Few-flowered Inflorescences Research Articles

Una especie nueva deRudgeaSalisb. (Rubiaceae, Psychotrieae) de Honduras

Anew Rudgea species was collected in Honduras. The R. longicollis is an outstanding species because of its long peduncle and few-flowered inflorescence.

Estudios en las Apocynaceae Neotropicales XXXVI: Una Nueva Especie de Lacmellea (Apocynaceae, Rauvolfioideae) para Colombia

relacionadas. ABSTRACT . Lacmellea abbreviata J. F. Morales (Apocynaceae, Rauvolfioideae), a new species from the Chocoregion, Colombia, is described and illustrated. This new taxon is related to L. panamensis (Woodson) Markgraf, but differs by the leaf shape (ovate to ovate-elliptic vs. elliptic to narrowly elliptic), few-flowered inflorescences (1 or 2 vs. 4 to 12), and shorter corolla lobes (3.5-4 mm vs. 6-11 mm). Distribution, specimens examined, and a discussion of taxonomic affinities are included here for the new species.

A new species of Macroptilium (Benth.) Urb. (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae: Phaseolinae) from North-Eastern Brazil

A new species of Macroptilium sect. Microcochle (Benth.) J. A. Lackey is herein described from the states of Piaui and Bahia, Brazil. Macroptilium cochleatum is characterized by few-flowered inflorescences, calyx teeth longer than the tube, a tightly four-coiled keel, and linear, patent fruits. The discovery of this unique Macroptilium species, with its distally coiled keel, expands the diagnostic features of the genus. A key to the Brazilian species of sect. Microcochle is provided.

A New Species of Gibsoniothamnus (Schlegeliaceae) from Costa Rica and Panama

A new species, Gibsoniothamnus parvifolius, is described based on disjunct populations from Costa Rica and western Panama. The species is distinguished by its relatively small, acuminate leaves, few-flowered inflorescences, and its relatively small, purplish flowers borne on short pedicels. Gibsoniothamnus parvifolius Barringer, sp. nov. TYPE: Panama. Chiriquf: NE del campamento Fortuna, 1000-1200 m, 15 Aug. 1976, M. Correa, R. Dressler & Garibaldi 2500 (holotype, MO; isotypes, NY, PMA). Figure 1. A Gibsoniothamno epiphytico foliis minoribus anguste lanceolatis vel ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis coriaceis, floribus solitariis vel geminatis differt. Epiphytic shrub or small epiphytic tree to 4 m tall; young branches glabrous to sparsely pubescent, terete to slightly angled; older stems with gray-brown bark and persistent raised petiole bases. Leaves opposite, anisophyllous; larger leaves with petioles 3-7 mm long, the lamina narrowly lanceolate to obovate-lanceolate, 3-5.5 cm long, 1.0-1.8 cm wide, coriaceous, glabrous or rarely pubescent, gland-dotted, the base cuneate, the apex acuminate to long-acuminate, the veins immersed above, prominent and often reddish below, 2 or 3 secondary veins per side, the upper surface dark green, shiny, the lower surface light green, dull, domatia present in the axils of the secondary veins; smaller leaves with petioles 2-5 mm long, the lamina ovate-lanceolate, 1.6-2.2 cm long, 0.6-1.4 cm wide, coriaceous, glabrous or rarely pubescent, gland-dotted, the base rounded to acute, the apex rounded to obtuse, rarely acuminate, the veins impressed above, prominent and sometimes reddish below, 1-2 secondary veins per side. Flowers axillary, solitary or in pairs; pedicels 1.5-2.0 cm long, sparsely pubescent with glandular trichomes, slightly thickened above, bracteolate at base, the bracteoles linear, to 1 mm long; calyx campanulate, purple to red-purple, the tube 3-4 mm long, with 5 lobe-like enations that develop from the side of the calyx tube, the enations 8-9 mm long, 1 mm wide, narrowly triangular, slightly winged, glabrous, spreading; corolla cylindric, reddish violet to purple or lilac, 1.5-2.0 cm long, 3 mm diam., the upper lobes broadly ovate, 1.5-2.0 mm long, 2.0-2.5 mm wide, the lateral lobes ovate, 1.5-2.0 mm long, 1.5-2.0 mm wide, the median lobe ovate, 1.5-2.0 mm long, 2.0-2.5 mm wide, the lobes generally more darkly colored than the tube; stamens 4, attached about 5 mm above the base of the corolla tube, with a ring of trichomes at the level of attach ent, the filaments 12-16 mm long, filiform, curved above, slightly thickened at the base; staminode 1.7-5.0 mm long; pistil glabrous, ovary globose, 1 mm tall, glandular at the base, the style elongate, 15-18 mm long, the stigma clavate to capitate. Berry globose, to 1 cm diam., green turning white, with 5-10(-20) seeds, the seeds fusiform, 2.0-2.5 mm long 1.0-1.4 mm wide, with a loose, hyaline, reticulate seedcoat. Thi species is distinguished by its small leaves, slightly winged calyx with narrowly triangular enations, and few-flowered inflorescence. It is found growing on the volcanic mountains of Costa Rica and western Panama in two disjunct populations. The northern Costa Rican plants grow between 300 and 700 m, while the southern Costa Rican and Panamanian plants grow between 1000 and 1300 m elevation. The two populations differ slightly and may eventually prove to be distinct species. The northern plants tend to have terete, not angled, branches a d smaller staminodes, less than 3 mm long. The distribution of the northern populations overlaps slightly with that of Gibsoniothamnus epihyticus (Standley) L. O. Williams, native to central Cos a Rica, and the southern populations. Th s pecies is sometimes confused with Gibsoniothamnus epiphyticus, but the new species differs by its sm ller, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, coriaceous leaves, and 1or 2-flowered inflorescence. In c ntra t, G. epiphyticus has elliptic, subcoriaceous l aves, 5.5-7.5 cm long, and flowers in condensed, p niculate inflorescences. The new species is also confused with G. alatus A. Gentry, but that sp cies has large calyx wings, usually extending more than 4 mm, leaves 4-9 cm long, and white flowers. Many of the specimens of G. parvifolius are NovoN 9: 476-478. 1999. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.144 on Wed, 07 Sep 2016 04:37:00 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Volume 9, Number 4 1999 Barringer Gibsoniothamnus parvifolius 477

