tumors, 15 cases(5.2%) were IF/MFT, accounted for 88.2%(15/17 cases) of borderline soft tissue tumors.Twelve cases were male, 3 cases were female, the median age was 8 months, and 4 cases were congenital.Clinically, 11 cases were presented with slow-growing painless masses located in the trunk or extremities.According to histopathology, 9 cases(60.0%) were categorized as infantile fibromatosis(IFM), including 5 cases(33.3%) desmoid-type and 4 cases(26.7%) diffuse-type; 3 cases(20.0%) as lipofibromatosis(LFM); 2 cases(13.3%) as infantile fibrosarcoma(IFS) and 1 case(6.7%) as giant cell fibroblastoma(GCF). All 15 tumors were characterized by the presence of spindle fibroblasts and myofibroblasts with infiltration of the surrounding structures.Immunohistochemically, all the 15 cases were diffusely positive for Vimentin(Vim), but negative for Myogenin, MyoD1, Desmin and S-100.Smooth muscle actin(SMA), β-catenin and Bcl-2 were positive in some cases to a certain degree.The Ki-67 proliferation index was higher in diffuse-type IFM and IFS, the former was 5.0%-20.0%, and the latter was about 20.0%, however, the other cases showed Ki-67 <5.0%.The main clinical treatment was complete or extensive excision. Conclusions IF/MFT accounts for a high proportion of intermediate soft tissue tumors in infants and young children, mostly seen in male children, and IFM and LFM are the main types.The clinical signs and symptoms associated with these tumors are often nonspecific, and their histopathologic manifestations may overlap.The final diagnosis of IF/MFT must depend on the characteristics of age, location, histopathologic changes and immunohistoche-mical findings. Key words: Soft tissue neoplasm; Fibroblastic/myofibroblastic tumor; Clinicopathology; Immunohistochemistry

Abstract 3421: Comparison of mutations in different subtypes of sarcomas and its clinical implications

Abstract Background: Sarcoma is a malignant cancer that arises from transformed cells of mesenchymal origin. Sarcoma has the characteristics of low incidence and wide distribution of onset age. Sarcoma patients have poor prognosis and very limited selection of approved targeted drugs. Till now, the genomic features of sarcoma patients in China have not been well understood. Here we present the comprehensive genomic features of 202 sarcoma patients and compared mutations in different subtypes of sarcomas. Methods: Deep sequencing targeting 450 cancer genes was performed on FFPE and matched blood samples collected from 202 sarcoma patients. Based on the histology patients included 33 osteosarcoma (OS), 24 rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), 20 liposarcoma (LPS), 19 fibrosarcoma (FBS), 16 leiomyosarcoma (LMS), 14 Ewing’s sarcoma (ES), 11 hemangiosarcoma (HMS), 10 synovial sarcoma (SS), 9 chondrosarcoma (CDS), and 46 others in this study. Genomic alterations (GAs) including single nucleotide variants (SNVs), insertions and deletions, copy number variations (CNV) and fusions were assessed. Results: Based on the deep sequencing results, there are 1219 somatic mutations detected in all 202 sarcomas, average 6.0 mutations per sample. The most common GAs of LPS, ES and SS’s are consistent with those mentioned in NCCN guidelines (MDM2 55%, EWSR1 78.6% and SS18 80%, respectively). OS, RMS and LMS shared the same most common GAs of TP53 (25%-50%). The second ranked common GAs were NCOR1 (24%), FRS2 (20.8%), ATRX (25%) genes, and the third ranked GAs were RB1 (24%), CDK4 (16.7%) and MAP2K4 (25%) genes. 161/202 patients (79.7%) harbored at least one actionable mutations which might benefit from FDA approved drugs or drugs were under investigation in clinical trials. All FBS, 93.8% LMS and 90.9% HMS have actionable mutations, however, only 10% SS and 35.7% ES have actionable mutations. 8 samples have CNV (including MDM2/4, EGFR and CCND1) which was related to hyper-progression of immunotherapy. All these 8 samples were bone tumor including 4 OS, 1 CDS, 2 ES and 1 fibrosarcoma of bone. Conclusions: Through the comprehensive genomic profiling, different types of sarcomas showed different characteristics of genomic alterations, and potential therapeutic targets may be identified for the patients. Further, NGS provides information on whether or not patients may have the potential hyper-progression of immunotherapy. Citation Format: Xinghua Song, Zuping Lian, YanBin Xiao, Kunpeng Bu, Ye Qiu, Tao Ji, Dan Liu, Angen Liu, Kai Wang. Comparison of mutations in different subtypes of sarcomas and its clinical implications [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3421.

