Fiber Research Articles

The use of an energy feed additive in the rations of highly productive cows of Ayrshire breed

Under the conditions in the Vologda region the organization of complete feeding of cows in highly productive herds is especially difficult, since the range of harvested feed is reduced and their quality issues remain problematic. In the region many of the normalized nutrients in the rations of dairy cattle are limiting, which reduces the effi ciency of production of its products. The purpose of the work was to increase the effi ciency of milk production when using the energy additive Tirzana BSK in the rations of highly productive cows of Ayrshire breed. Studies on the eff ectiveness of the use of the energy additive Tirzana BSK were carried out in the winter-stall period of housing cows on the basis of the agricultural complex “Maysky Breeding Farm” in the Vologda region. A comprehensive research of the technology of milk production with the use of an energy additive in the rations of cows was carried out It was found that as a result of feeding the energy additive Tirzana BSK, there is an improvement in the digestibility of nutrients in rations, especially organic matter and fi ber. Higher digestibility coeffi cients in animals of experimental groups are obviously achieved due to the optimization of microbiological processes in the gastrointestinal tract due to the components of the additive, which includes propylene glycol, glycerin, polysaccharides and a complex of biologically active substances. Feeding Tirzana BSK additive has a positive eff ect on increasing milk productivity without reducing product quality. New data on the animal husbandry and economic feasibility of using the energy additive in feeding cows with a milk yield of over 8500 kg of milk per lactation have been obtained, which make it possible to identify additional reserves for increasing milk yields with rational expenditure of feed. The use of the energy additive Tirzana BSK in feeding highly productive cows of Ayrshire is economically justified, especially during periods of late dry period and the first 100 days of lactation.

Association of GH gene polymorphism with meat quality traits in meat and wool sheep

Increasing the productivity and effi ciency of lamb production is a key factor in the competitiveness of the meat sheep industry. Therefore, in order to conduct sheep breeding more effectively it is necessary to apply new approaches to increase and improve the quality of products.Considerable interest are modern technologies involving the use of DNA markers, which are widely used in national breeding programs of a number of countries with developed animal husbandry and have a signifi cant impact on improving productivity indicators. A significant number of genes associated with meat productivity and meat quality have been identifi ed. However, in sheep breeding, information about the main genes or loci that affect the growth characteristics and productive traits of sheep is relatively limited. Due to the growing interest in the production of young mutton and lamb, priority is given to the study of genes that control meat productivity. The greatest interests are studies on the evaluation of the polymorphism of the growth hormone (GH) gene, which controls growth and development, as well as infl uencing the meat productivity of sheep. In this regard, the purpose of this work was research aimed at fi nding associations between polymorphic variants of the growth hormone gene and the qualitative characteristics of meat in meat and wool sheep of the genotype ½ Poll Dorset × ½ North Caucasian Meat and Wool breed bred in the Stavropol Territory. The data obtained when studying the histostructure of the m. Longissimus dorsi, depending on the genotypes of GH gene, indicate that the muscle tissue in individuals with AB and BB genotypes was characterized by a large number of muscle fi bers by 5,7 and 6,4 %, their smaller diameter by 7,6 and 9,2 %, and a lower content of connective tissue compared to animals with the genotype AA of GH gene.

Impact Assessment of Adoption of Innovative Jute Production Technologies Developed by ICAR-CRIJAF

ICAR- Central Research Institute of jute and allied fi bres (CRIJAF) has developed a technology cluster of four diff erent technologies- CRIJAF SONA, CRIJAF Nail Weeder, Multirow seed drill and improved seed variety JRO 204 (Suren). It has promised to increase the productivity of the jute fi bres at the same time reduce the cost of cultivation by cutting off the labour requirements. In this context the villages of 24 Parganas (N) and Nadia districts of West Bengal were selected where the institute has already disseminated its innovative technologies. Two categories of 40 farmers, consisting of adopter and non-adopters, each from the two villages were selected in order to carry out the study in the year 2021. Total 160 respondents were selected as sample. The objective was to determine the impact of the interventions on the fi bre yield, cost of cultivation, income and labour requirement in the jute farming using z-test as well as paired t test. The results revealed that adoption of the innovative jute production technologies have indeed brought positive impact by increasing the fi bre yield and income as well as reduced the labour requirement and cultivation costs

MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF THE PANCREAS IN THE THIRD TRIMESTER OF INTRACTUAL DEVELOPMENT

In the third trimester of fetal development, the software continues to increase signifi cantly in weight. The organ has already undergone the formation of the architecture of a complex alveolar- tubular gland, but the processes of morphofunctional diff erentiation of both the stromal- vascular component and the parenchyma of the pancreas are still ongoing. Particularly active in this period is the process of diff erentiation in the cells of the exocrine and endocrine parts of the parenchyma of the pancreas. We used 30 human objects from 305.0 mm to 500.0 mm of parietal-heel length. On histological preparations of PZ at their staining with hematoxylin and eosin, the already formed particle structure is clearly observed. The capsule is thin and dense, represented by connective tissue. Among its connective tissue structures, in comparison with the early fetal period of embryogenesis, the number of collagen fi bers increases signifi cantly. There are no mesenchymal cells among the stroma cells, but the number of specialized fi broblastic cells is increasing: young and mature fi broblasts with the appearance of single fi brocytes. From the inner surface of the capsule in the thickness of the organ depart trabeculae, similar to the capsule of histological structure. There is a large number of vessels in the connective tissue of the trabeculae. The thickness of the interparticle connective tissue between the already formed particles of the software, compared with the previous term, decreases signifi cantly, and the overall size of the particles themselves increases accordingly. In the interparticle connective tissue are blood and lymphatic vessels of the body with the main duct of the pancreas and interparticle excretory ducts. The main duct of the pancreas is externally surrounded by a massive layer of loose connective tissue, which increases the number of collagen and elastic fi bers and fi broblastic cells. In the thickness of the loose connective tissue of its own plate there are single, already formed, secretory departments of the mucous glands. In fetuses from 28-32 weeks of gestation, the secretion of mucous secretions is already observed and gradually begin to perform their secretory function I-cells. Vessels entwine a dense network of all structural and functional components of the lobe. Theinterparticle ducts branching give rise to rather short intraparticle ducts, which in turn give rise to interacinous. Inlet ducts are a continuation of interacinous ducts. The connection of the pancreatic acini with the insertion ducts gives rise to the entire system of excretory ducts of the exocrine part of the pancreas. The vast majority of the islets of Langerhans are observed in the head of the software, towards the tail, their number and size are gradually decreasing. By the end of the prenatal period of ontogenesis, the pancreas, as an organ of the digestive system, begins to perform its specifi c functions. However, in full its morphofunctional formation does not end and continues it in the postnatal period.

Sympathectomy and Neuromodulation in the Treatment of Critical Lower Limb Ischemia

