Fiber Optic Detection Research Articles

An intelligent and portable fiber optic real-time fluorescence detection system for pathogenic microorganisms detection

The detection of pathogenic microorganisms poses an increasingly serious challenge to food safety. This paper proposes an intelligent fiber optic fluorescence sensing system for detection of pathogenic microorganisms. The system integrates light-emitting diodes and fiber optic sensing arrays. Compact and multi-channel detection is achieved by this kind of design. Environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, and location are intelligently analyzed together with sampled fluorescence signal, which successfully achieved a high accuracy detection result without affected or interfered by environmental parameters. A Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) algorithm is utilized for intelligent analysis and prediction of pathogenic microorganisms’ concentration with environmental parameters. Under different environmental parameters, the system has successfully detected African swine fever virus or salmonella in real-time with high accuracy and sensitivity. Since location of the sensing system can be determined by GPS module integrated in the system, the change of pathogenic microorganisms with different locations can be determined even during transportation. This innovative solution provides a convenient and accurate method for high accurate on-site real time sensing of pathogenic microorganisms.

Synthesis of dragonfruit-based silicon nanoparticles at room temperature and their application in the real-time fiber-optic detection of doxorubicin

Doxorubicin (DOX) has been extensively used in cancer chemotherapy as an antibiotic drug, but when DOX concentration exceeds the threshold value, irreversible liver toxicity and cardiotoxicity can be triggered. Therefore, it is a significant theme to detect DOX concentration of patient blood and metabolites for the optimization of drug dosage. Linear correlation between fluorescence quenching of silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) and DOX concentration enables SiNPs to present good prospect to address this tricky issue. Inspired by these aspects, we put forward a novel method to synthesize dragonfruit-based SiNPs (DSiNPs) at room temperature, and leverage them in the fiber-optic sensing of urine DOX. Firstly, we investigate a simple and green synthesis method of DSiNPs emitting blue-green fluorescence through a one-step redox reaction at room temperature with organosilane as silicon source and fresh dragonfruit juice as reducing agent. Secondly, depending on optical characterization, we demonstrate mechanism of DSiNPs in the detection of DOX. Thirdly, a fiber-optic sensor is used to measure the fluorescence intensity of DSiNPs under diverse salt concentrations, pH values, and illumination time to explore the tolerance of DSiNPs. Fourthly, based on optimization of parameters and validation of specificity, we acquire linear response range of this method to DOX from 0 to 50 μM with detection limit of 3 μM. Finally, this method is leveraged in the detection of urine DOX, and obtained the recovery rates of 92.30 % and 107.30 %. This method holds excellent potential in the clinical analysis of anti-tumor drugs for the advantages of environmental friendliness and simple operation.

Distributed Optical Fiber Detection Based on BOTDR for Buffer Layer Defects of High-Voltage XLPE Cable With Corrugated Aluminum Sheath

Distributed Optical Fiber Detection Based on BOTDR for Buffer Layer Defects of High-Voltage XLPE Cable With Corrugated Aluminum Sheath

Experimental Study on Spontaneous Combustion Monitoring in Coal Mine Airspace Based on Distributed Fiber Optic Temperature Measurement

ABSTRACT Spontaneous combustion fires in the mining airspace seriously affect safety at mines. It is crucial to accurately predict the location of fire sources and forecast spontaneous combustion disasters. This study, therefore, proposes an intuitive, accurate, and efficient distributed fiber optic temperature measurement technique for detecting spontaneous coal combustion. To overcome the limitations of using traditional optical fibers in the complex environment of the goaf, this study independently developed an enhanced armored distributed optical fiber for coal mines through experiments. Aiming at the possible influence of the armoring material on the accuracy of temperature measurement, the temperature of the armored distributed optical fiber was corrected through calibration experiments of the armored optical fiber and the heat transfer simulation study of the enhanced temperature measurement optical fiber, to improve the accuracy of the measurement. Based on COMSOL’s simulation study of the spontaneous combustion temperature field and fiber optic detection in the extraction zone, a method of laying optical fibers in parallel at 15-meter intervals to achieve accurate detection of the fire source location in the extraction zone. To explore the feasibility of this technology, a field test was carried out in the 22,117 working faces of Shanxi Lu’an Group Luning Coal Co. Ltd. in the hollow area. The temperature analysis results are consistent with the results of the beam pipe monitoring. The results show that the distributed fiber optic temperature measurement technology can produce a graded warning of spontaneous coal combustion and achieve an accurate detection of the fire source.