The histologic spectrum of soft tissue spindle cell tumors with NTRK3 gene rearrangements.

NTRK3-rearranged tumors other than infantile fibrosarcomas (IFSs) harboring the canonical ETV6-NTRK3 fusions are uncommon, and include mainly inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Herein, we describe an additional subset of seven tumors sharing NTRK3 gene rearrangements. The cohort included five females and two males (age range 1-67 years). Tumors were located in extremities, trunk, retroperitoneum, or intra-abdominal. In all tumors, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed rearrangements in NTRK3 accompanied by NTRK3 amplification in two cases. In three cases, RNA sequencing identified a fusion transcript composed of NTRK3 exon 14 fused to ETV6, TFG, and TPM4, respectively, retaining the NTRK3 kinase domain. All tumors were positive for pan-TRK by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Two cases showed low- to intermediate-grade histology composed of monomorphic spindle cells arranged in a patternless architecture, stromal bands, and perivascular rings of hyalinized collagen and coexpression of S100 and CD34. The remaining five cases were high-grade fascicular monomorphic spindle cell sarcomas, morphologically somewhat reminiscent of either malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) or fibrosarcomas (FSs). Two high-grade NTRK3 sarcomas showed aggressive clinical behavior with development of lung metastases. Identification of high-grade NTRK3-rearranged sarcomas is clinically important, since the development of selective NTRK inhibitors has opened new avenues for targeted therapy. Although IHC for pan-TRK can be applied as a screening tool, molecular studies are recommended for a conclusive diagnosis of NTRK-rearranged neoplasms.

Treatment of soft tissue sarcoma with a novel cold plasma jet.

e22562 Background: Soft tissue sarcoma is a malignant tumor that most often develops in adults, but can occur in children as well. Treatment with radiation, en bloc surgical resection and chemotherapy have achieved long-term survival rates up to 65% to 80% in non-metastatic disease. Local microscopic tumor cells can still exist despite complete R-0 surgical excision of the tumor. A novel technology Cold Atmospheric plasma (CAP) is an emerging technology that has shown promising anticancer effects i.e anti-mitotic and less effective on non-cancerous tissue. A new field has developed in medicine Plasma Onco-therapeutics. CAP treatment has the potential to improve the outcome of osteosarcoma patients. Methods: CAP was generated using a US Medical Innovations LLC (USMI) SS-601 MCa high-frequency electrosurgical generator (USMI, Takoma Park, MD, USA) integrated with Canady Cold Plasma Conversion Unit and connected to a Canady Helios Cold Plasma Scalpel. Three types of human sarcoma cells, synovial sarcoma (SW982), connective tissue fibro sarcoma (HT-1080), and rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) were used in this study to test the effect of the CAP generated by the Canady Cold Plasma Conversion System. Cells were treated with various CAP settings including different helium flow rates (1 and 3 LPM) and power settings (20-120p) in order to establish an optimal treatment condition for each cell line. Viability was performed on the cells using MTT assay 48 hours after CAP treatment. Student t test was performed on the data (*p &lt; 0.05). Results: The reduction of the viability of all three sarcomas were dose-dependent and significantly reduced at various time and power combinations tested (Figure 1-3). Helium flow alone did not significantly impact cell viability. The decrease in viability of the sarcoma cells when using 1 LPM required a higher dose. About 20 to 40% of viability reduction was seen on the three cell lines. With 3LPM, viability was reduced to 20% using 80p 2 min for SW982 and HT-1080, and 100p 2min for RD. Conclusions: Our data demonstrates that CAP reduced sarcoma cell viability in a time- and power-dependent manner. With optimal dosage for each cancer type, this study provides a promising treatment for future therapeutic interventions for soft tissue sarcomas.