INTRODUCTION Critical lower limb ischemia is a widespread disease that occurs due to atherosclerotic lesions of the arteries with progressive narrowing of their lumen. Clinically critical ischemia is manifested by pain at rest, resistant to narcotic analgesics, and/or ulcerative necrotic process on the legs. In the absence of treatment, patients undergo amputation of the lower limb. Almost all patients die 10 years after amputation of the lower limb at the level of the thigh. Currently, there are following methods of treatment of critical ischemia: conservative therapy, direct revascularization, lumbar sympathectomy and neurostimulation.AIM OF STUDY To present the data of modern scientifi c literature on the use of lumbar sympathectomy and epidural spinal cord stimulation in the treatment of critical lower limb ischemia.MATERIAL AND METHODS This review presents the latest data obtained as a result of studying domestic and foreign literature on the treatment of critical lower limb ischemia with lumbar sympathectomy and epidural spinal cord stimulation. Currently, lumbar sympathectomy is performed by surgical (open, mini-access and endoscopic) and percutaneous (chemical or radiofrequency) methods. Percutaneous access is becoming widespread due to its minimally invasiveness, maximum accessibility, ease of performance and low cost. Epidural spinal cord stimulation is performed for resistant pain syndrome. The mechanism of action of spinal stimulation is to block the transmission of nerve impulses at the level of the gelatinous substance of the posterior horns of the spinal cord during stimulation of afferent fi bers of a larger diameter (type A-alpha and A-beta fi bers).CONCLUSION Spinal neurostimulation and lumbar sympathectomy are promising methods of treatment for critical lower limb ischemia in case of impossibility of direct revascularization. Lumbar sympathectomy can reduce the intensity of pain and improve the quality of life of patients. According to a number of studies, epidural spinal cord stimulation signifi cantly reduces the likelihood of amputation of the lower limb, and also reduces the intensity of pain in patients refractory to conservative therapy, as well as in those who are not indicated for direct revascularization of the arteries of the lower extremities. More large-scale studies are needed to determine the indications for the above methods.

Acute onset of chronic infl ammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy in combination with COVID-19

Acute onset of chronic infl ammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (A-CIDP) presents signifi cant diffi culties in differential diagnosis with acute infl ammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP). The article presents review of literature about diff erential diagnosis between A-CIDP and AIDP and a clinical case of A-CIDP at 26-year-old man. The disease started after vaccination against infl uenza and an episode of enteritis, the clinical picture matched Guillain–Barré syndrome criteria, according to electromyography data: demyelinating lesion of the left facial nerve, motor and sensory fi bers of the median and ulnar nerves on both sides, demyelinating lesions of motor fi bers of the tibial nerve and peroneal nerve on both sides. Chronic infl ammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy was diagnosed. Lack of eff ect from plasma exchange was the reason for changing the treatment to pulse therapy with prednisolone (with a subsequent transition to a 1 mg/kg dose and further reduction until canceled within 16 weeks). Response to prednisolone — rapid recovery of motor functions, which worsened signifi cantly due to a new coronavirus infection during treatment in the neurology department. Further continuation of prednisolone therapy made it possible to restore motor functions completely, except mild prosopoparesis. At the same time, deep refl exes were absent; no signifi cant EMG dynamics was observed. Considering the eff ect of glucocorticosteroids and lack of positive dynamics on the second electromyography, the patient was diagnosed as A-CIDP.

Neurodegenerative changes of retina in Parkinson disease

In Parkinson’s disease (PD), some structural changes in the retina have been shown using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Among them most attractive are atrophic changes in retinal nerve fi ber layer (RNFL). However, diagnostic signifi cance of the OCT method in PD remains debatable. Objective: to investigate a thickness of RNFL in Parkinson’s disease patients and to determine the signifi cance of the OCT method in the PD diagnostics. Materials and methods. In PD patients (n = 24) and in a control group (n = 20) OCT was used to study the thickness of RNFL — average, in quadrants and in 10 sectors. Results. In patients with PD thinning of RNFL in the inferior quadrant was revealed (p = 0.009). The sensitivity and specifi city of the method were 56% and 82%, respectively. The thickness of RNFL was not associated with parkinsonian symptoms asymmetry, duration and severity of the disease. In the control group and in PD patients, there was a relationship between the RNFL thickness and age. Conclusion. PD is characterized by atrophic changes in the retina in the form of thinning of RNFL in the inferior quadrant, which confi rms the systemic nature of neurodegenerative pathology in this disease going beyond the substantia nigra and brain tissue. At the same time, the thickness of RNFL showed limited diagnostic value for detecting PD cases.