Galeottiella hintoniorum, a New Epiphytic Species of Spiranthinae (Orchidaceae) from Nuevo Leon, Mexico

A new species of Spiranthinae from Mexico,Galeottiella hintoniorum, is described and illustrated. It is placed in the genusGaleottiella because of its lip and column structure and its herbaceous, cauline bracts and becauseGaleottiella is the oldest genus in the subtribe that can accommodate it. This new species is distinguished from other members of the genus by its epiphytic habit, small stature, and few-flowered inflorescences.

Zur Lebensgeschichte der Gattung Helleborus L. (Ranunculaceae)

Summary The growth form and growth rhythm of seven Helleborus species of different sections are investigated on the basis of cultivated plants and herbarium specimens. Special attention is drawn to germination, plant development, radication, stem morphology, leaf sequence, inflorescences, and innovation. H. foetidus is an allo-homorhizous, evergreen, chamaephytic, short-living perennial with dicyclic to pleiocyclic, slightly rhythmically growing stems, many-flowered inflorescences and bracteose hypsophylls. In the mountains of Mallorca, dwarfed, long-living pleiocormous perennials grow which approach shrubs. H. argutifolius is an evergreen rhizomatous perennial with dicyclic, strongly rhythmically growing stems, inflorescence buds, many-flowered inflorescences and bracteose hypsophylls. H. lividus is an evergreen rhizomatous perennial with dicyclic, continuously growing stems without inflorescence buds, and with several-flowered inflorescences and frondose-bracteose hypsophylls. H. niger is an evergreen rhizomatous perennial with basal leaves, very few-flowered, geophilous inflorescences and bracteose hypsophylls. H. orientalis is an evergreen rhizomatous perennial with basal leaves, few-flowered inflorescences and frondose hypsophylls. H. viridis is a summergreen rhizomatous perennial with basal leaves, few-flowered inflorescences and frondose hypsophylls. H. vesicarius is a rhizomatous perennial with monocyclic stems, few basal and cauline leaves, green in winter to spring, several-flowered inflorescences and frondose hypsophylls. In view of morphological character progressions, the results are discussed under consideration of all species and further features, and of the relations to environment and distribution. In conclusion, a hypothetical phylogenetic tree of the genus is presented (fig. 29). The pinnate-palmate leaves of H. vesicarius are considered to be primitive. The pedate leaf, typical to the genus, is derived from it. An additional pedate division of the leaf segments occurs in H. multifidus and related species. The ternate leaf of H. lividus and H. argutifolius is interpreted as neoteny. The generally accepted groups, Caulescentes and Scapigeri, are understood as grade groups. The species belonging to the Caulescentes, with elongated, leafy, usually dicyclic stems grow in the mild winter climate of the Mediterranean-Atlantic range. Derived from this group, the Scapigeri with their basal leaves are, for the most part, submediterranean to south-temperate plants of deciduous forests. The development of a scape is explained by the strict growth rhythm of these species: The inflorescence buds are transferred underground and develop very fast in early spring. The whole part above the leaves belongs to the reproductive region. The scales at the base of the scape are referred to as hypsophylls, which adopt the function of bud scales and have a vaginal structure. In accordance with their environment and distribution, the evergreen H. lividus and H. foetidus are characterized by a vegetation period beginning in autumn and a continual inflorescence development with a long flowering period. They develop no, or only loose, inflorescence buds. On the other hand, H. argutifolius develops compact inflorescence buds that unfold quickly, but not before January. The relatively short flowering period of the Scapigeri is delayed even further towards spring. Among them, the summergreen species have a clearly defined winter rest period. The wintergreen H. vesicarius, though, demonstrates a clearly Mediterranean growth cycle with a rest period in summer. The Sicilian plants of H. multifidus subsp. bocconei diverge considerably in growth rhythm and leaf sequence from the species, and need further morphological and taxonomical investigation. In order to achieve a more natural classification, the genus is differentiated according to the structure of the hypsophylls into two new subgenera, s ubgen . Helleborus with undivided, bracteose hypsophylls, and subgen. Helleborastrum (Spach) W erner & E bel with divided, frondose hypsophylls.