Use of fibre optic systems for detection of small leaks on trunk pipelines

This paper is devoted to the issue of efficiency of application of fibre optic leak detection systems for identification of small leaks on trunk pipelines. The main methods of leak detection currently in use have been considered, and parametric and fibre optic LDS have been selected for comparative analysis. In the course of the research a model of product leakage from an underground oil pipeline equipped with a fibre-optic LDS was built in the COMSOL Multiphysics software package. The result of the simulation was the estimated time of leak identification by the fibre-optic system, which turned out to be much shorter than that of the parametric LDS. Compensable environmental damage for each type of system was then calculated, confirming the effectiveness of fibre optic LDS for detecting small leaks on trunk pipelines due to the significant reduction in compensable damage.

Dual-Function Wearable Hydrogel Optical Fiber for Monitoring Posture and Sweat pH.

In recent years, wearable devices have been widely used for human health monitoring. Such monitoring predominantly relies on the principles of optics and electronics. However, electronic detection is susceptible to electromagnetic interference, and traditional optical fiber detection is limited in functionality and unable to simultaneously detect both physical and chemical signals. Hence, a wearable, embedded asymmetric color-blocked optical fiber sensor based on a hydrogel has been developed. Its sensing principle is grounded in the total internal reflection within the optical fiber. The method for posture sensing involves changes in the light path due to fiber bending with color blocks providing wavelength-selective modulation by absorption changes. Sweat pH sensing is facilitated by variations in fluorescence intensity triggered by sweat-induced conformational changes in Rhodamine B. With just one fiber, it achieves both physical and chemical signal detection. Fabricated using a molding technique, this fiber boasts excellent biocompatibility and can accurately discern single and multiple bending points, with a recognition range of 0-90° for a single segment, a detection limit of 0.02 mm-1 and a sweat pH sensing linear regression R2 of 0.993, alongside great light propagation properties (-0.6 dB·cm-1). With its extensive capabilities, it holds promise for applications in medical monitoring.

Flight tests results of a Fiber Bragg Gratings based ice sensor

Icing has been an aeronautical industry problem for safety and for energy consumption save from the beginning of aviation. It affects the safety reducing the lift, decreasing the stall angle of attack, affecting the aircraft stability and reducing the control efficiency. The European project SENS4ICE (2019–2023) introduces a new technology based on hybridization of different detection techniques, combining indirect ice sensing with direct, using atmospheric and ice accretion sensors. In the present work a study about a Fiber Optic Detector based on latent heat that uses a Fiber Bragg Grating for measuring the surface temperature. The Fiber Optic Detector (FOD) was tested in a SAFIRE Flight Testing Platform ATR42 during 40 h of Flight testing, having Liquid Water encounters in all flights. The sensor performance and its ability for measuring the icing severity is evaluated in the paper, showing results in a representative Flight test.During Flight Test, different icing conditions were seen, adapting the detection and severity evaluations to the data seen with other reference atmospheric sensors. For ice detection Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) was used using different levels in order to detect all the possible events during the Flight test. The DWT ice severity assessment results were compared with a Messinger Model and with the DLR Nevzorov data in order to evaluate the precision and the sensor performance.

Temperature self-compensated fiber-optic Pb(II) sensor with improved selectivity by Resorcylaldehyde post-modified organic metal framework

Post-modification of metal-organic framework (MOF) materials is an effective means to enhance their efficient and selective adsorption for heavy metal ions. In this article, we presented a reflection-type optical fiber surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor based on dual core fiber (DCF) coated with UiO-66-RSA (UiO-66-NH2 post-modified with resorcinol aldehyde) film for the specific detection of Pb(II) in aqueous media. The composite material UiO-66-RSA exhibits stronger affinity and specificity for Pb(II) than UiO-66-NH2. The adsorption of Pb(II) can change the equivalent refractive index (RI) of UiO-66-RSA film, causing a regular shift in SPR spectra. Experiments have shown that the limit of detection (LOD) of the SPR Pb(II) sensor can reach 0.1 nM. Meanwhile, research has found that the SPR sensor is accompanied by temperature crosstalk of 0.356 nm/°C. Therefore, we constructed a Michelson temperature interferometer using polymer micro tips on the end face of the fiber core to achieve temperature compensation. Based on the above two sensing channels, dual parameter demodulation of Pb(II) concentration and temperature can be achieved with an error rate of less than 0.5 %. This article has potential research value in exploring the application of post modification techniques of MOF in fiber optic lead ion detection.