Muscle group excision is an effective and safe surgical treatment for soft tissue sarcoma of thigh

Objective To evaluate the local recurrence rate, limb function and complications of soft tissue sarcoma of thigh after muscle group resection. Methods Between January 2009 and August 2016, twenty-threepatients who were diagnosed as soft tissue sarcoma for the first time in our hospital, receiving thigh quadriceps muscle group resection, adductor muscle group resection or posterior compartment of the thigh resection were incorporated into this study. Patients who had received surgery of this lesion before, suffered from recurrent soft tissue tumor, had tumor involved multiple muscle groups which could not be resected completely, had sciatic nerve or femoral artery or vein affected by tumor or had distal metastasis were excluded. This retrospective study consisted of 12 male and 11 female. The age ranged from 20-80 with the average of 52. All the patients received CT and MRI of thigh to figure out the size of tumor, the invaded extension of the lesion and the specific muscle group involved. Chest CT scan and ultrasound of bilateral inguinal lymph nodes were arranged to exclude the tumor metastases. After all these examinations were done, needle biopsy with the guidance of CT scan was performed for the pathological diagnosis. The pathology included undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (7 cases), rhabdomyosarcoma (2 cases), primitive neurotodermal tumor (1 case), synovial sarcoma (1 case), leiomyosarcoma (3 cases), fibrosarcoma (5 cases) and liposarcoma (4 cases). Sixpatients received quadriceps muscle group resection, eightpatients received adductor muscle group resection and the other 9 patients received posterior compartment of the thigh resection. Patients with undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, primitive neurotodermal tumor and synovial sarcoma received postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. None of patients received radiotherapy. After surgery, drainage tube of negative pressure was placed until the volume of drainage was less than 50 ml within 24 h. The affected thigh was bound up tightly. Intravenous antibiotics were used for 3 days to prevent from postoperative infections. Patients received quadriceps muscle group resection stayed in the bed for 4 weeks. After that they could walk with the protection of orthosis with unbending position. Other patients got out of bed after 2 weeks. All the complications after surgery were recorded. Reexaminations were arranged in 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after surgery separately. After that, reexamination was arranged every half a year. Chest CT scan was used to detect lung metastasis and ultrasound or MRI was arranged for local recurrence. Lower limb function after surgery was evaluated by MSTS scores. Results All the surgeries of muscle group excision were successfully completed. The duration of surgery ranged 1.5-3.5 h with the average of 2.2 h. The bleeding volume during surgery ranged 100-1 100 mL with the average of 313 mL. The follow-up was a mean of 41 months (range, 17-108 months). None was lost to follow-up. The local recurrence rate was 4.3% (1/23). One patient with undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma had positive surgical margin, who received posterior compartment of the thigh resection. Local recurrence occurred 6 months after surgery. Then he received expanded resection. Six patients had distant metastases, five patients for lung metastases, one patient for lung and inguinal lymph node metastases. Of these, five patients had died and one lived with the metastasis. The median MSTS score was 26.3 points (range, 14-30 points). Specifically, the median musculoskeletal tumor society (MSTS) score was 28 points (range, 21-30 points) for 9 patients with posterior compartment of the thigh resection, twenty-nine points (range, 27-30 points) for 8 patients with adductor muscle group resection, and 20.3 points (range, 14-24 points) for 6 patients with quadriceps muscle group resection. Five patients had complications, including local recurrence (1 case), hematoma (2 cases) and cutaneous necrosis (2 cases), all of which were settled by reoperation. The rate of complication was 21.7%. Conclusion Muscle group resection is an effective surgical treatment for soft tissue sarcoma of thigh, which could reduce the risk of local recurrence, apart from quadriceps muscle group resection, the other two muscle group resections have limited impact on lower limb function, additionally, thigh muscle group resection is a safe procedure with few complications. Key words: Sarcoma; Pathology, surgical; Neoplasm recurrence, local; Treatment outcome

The NADPH Oxidase Nox4 controls polarization of macrophages in a NFκB-dependent manner.