Генетические аспекты функционирования и деградации коллагеновых волокон в коже

Th e condition of collagen fi bres in the skin directly aff ects its mechanical properties, which in turn aff ects the external condition of the skin, refl ecting the age of a person. Th at is why the genetic aspects of the synthesis, functioning and degradation of collagen fi bres are of great interest in cosmetology and dermatology. Quite a large number of patients turn to cosmetologists in order to correct the external manifestations of aging. Classically, procedures are carried out to correct collagen synthesis, but development of personalised pathogenetically based therapy of involutional skin changes requires understanding of features of the main links of exchange in collagen fi bres, including the processes of collagen degradation. Knowing clinical and genetic features of collagen metabolism in a particular subject, it is possible to assess the risk of premature skin ageing and develop a personalised patient management scheme. Th is review is devoted to genetic aspects of functioning of skin collagen fi bres and the features of their degradation.

Optimization of the manufacturing process of the sensitive coil of the fiber-optic gyroscope

The article considers an alternative version of the technological process of manufacturing a sensitive coil of a fi ber-optic gyroscope, namely, impregnation of the fi ber contour of the coil, pre-wound "dry". The advantages and diffi culties of the proposed method are analyzed. The test results of the fi ber-optic gyroscope are presented, and further directions of work are proposed.

АНАЛИЗ УРОВНЯ ЦЕН НА ПРОДУКЦИЮ ХИМИЧЕСКОГО КОМПЛЕКСА В РАЗРЕЗЕ ПОДОТРАСЛЕЙ ХИМИЧЕСКОЙ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ НА РОССИЙСКОМ И МИРОВОМ РЫНКАХ

The authors assessed the change in prices on the domestic and world markets for the main commodity items of the chemical industry of the Russian Federation, such as mineral fertilizers, methanol, rubber, production of organic synthesis products, production of plastics in primary forms, plastic products, rubber products, paints, chemical fi bers and threads, products of household chemicals and synthetic detergents there are few means, tires, adhesives and sealants, resins, disinfectants, production products- and medium-tonnage chemical products, caustic and calcined soda. In all positions, except for only a few, the trend of price growth has intensifi ed.

Assessment of the aortic wall histological changes with ageing.

Aim: The authors aimed to quantitatively assess the variation with age of three of the main components of the aortic wall, namely elastic fibers (FE) and collagen fibers [FC(COL)], and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Materials and Methods: Four aortic cross sections (base, cross, thoracic, abdominal) were collected during autopsy from 90 cases of all ages, processed using the classical histopathological (HP) technique (formalin fixation and paraffin embedding) and stained with Orcein and Goldner’s trichrome. The obtained histological slides were transformed into virtual slides. Quantitative measurements of the three components were made on identical regions of interest (ROIs) selected from two-paired slides stained with the above-mentioned techniques using custom-made software, developed in MATLAB (MathWorks, USA). Results and Discussions: FE revealed an obvious decreasing general trend with age, present at all four levels of investigation. Smooth muscle fibers (FM) density showed almost no variation with age regardless of the level at which the measurement was made. FC(COL) density had an obvious increasing trend with age, expressed in all four aortic regions FE densities and FM densities were higher in men than in women, while FC(COL) densities were higher in women than in men in three of the aortic regions excepting, in all cases, the cross region. Conclusions: There were differences between men and women concerning the composition of aortic wall cellular and extracellular compartments. FE and FC(COL) dominated the age-related remodeling process of the aortic wall. The process evolved in the same way in all regions of the aorta. Studies need to be continued to define more clearly this complex process of vascular wall remodeling with aging.