Acquiring Gamma-Ray Energy Spectrum Using a Plastic Scintillation Optical Fiber Detector

The plastic scintillation optical fiber (PSOF) detector, characterized by its large contact area with measurement targets, effectively detects and quantifies radiation in diverse radiation-contaminated areas and liquid environments. While it is extensively utilized for measuring alpha, beta, gamma, and neutron radiations, comprehensive documentation on the spectrum measurement and energy calibration methods for gamma nuclides has not been reported. Accurate energy calibration is crucial for the precise quantification of radiation doses from various sources. The pulse-height spectrum produced by the PSOF detector does not display a Compton maximum because of the significant Gaussian energy broadening. Additionally, this spectrum compresses as the distance increases between the radiation source and the light measurement device. In this study, the energy spectrum of a PSOF for gamma nuclides was characterized by energy calibrations using Compton edge (CE). The CE channel in the measurement spectrum of the PSOF detector for three gamma nuclides was identified using the first-order differentiation method. This technique was successfully applied to spectra measured at various radiation source positions to determine the attenuation coefficients. The proposed energy calibration method allows for the conversion of pulse-height spectra obtained from alpha, beta, and neutron radiation measured with PSOF detectors into energy spectra.

Multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber laser using the polarization-hole-burning effect for multichannel acoustic detection.

We propose and demonstrate a novel, to the best of our knowledge, fiber-optic multipoint acoustic detection system based on a multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber (EDF) laser (MWEDFL) using the polarization-hole-burning effect with Fabry-Perot interferometers as the acoustic cavity-loss modulator. A polarization-wavelength-related filter is designed to assign a distinct polarization state to each laser wavelength. By adjusting the polarization state, the polarization-dependent loss and gain of each laser line are tuned to be equal, effectively suppressing the mode competition of EDF and enabling a stable MWEDFL. Each laser line serves as a separate channel for acoustic detection. Theoretical and experimental analyses are conducted to study the transient-response-amplification effect on the acoustic perturbation of the MWEDFL. The results show that the proposed MWEDFL exhibits an amplification effect on the sound-induced cavity-loss modulation, effectively enhancing the sensitivity by 13 dB compared to that obtained using an external-light-source demodulation method. In addition, the MWEDFL based on the PHB effect avoids cross talk between laser channels and can achieve high sensitivity and simultaneous multichannel acoustic detection.

Assessment of pulsed dielectrophoretic-field flow fractionation separation coupled with fibre-optic detection on a lab-on-chip as a technique to separate similar bacteria cells

Assessment of pulsed dielectrophoretic-field flow fractionation separation coupled with fibre-optic detection on a lab-on-chip as a technique to separate similar bacteria cells

Collinear optical links based on a GaN-integrated chip for fiber-optic acoustic detection.

This Letter reports a collinear optical interconnect architecture for acoustic sensing via a monolithic integrated GaN optoelectronic chip. The chip is designed with a ring-shaped photodiode (PD) surrounding a light-emitting diode (LED) of a spectral range from 420-530 nm. The axisymmetric structure helps the coaxial propagation of light transmission and reception. By placing this multiple-quantum wells (MQW)-based device and a piece of aluminum-coated polyethylene terephthalate (Al/PET) film on fiber ends, an ultra-compact acoustic sensing system is built. The sound vibrations can be simply detected by direct measurement of the diaphragm deformation-induced power change. An average signal noise ratio (SNR) of 40 dB and a maximum sensitivity of 82 mV/Pa are obtained when the acoustic vibration frequency changes from 400 Hz to 3.2 kHz. This work provides a feasible solution to miniaturize the sensing system footprint and reduce the cost.