The family of NADPH oxidases represents a source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Within this family, Nox4 is special, as it constitutively produces H2O2. The loss of Nox4 promotes inflammation. A major cellular component of inflammation is the macrophage population, which divides in several subpopulations with pro-inflammatory M1 and wound-healing M2 macrophages being extremes of the functional spectrum of these cells. As controversial findings on Nox4 expression in macrophages exist, we hypothesize that Nox4 expression is only present in a subpopulation of macrophages, where it may determine the phenotype. In a murine inflammation-driven fibro sarcoma model Nox4-deficiency results an increase in the expression of pro-inflammatory genes and cytokines and higher amounts of pro-inflammatory Ly6C+ macrophages in the tumors. Ex vivo, bone marrow-derived macrophages deficient in Nox4 displayed a reduced M2 polarization whereas M1 markers were elevated. ROS levels where augmented in Nox4-/- cells polarized to M1 accompanied by a higher expression of Nox2. Mechanistically, Nox4-deficiency reduces STAT6 activation and promotes NFκB activity, with the latter being responsible for the higher level of Nox2 in Nox4-deficient M1-polarized macrophages. Collectively the data obtained in this study propose an anti-inflammatory role of Nox4 in macrophages. This is achieved by an enhanced M2 polarization and a suppression of NFκB activity.

Werner Syndrome: A Case Report of Two Brothers of Pangeria

Werner syndrome is considered inherited premature ageing and genomic instability syndrome. It is an autosomal recessive disorder in which aging process is accelerated starting after puberty. It is also termed as Progeria adultorum. The hallmark features are short stature, senile facies, scleroderma like skin (dry atrophic skin, mottled darkness, telangiectasia, sclerodactyly, and gangrene), cataract, hypogonadism, contractures of skin over joint, premature atherosclerosis, loss of subcutaneous fat and ulcers over feet and leg. Treatment of painful ulcers is difficult with increased risk of malignancy (fibro sarcoma in 10% of patients). Death is usually occurring in the fourth to sixth decade due to myocardial infarction or malignancy. We reported 2 brothers of Pangeria of positive consanguinity parents the older is 40 years old, short stature, senile facies with bilateral hip joint replacement, chronic leg ulcer, bilateral cataract extraction and the younger is 35 years old, short stature, senile facies, infertile, previous cataract extraction with bone deformity. The later presented to us in outpatient clinic, Internal Medicine department, Tanta university Hospital, Egypt for preoperative assessment for cataract operation. We admit the patient to investigate him and to confirm our provisional diagnosis as regard Werner syndrome. As no definite treatment for this disorder and death usually occurs in the fourth to sixth decade, early diagnosis and follow up is beneficial and screening for malignancies and associated diseases should be performed regularly.

Effects of Edaravone on protein expression of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase signaling pathway in elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke

Objective To investigate the effects of Edaravone on cognitive dysfunction and on protein expression of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase(MAPK/ERK)signaling pathway in elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods A total of 100 elderly patients with acute ischemic cerebral stroke admitted to our hospital from January 2011 to December 2015 were enrolled in this study.During the corresponding period, 100 healthy individuals receiving regular check-ups were selected as the control group.The effects of Edaravone on cognitive function in elderly patients with acute ischemic cerebral stroke were assessed.Serum proteins related to the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway were assayed. Results Elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke showed obvious cognitive dysfunction, and scores on memory, orientation, attention, calculation language and recall significantly decreased(P<0.01)but returned to normal after Edaravone treatment(P<0.01). Compared with the control group, serum protein expression of rat sarcoma(Ras), rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma(Raf), hypoxia inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α), connective tissue growth factor(CTGF), extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase(ERK1), ERK2, MAPK/ERK kinase(MEK), interleukin-1(IL-1), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase(TIMP), nerve growth factor(NGF)and its receptors was significantly downregulated(P<0.01), while expression of leptin and its receptors was upregulated in elderly patients with acute ischemic cerebral stroke(P<0.01). Expression levels of the above downregulated proteins clearly recovered after Edaravone treatment(P<0.01). Conclusions Edaravone has favorable effects on cognition dysfunction in elderly patients with acute ischemic cerebral stroke, which may be related to the regulation of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Key words: Mitogen-activatedprotein kinase kinases; Protein kinases; Edaravone; Stroke; Cognition disorders