Morphological justifi cation of the pathogenesis of angleclosure glaucoma

Objective. To prove the role of interrelated autoimmune, hemostatic and infl ammatory mechanisms in the pathogenesis of angleclosure glaucoma on the basis of experimental morphological research. Material and methods. The work was performed on 3 denucleated eyes of patients with terminal “creeping” angle-closure glaucoma (ACG) and 2 eyes with terminal ACG during an intractable acute exacerbation. Sagittal sections through the area of Schlemm’s canal, as well as serial cross sections, were examined by the method of paraffi n sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE). To assess the degree of the infl ammatory response in the eye tissues, the density of infl ammatory cells was calculated within the standard eyepiece micrometer grid at a magnifi cation of × 20.Results. The formation of peripheral anterior synechiae between the periphery of the iris and the trabecular meshwork in the iridocorneal angle is the main etiological factor in chronic angle closure. Several mechanisms contribute to the formation of anterior synechiae. First of all, in our opinion, it is autoimmune infl ammation. Edema and hyperemia of the ciliary processes pushes the iris anteriad, collagen fi bers of the trabecular meshwork are damaged; delayed endothelialization of the trabecular plate occurs, and the angle of the anterior chamber narrows and closes as a result. The resistance to the outfl ow of intraocular fl uid increases. Ischemia, due to increased intraocular pressure (IOP), causes the formation of new vessels in the iris, where aggregates of blood cells are observed. The walls of the newly formed vessels are defective, which contributes to hemorrhages. Thus, in addition to autoimmune infl ammation, we observe signs of endothelial dysfunction syndrome associated with infl ammatory processes with ACG.Conclusions. 1. The pathogenesis of chronic angleclosure glaucoma is based on autoimmune processes, as proved by lymphocytoplasmocytic infl ammatory infi ltration with an addition of pigment-containing macrophages and fi broblasts at the junction of the iris with the cornea. 2. The detection of intravascular aggregates is a proof of impaired hemostasis in angle-closure glaucoma. 3. Parietal thrombus formation in the newly formed vessels of the iris, fi brin in the tissues are evidence of chronic endothelial dysfunction in ACG. 4. The capillaries of the ciliary processes surrounded by a fi brin ring indicate an acute vasomotor disorder and the release of plasma containing fi brinogen into the surrounding tissue. This is indirect evidence of emotional and vasomotor instability in patients with this form of glaucoma. 5. Disturbances in the systems of immunity and hemostasis are interrelated processes. 6. Increased iris stiff ness is ACG biomarker and may serve as a further target for therapeutic intervention.

Diagnosis of promicrolithic changes in gallbladder bile by crystallography

The aim of the study. Determining the dependence of the bile microstructure degree of destabilization of bile and on the age of patients with the I (pre-stone) stage of the cholelitiasis.Material and methods. About 396 patients with stage I of cholelitiasis. 1 group consisted of 125 young patients (25–44 years), 2 groups — 164 middle-aged patients (45–59 years), 3 group — 107 elderly patients (60–74 years). In verifi cation of the diagnosis, in addition to anamnestic and general clinical data, the results of ultrasound examination (ultrasound) of the gallbladder, the study of the physical and chemical properties of bile are used. Crystallography was used to study the morphological pattern of the gallbladder.Results. In the evaluation of the bladder bile of patients with stage I gallstone disease, there is a decrease in the angle of the tilt of the liquid crystal lines, as well as the appearance of optically active inclusions, such as branched dendrites with plate branches, matted- fi ber aggregates, shield- shaped units and short- branched dendrites.Conclusion. Crystallography is highly sensitive, but at the same time an easy-to-perform method and can be widely used in early diagnosis of gallstone disease.

Organic Ramie as A Sustainable Fiber

Organic Ramie as A Sustainable Fiber

Sustainable & Innovative Fibre by Nature

Sustainable & Innovative Fibre by Nature

Modified impression technique for extreme mouth-opening limitation caused by systemic scleroderma.

Systemic scleroderma is a relatively rare, autoimmune, chronic, and debilitating disease, and its etiology is unknown. The disease is characterized by vasomotor disturbances causing skin and mucosa hardening, hand stiffness, excess production of collagen fibers, and impairment of the internal organs associated with the immune system. Extreme mouth-opening limitation is one of the symptoms in the oral cavity, and compromises dental intervention. One of the fundamental steps when performing a dental procedure is dental arch impression. In the presented clinical case, limited mouth opening hindered the impression accuracy. The objective was to present an alternative impression technique for a patient affected by scleroderma, with limited mouth opening and the need for oral rehabilitation with a removable partial prosthesis in the maxillary arch. An individualized tray was developed with design characteristics that allowed access to the oral cavity and removal, after which it was possible to perform the oral impression, reproducing the areas of interest without causing injury to the oral tissues. The orientation plan was elaborated after obtaining the cast. The teeth were assembled, tested in the mouth, and sent to the laboratory for acrylization. The prosthesis was placed once ready. The alternative impression technique enabled oral rehabilitation of the patient despite the mouth-opening limitation, and provided an accurate impression and a good prosthetic result.