Fiber-Optic Detection of Aluminum and Copper in Real Water Samples Using Enzyme–Carbon Quantum Dot (CQD)-Based Thin-Film Biosensors

Fiber-Optic Detection of Aluminum and Copper in Real Water Samples Using Enzyme–Carbon Quantum Dot (CQD)-Based Thin-Film Biosensors

Fiber Optic Sensor-Based Bearing Defect Detection and Its Usages in Computer Vision

This work focuses on the investigation of surface defects in small bearings. Based on the theory of rough surface scattering and the dual-beam ratio measurement method, fiber optic sensing technology is applied in identifying surface defects in bearings. To facilitate the extraction of features for surface defects in bearings, a sensor probe fiber array with three concentric circles around the central emission is determined. A reflective intensity-modulated fiber optic sensor (FOS) is employed to detect surface defects on bearings. The structural parameters of the FOS are simulated through Matlab, considering the inner/outer diameter, numerical aperture, and axial spacing of the sensor. This work involves designing modulation light source excitation circuits, photoelectric conversion module circuits, pre-amplification differential amplifier circuits, infinite gain bandpass filtering circuits, and window function comparison circuits. This effectively amplifies the defect feature signals and eliminates noise interference. In experiments, the sensor probe is fixed on the support of a micro-displacement measurement platform. By adjusting the distance between the probe and the side surface through rotation, initial tests are conducted using standard roughness samples. The results indicate that installing the sensor probe at a distance of 0.92 mm from the side surface provides better measurement of surface roughness. The oscilloscope waveform reveals that the FOS can identify defects on different bearing surfaces. Furthermore, the bearing surface is divided into sections with engraved text (seal cover part) and without engraved text (inner and outer rings of the bearing). Using computer vision (CV) technology, a FOS detection system is designed, achieving a defect recognition rate of 99% for bearings, in line with the intended design goals.

Miniaturized and highly-sensitive fiber-optic photoacoustic gas sensor based on an integrated tuning fork by mechanical processing with dual-prong differential measurement

A proof-of-concept gas sensor based on a miniaturized and integrated fiber-optic photoacoustic detection module was introduced and demonstrated for the purpose of developing a custom tuning-fork (TF)-enhanced photoacoustic gas sensor. Instead of piezoelectric quartz tuning fork (QTF) in conventional quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS), a low-cost custom aluminum alloy TF fabricated by mechanical processing was employed as a photoacoustic transducer and the vibration of TF was measured by fiber-optic Fabry-Pérot (FP) interferometer (FPI). The mechanical processing-based TF design scheme greatly increases the flexibility of the TF design with respect to the complex and expensive manufacture process of custom QTFs, and thus it can be better exploited to detect gases with slow vibrational-translational (V-T) relaxation rates and combine with light sources with poor beam quality. The resonance frequency and the quality factor of the designed custom TF at atmospheric pressure were experimentally determined to be 7.3 kHz and 4733, respectively. Dual-prong differential measurement method was proposed to double the photoacoustic signal and suppress the external same-direction noise. After detailed optimizing and investigating for the operating parameters by measuring H2O, the feasibility of the developed sensor for gas detection was demonstrated with a H2O minimum detection limit (MDL) of 1.2 ppm, corresponding to a normalized noise equivalent absorption (NNEA) coefficient of 3.8 × 10−8 cm−1 W/Hz1/2, which are better than the QTF-based photoacoustic sensors. The proposed gas sensing approach combined the advantages of QEPAS and fiber-optic sensing, which can greatly expand the application domains of PAS-based gas sensors.

Wavelength domain spatial frequency modulation imaging: enabling fiber optic delivery and detection.

Spatial frequency modulation imaging (SPIFI) provides a simple architecture for modulating an extended illumination source that is compatible with single pixel imaging. We demonstrate wavelength domain SPIFI (WD-SPIFI) by encoding time-varying spatial frequencies in the spectral domain that can produce enhanced resolution images, like its spatial domain counterpart, spatial domain (SD) SPIFI. However, contrary to SD-SPIFI, WD-SPIFI enables remote delivery by single mode fiber, which can be attractive for applications where free-space imaging is not practical. Finally, we demonstrate a cascaded system incorporating WD-SPIFI in-line with SD-SPIFI enabling single pixel 2D imaging without any beam or sample scanning.