Application of gastric tube esophagoplasty to complicated diseases of esophagus in children

To summarize the experience of applying gastric tube esophagoplasty for complicated diseases of esophagus in children and the short-middle-term efficacy. A retrospective and observational case series study was performed. (1) burn length of esophagus > 2 cm, multisegmental or extensive esophageal scar stenosis, and about 6 months after burn; (2) longitudinal diameter of esophageal tumor > 2 cm, or esophagus considered as impossible to reserve;(3) Severe esophageal fistula with diameter > 2 cm, or relapse again after ≥3 times of repair; (4) Tracheal cartilaginous esophageal heterotopia with a length of >2 cm or no end to end anastomosis after removal of the esophageal lesion. patients with severe cardiopulmonary insufficiency, or poor prognosis of gastric primary disease; the gastric volume did not allow long enough gastric tube; the parents did not accept the surgery. According to above criteria, 36 children with complicated diseases of esophagus who underwent gastric tube esophagoplasty at Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center from March 2010 to June 2017 were enrolled into this study. Among 36 children, 27 were with corrosive strictures of esophagus, 5 with esophageal tumor, 3 with severe esophageal fistula, and 1 with tracheal cartilaginous esophageal heterotopia. Above-mentioned 27 cases with corrosive strictures of esophagus underwent gastric tube esophagoplasty via retrosternal route with preservation of the original esophagus. The other 9 cases underwent resection for esophageal lesion and gastric tube esophagoplasty via prevertebral route. The construction of gastric tube was as follows: the stomach was cut along the lesser curvature from pylorus to cardia and fundus of stomach with stapler, making the diameter of the gastric tube equal to pylorus. Operative time, intra-operative bleeding, time of mechanical ventilation, anastomotic leakage, anastomotic stricture were observed. The postoperative short-middle-term growth presentation of children was evaluated according to CDC 2000 children growth evaluation table(2 to 20 years). All the 36 children survived their operations successfully. Nine cases underwent esophagectomy for lesion esophagus and the other 27 cases received preservation of original esophagus. Average time of postoperative mechanical ventilation was 8 (4-20) hours. Three cases developed anastomotic leakage and were healed after one week. Eight cases developed anastomotic stricture and resumed normal diet after balloon expansion. The patients were followed up from 6 months to 7 years. Five cases were found to have esophageal cyst 4-8 months after the operation, and received resection. One children with infantile esophageal fibrosarcoma recurred 3 weeks after the operation and died 2 weeks later because the family abandoned the treatment. The quality of life of 35 cases was improved significantly. Short-middle-term body height and weight in 85.7%(30/35) children met basically the criteria of CDC 2000 children growth evaluation table. Gastric tube esophagoplasty can effectively treat the children with complicated esophagus diseases with good short-middle-term efficacy, and is a recommended esophageal replacement surgery.

Circulation perfusion culture of insulin-producing cells using rat decellularized pancreatic scaffolds