Fast fiber mode decomposition with a lensless fiber-point-diffraction interferometer: publisher's note.

This publisher's note contains corrections to Opt. Lett.46, 2501 (2021)OPLEDP0146-959210.1364/OL.426833.

Providing a Prediction Model for Stress Intensity Factor of Fiber- Reinforced Asphalt Mixtures under Pure Mode III Loading Using the Edge Notched Disc Beam (ENDB)

The use of Edge Notched Disc Beam (ENDB) sample has been proposed as a suitable geometry in performing fracture tests in different loading modes. The most important features of the ENDB samples include easy making, quick and easy sampling, simple testing, and the ability to examine a wide range of pure and combined loading modes. Using a wide range of fracture tests, a statistical model is proposed to predict the stress intensity factors of asphalt mixtures in terms of the pure torsion mode (mode III) loading in this study. To this end, the experiments were carried out at different temperature conditions (-5, -15 and -25 °C), different loading conditions (0.5, 1 and 5 mm/min), and on control and modified asphalt mixtures with different percentages of polyolefin-aramid fibers. The results showed that, with increasing the fiber content and loading rate, the fracture strength increased with average 25%, while an increase in fracture toughness due to lower temperature had an effect of less than 5%. Using the Response Surface Method (RSM), the prediction model of stress intensity coefficients of asphalt mixtures was presented in the pure torsion mode. The results of the proposed models had a good correlation with the results of the conducted fracture tests.

NUTRIENT CONTENT, PROTEIN DIGESTIBILITY, AND ACCEPTABILITY OF SUBSTITUTING TEMPEH GEMBUS NUGGETS WITH TILAPIA FISH

Nuggets are protein rich food that is widely; consumed in Indonesia because of its good taste and easy preparation. The substitution of tilapia fi sh in tempeh gembus nugget act as a healthy alternative composition which contain high protein, fi ber, but low in fat. Therefore, this research was aimed to determine the eff ect of substitution of tilapia fi sh on the nutrient content, protein digestibility, and acceptability of tempeh gembus nuggets to obtain a formulation in accordance with the Daily Value (DV) 2150 kcal. A randomized experimental study was carried out on tilapia fi sh in substitution of 0%, 20%, 40%, 80%, and 100%. The protein, fat, carbohydrate, water, ash, and dietary fi ber content analysis were determined using the Kjeldahl, Soxhlet, carbohydrate diff erence, gravimetric, dry ash, and enzymatic-gravimetric methods. Furthermore, the protein digestibility was conducted by in vitro method, while the organoleptic tests were determined using hedonic tests. The organoleptic data was statistically analysed using ANOVA and Friedman tests. The substitution of tilapia fi sh increased the content of protein, water, and dietary fi ber while decreasing fat, carbohydrates, ash, and protein digestibility. The most preferred tempeh gembus nugget formulation by panelists was 80% substitution treatment of tilapia fi sh. In conclusion, the recommended formulations are the substitution of 40% and 80% of tilapia fi sh considering the nutrient content, protein digestibility and acceptability.

Flax Americana: A History of the Fibre and Oil That Covered a Continent. By Joshua MacFayden. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queens University Press, 2018. xvii + 350 pp. Illustrations, maps, charts, tables, graph, notes, and index. Paper CDN $34.95.

<i>Flax Americana: A History of the Fibre and Oil That Covered a Continent</i>. By Joshua MacFayden. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queens University Press, 2018. xvii + 350 pp. Illustrations, maps, charts, tables, graph, notes, and index. Paper CDN $34.95.