Fiber Optical Network Damage Detection Passive Splitter 1:8 in ODC uses IOT Technology as a means of Real Time Reporting

Fiber optic networks currently have a lot of interest, so a network monitoring system is needed that guarantees quality and speed of repair if mass disruption occurs. in research [1] regarding fiber network damage detection using IoT with the use of a 1:4 splitter and the use of a detector that can work at a wavelength of 650nm so that it can detect damaged cables with output in the software. So in connection with this, the author wants to develop the results of this research by using a 1:8 splitter and carrying out detection using the LDR sensor and NodeMCU ESP32 using IoT (Internet of Things) technology. The ESP32 NodeMCU will receive data in the form of light intensity values ??at each ODC from the LDR sensor. And then sent to a database that is connected directly to the Android application. The cable identification process occurs in three states: normal, warning, and error. The test and analysis results show that the hardware device can work well, with attenuation in the passive splitter cable of 10.28 dB and a light source with a wavelength of 650 nm. Cable detected as damaged is indicated by an output in the software with a delay of 4.56 s.

Research on the Vibration Characteristics of Pumped Storage Unit Stator Core Based on Fiber Optic Sensing

Stator core vibration (SCV) response of pumped storage units (PSU) can effectively reflect its operation status and provide reference for excitation winding inter-turn short circuit (ITSC) fault diagnosis. Considering that traditional piezoelectric acceleration sensors (PAS) are difficult to be installed on the stator core surface, this study proposes an online monitoring method based on fiber optic vibration sensing (FOVS). Firstly, this study derives the SCV response equations for the normal and ITSC states of the excitation winding, and obtains the vibration characteristic harmonics corresponding to each state. Secondly, a three-dimensional finite element simulation model of PSU with a generating capacity of 278 MVA is built, and the acceleration amplitude and characteristic frequency harmonics of the stator core are calculated to provide a reference for fiber optic vibration detection. Thirdly, this study focuses on the principle of modulation and demodulation of optical phase, builds an optical frequency-domain reflectometer (OFDR) - based FOVS system, and calibrates its sensitivity, amplitude and frequency characteristics as well as the lower detection limit. Finally, FOVS probes are installed on the surface of synchronous generator stator core to capture the vibration signals under different degrees of ITSC, and compared with the collected signals of PAS. The experimental results prove that the proposed method has obvious advantages in vibration monitoring in the low frequency band below 100 Hz.

Fiber optic detection method for intrinsic defects in carbon fiber composite core overhead conductors considering bending performance

Carbon fiber composite core wire in the carbon fiber core rod bending strength is low, easy to break, and thus affects the detection effect. In this regard, it is proposed to consider the bending performance of carbon fiber composite core overhead wire intrinsic defects fiber detection method. The overhead wire is X-ray scanned, and the image is bent compensated by the filtering algorithm. The image is reconstructed using an iterative reconstruction algorithm, and the Tamura texture feature operator is used to extract the roughness feature parameters in the texture feature enhancement map of each conductor to achieve the identification of defects. In the experiments, the proposed method is verified for detection accuracy. The analysis of the experimental results shows that the proposed method has a high correct defect recognition rate and has a more excellent detection accuracy when the proposed method is used to detect the inherent defects of overhead conductors.

Fault Detection System in an Optical Fiber Using NODEMCU

The project aims to develop a cost-effective and efficient solution for detecting fiber optic faults by designing a hardware system that can detect abrupt changes in the power of the optical line. The system will alert network administrators of fault occurrence, reducing downtime and minimizing disruption to users.The project also seeks to demonstrate the use of ESP8266 boards for data processing and communication, making it suitable for a wide range of industries and use cases. Additionally, the project aims to integrate with Ubidots, a cloud- based IoT platform, to provide a scalable platform for customization and expansion of fault detection and management systems.The overall objective of the project is to provide a low-cost and easily customizable solution for fiber optic fault detection while showcasing the capabilities of ESP8266 boards for IoT applications. Key Word: NodeMCU; LDR sensor; LCD display; I2C module; Communication