Objective To cultivate mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs) drived insulin-producing cells (IPCs) in rat decellularized pancreatic scaffolds and evaluate the growth and function of cells. Methods Decellularized pancreatic scaffolds were obtained by continuous perfusion of detergent by the splenic artery. HE staining, Masson staining, DNA content, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content, extracellular matrix (ECM), biological compatibility were adopted to evaluate the result. mBMSCs were differentiated into IPCs via infected by pancreatic and duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX-1), neurogenic differentiation-1 (NeuroD1) and V-mar musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homologue A (MafA). Immunofluorescence and real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) were detected of insulin expression of the IPCs. The IPCs were exposed to a glucose gradient and insulin release was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay. The IPCs were cultivated in the decellularized pancreatic scaffolds in the circulation perfusion device. Hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) and immunofluorescence were implemented to evaluate the growth and function of cells. The insulin gene expression was compared with traditional culture by FQ-PCR. Results After perfused of detergent, HE staining and Masson staining demonstrated no residual cells remained and most of the collagen fiber components were well retained. DNA content of decellularized scaffolds was (44.92±3.89) ng/mg (t=15.160, P=0.001)and GAG content was (30.27±2.70) ng/mg, (t=2.862, P=0.046). Immunohistochemical staining showed collagen I and fibronectin were retained. Scaffolds were desirable biocompatibility. Immunofluorescence and FQ-PCR showed gene and protein expression of insulin after infected by PDX-1, NeuroD1 and MafA. The IPCs were glucose responsiveness to different glucose concentration according to ELISA assay. After cultivated in the decellularized pancreatic scaffolds, HE and immunofluorescence demostrated that the IPCs grew well in the scaffolds. FQ-PCR showed that insulin gene expression was increased compared with the traditional two-dimensional culture (t=15.030, P=0.004). Conclusion The rat decellularized pancreatic scaffolds not only preserved the ECM and structure of vascular, but also good biocompatibility. The IPCs differentiated from mBMSCs had the gene expression of insulin expression. The decellularized pancreatic scaffolds not only supported the growth and function of IPCs, but provided a favourable platform compared with the two-dimensional culture. Key words: Pancreas; Decellularized scaffolds; Diabetes; Tissue engineering

Outcomes following surgical excision or surgical excision combined with adjunctive, hypofractionated radiotherapy in dogs with oral squamous cell carcinoma or fibrosarcoma.

OBJECTIVE To compare outcomes of dogs treated surgically for oral, nontonsillar, squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and fibrosarcomas (FSAs) with outcomes of dogs treated with a combination of surgery and postoperative radiotherapy; to explore whether postoperative, hypofractionated radiotherapy improved outcomes of dogs with incomplete excisions; and to identify prognostic factors associated with outcome. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. ANIMALS 87 client-owned dogs that had undergone maxillectomy or mandibulectomy for treatment of oral SCC or FSA between 2000 and 2009. PROCEDURES Medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Survival analysis was performed with Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses to evaluate potential prognostic factors associated with patient outcome. RESULTS Median survival time (MST) for all 87 dogs was 2,049 days, but was not reached for dogs with SCC, and was only 557 days for dogs with FSA; tumor type was a significant predictor of survival time. Dogs undergoing postoperative radiotherapy after incomplete excision of oral SCCs had a significantly longer MST (2,051 days) than did dogs with incompletely excised tumors and no radiotherapy (MST, 181 days). Postoperative radiotherapy of dogs with incompletely excised FSAs did not appear to offer protective value (MST, 299 days with radiotherapy and 694 days without radiotherapy). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Wide-margin surgical excision should be considered the gold-standard treatment for dogs with oral SCC or FSA. For dogs with oral SCCs without clean surgical margins, survival times may be improved by providing postoperative, hypofractionated radiotherapy.

Use propeller perforator flap to repair the skin malignancies wound on the back of the shoulder

Objective To discuss the therapeutic effect of free perforator flap of the humeral back and the healing of the wound after the removal of the malignant tumor. Methods From January, 2012 to June, 2016, 12 cases were treated as soft tissue tumors on shoulder, including 8 cases of skin juga fibrosarcoma, 3 cases of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin in 1 case. Preoperative using doppler ultrasound probe design perforator flap to expand resection, intraoperative cut edge basal tag frozen pathological examination without taking skin flap after the tumor invasion, according to the wound and wear the appropriate adjustment design of perforator flap. Followed-up to observe recurrence, flaps or ulcers, and the texture of the flap and the feel of the flap. All patients were followed-up regularly. Results All 12 patients were followed-up for 6-48 months. The flaps were all alive. The tumor did not relapse, and the flap was not swollen. The texture was consistent with the surrounding tissue. There was no ulceration of the flap. No obvious depression deformity. The outlook of flaps was satisfied, but the feeling was not.The doror sites were closed directly. Conclusion Adjacent using humeral back free perforators flap to repair the defect after tumor resection on shoulder is an easy operation. It is one of the ideal flaps to repair a malignant tumor on the back of the shoulder. Key words: Propeller flap, perforator flap; Wound repair; Malignant tumor; Back of the shoulder

Expression of IGF-1 in serum and phosphorylated IGF-1 receptor in spinal cord in mouse model of bone cancer pain

Objective To investigate the expression of insulin-like growth factors -1(IGF-1) in serum and phosphorylated IGF-1 receptor in spinal cord in mouse model of bone cancer pain. Methods Sixty male C3H/HeJ mice weighed 18-22 g were randomly divided into Sham group(n=30) and Tumor group(n=30). The mice in Tumor group were inoculated with NCTC fibrosarcoma cells in the right femur bone marrow cavity. Paw withdrawl mechanical threshold(PWMT) and the number of spontaneous flinches(NSF) were measured on 1d before inoculation and on 4 d, 7 d, 10 d, 14 d, 21 d after inoculation(n=8). At each time point, the mice of each group were taken blood by removal eyeball and the samples of blood were obtained to detect the expression of IGF-1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(n=4). The mice after taken blood on 14 d after inoculation were perfused and the samples of spinal cord lumber(L3~5) segment were obtained to detect the expression of phosphorylated IGF-1 receptor by immunofluorescence assay(n=6). Results Compared with Sham group, PWMT was significantly decreased(P<0.05) and NSF was significantly increased(P<0.05) on 7~21 d after inoculation. Compared with baseline value and Sham group(baseline value(27.33±0.52)pg/ml, Sham group(29.11±1.86)pg/ml, (24.51±3.61)pg/ml, (23.33±4.59)pg/ml, (25.29±2.99)pg/ml), the expression of IGF-1 in serum was significantly increased on 7~21 d after inoculation in Tumor group((39.76±3.92)pg/ml, (36.93±2.18)pg/ml, (38.85±2.40)pg/ml, (39.70±2.62)pg/ml). The mean fluorescence intensity of phosphorylated IGF-1 receptor was significantly higher on 14d after inoculation in Tumor group(2.40±0.11) compared with Sham group(0.05±0.01). Conclusion Expression of IGF-1 in serum and phosphorylated IGF-1 receptor in spinal cord were significantly increased in mice with bone cancer pain, and this change may be involved in the development and maintenance of bone cancer pain. Key words: Bone cancer pain; Insulin like growth factor-1; Phosphorylation insulin like growth factor-1 receptor

Imaging findings of bone sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma: a case report

Imaging findings of bone sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma: a case report

Inhibitory Effect of Hizikia fusiformis Solvent-Partitioned Fractions on Invasion and MMP Activity of HT1080 Human Fibrosarcoma Cells.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are endopeptidases that take significant roles in extracellular matrix degradation and therefore linked to several complications such as metastasis of cancer progression, oxidative stress, and hepatic fibrosis. Hizikia fusiformis, a brown algae, was reported to possess bioactivities, including but not limited to, antiviral, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory partly due to bioactive polysaccharide contents. In this study, the potential of H. fusiformis against cancer cell invasion was evaluated through the MMP inhibitory effect in HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells in vitro. H. fusiformis crude extract was fractionated with organic solvents, H2O, n-BuOH, 85% aqueous MeOH, and n-hexane (n-Hex). The non-toxicity of the fractions was confirmed by MTT assay. All fractions inhibited the enzymatic activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 according to the gelatin zymography assay. Cell migration was also significantly inhibited by the n-Hex fraction. In addition, both gene and protein expressions of MMP-2 and -9, and tissue inhibitor of MMPs (TIMPs) were evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. The fractions suppressed the mRNA and protein levels of MMP-2, MMP-9 while elevating the TIMP-1 and TIMP-2, with the H2O fraction being the least effective while n-Hex fraction the most. Collectively, the n-Hex fraction from brown algae H. fusiformis could be a potential inhibitor of MMPs, suggesting the presence of various derivatives of polysaccharides in high amounts.

The preliminary report of cooled microwave ablation combined with percutaneous vertebro plasty(PVP) in the treatment of spinal metastases

Objective To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of the treatment for spinal metastases by cooled microwave ablation combined with percutaneous vertebro plasty(PVP). Methods From February 2014 to January 2017, 24 patients with spinal metastases were treated with cooled microwave ablation combined with PVP, including 14 males and 10 females with an average age of 58.2 years (range, 32 to 73). Preoperatively all the patients suffered with the local pain and the spinal cord or nerve root compression symptoms. The locations of the lesions included: 14 in the thoracic and 10 in the lumbar. The primary tumors type: lung cancer 6 cases, breast cancer 3 cases, liver cancer 2 cases, kidney cancer 2 cases, gastric cancer 1 case, prostate cancer 1 case, ovarian cancer 1 case, osteosarcoma 1 case, fibrosarcoma 1 case, colon cancer 1 case, and unknown source tumor 5 cases. The preoperative Tomita score was 4-7 points (mean 6.3 points), and the Tokuhashi score was 8-11 points (average 9.3 points). 23 patients with the spinal metastatic were treated with cooled microwave ablation combined with PVP. 1 patient were treated with cooled microwave ablation only. The clinical outcomes were evaluated using visual analogue scale (VAS) and Frankel grading. The local control rate was evaluated by imaging. Resuits All cases were followed up for 5 to 36 months. The tumor volume size was 3.2-12.1 cm3 by preoperative measurement. Each lesion was heated to 3-7 hot zones. Each hot zone was heated for 5 minutes. The total heating time was 15-35 minutes (mean 22.1 minutes). The temperature inside the lesion was (56.2±5.83) ℃. The temperature inside the spinal canal was (33.6±5.14) ℃. The visual analogue scale (VAS) of the 24 patients at 24 hours and 3 months after operation was statistically different from the preoperative visual analogue scale (VAS). The Frankel grading of 19 patients had at least one grade improvement 3 months after operation. 6 cases died due to systemic multiple metastases 5-8 months after surgery. 9 patients had more than one organ metastasis or bone metastasis during follow-up, and survived with tumors. The remaining 9 cases did not recur or transfer during the follow up period. No nerve damage or other complications were observed in all patients. Conclusion The cooled microwave ablation combined with PVP could relieve the pain in spinal metastases, relieve the nerve compression, and reconstruct the stability, which is a safe and effective palliative surgical method. Key words: Spine; Neoplasm metastasis; Palliative care; Microwaves; Vertebroplasty

Novel aspects of application of cadmium telluride quantum dots nanostructures in radiation oncology

In the last two decades, quantum dots nanomaterials have garnered a great deal of scientific interest because of their unique properties. Quantum dots (QDs) are inorganic fluorescent nanocrystals in the size range between 1 and 20 nm. Due to their structural properties, they possess distinctive properties and behave in different way from crystals in macro scale, in many branches of human life. Cadmium telluride quantum dots (CdTe QDs) were labeled with 68Ga radio nuclide for fast in vivo targeting and coincidence imaging of tumors. Using instant paper chromatography, the physicochemical properties of the Cadmium telluride quantum dots labeled with 68Ga NPs (68Ga@ CdTe QDs) were found high enough stable in organic phases, e.g., a human serum, to be reliably used in bioapplications. In vivo biodistribution of the 68Ga@ CdTe QDs nanoconposite was investigated in rats bearing fibro sarcoma tumor after various post-injection periods of time. The 68Ga NPs exhibited a rapid as well as high tumor uptake in a very short period of time (less than 10 min), resulting in an efficient tumor targeting/imaging agent. Meantime, the low lipophilicity of the 68Ga NPs caused to their fast excretion throughout the body by kidneys (as also confirmed by the urinary tract). Because of the short half-life of 68Ga radionuclide, the 68Ga@ CdTe QDs with an excellent tumor targeting/imaging and fast washing out from the body can be suggested as one of the most effective and promising nanomaterials in nanotechnology-based cancer diagnosis and therapy.