The South American Species of Arthrostylidium (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae)

A summary of the 11 species of Arthrostylidium occurring in South America is pre- sented, including descriptions and illustrations of four new species. Two montane species from Colombia and Ecuador, A. ecuadorense and A. youngianum, appear to be related to A. venezuelae and A. pubescens respectively, but differ in details of culm leaf, foliage leaf, inflorescence, and spikelet morphology. Two new taxa from lowland Amazonian Brazil are somewhat atypical of the genus but appear to be best referred to it for now: A. fimbrinodum, with an unusual branching pattern, fimbriate culm nodes, short, few-flowered inflorescences, and small spikelets; and A. grandifolium, with stout, nearly solid culms, very large foliage leaves with elongate inner ligules, and numerous, elongate inflorescences.

The Inflorescences of the Australian Genera Diplolaena R.Br and Chorilaena Endl (Rutaceae)

The inflorescences of five Diplolaena species and of Chorilaena quercifolia were analysed morphologically. Both genera form aggregated, campanulate inflorescences; in Diplolaena they are terminal, standing at the end of leafy shoots, while in Chorilaena they are axillary but with no vegetative 'Unterbau'. As to their position, the inflorescence of Diplolaena is homologous to the whole panicle whereas the inflorescence of Chorilaena is homologous to a branch of it. This study suggests that the basic type of inflorescence in Australian Rutaceae is a determinate panicle which is reduced to few-flowered inflorescences in some species. In both Chorilaena and Diplolaena each flower has a subtending bract and up to two prophylls. In Diplolaena, the showy outer bracts always bear flowers or lateral branches of the inflorescence of first branch order. The inner bracts may be sterile prophylls, indicating a reduction of flowers, or are fertile, subtending flowers of a higher branch order. Thus, the head-like inflorescence of Diplolaena is a reduced panicle. It differs from the inflorescence of Chorileana in the further aggregation of flowers and in the modification of bracts including their enlargement and arrangement into a pseudocorolla; in some taxa (e.g. D. grandiflora) the pseudocorolla is brightly coloured. The two genera have derived inflorescences that have evolved via divergent lines of modification.

Raphionacme chimanimaniana (Periplocaceae), a new species from Zimbabwe

Raphionacme chimanimaniana Venter & Verhoeven, a new species from Zimbabwe is described. It is recognized by its erect stems, linear-lanceolate leaves which are hirsute and glandular, few-flowered inflorescences and magenta to white flowers. Plants inhabit scrubby veld at high altitude in the Chimanimani Mountains. R. chimanimaniana resembles R. brownii Scott Elliot and R. pulchella Venter & Verhoeven. All three species erect with linear leaves and white to purple flowers. R. chimanimaniana is distinguished from R. brownii and R. pulchella by the few-flowered inflorescences with large flowers, its columnar corona bases and glandular hirsute indumentum.

Revision of the Neotropical Genus Callaeum (Malpighiaceae)

The monotypic genus Callaeum (Malpighiaceae) was proposed by J. K. Small in 1910 to accommodate an aberrant mascagnioid plant, Jubelina nicaraguensis Griseb. On the basis of flower, fruit, and leaf characters this genus is again recognized as distinct from Mascagnia, in which it was submerged by Niedenzu, and is augmented by the addition of most of the remaining members of Niedenzu's Mascagnia subg. Plagiogynixa, to which Niedenzu assigned C. nicaraguense. This makes necessary the new combinations Callaeum antifebrile, C. macropterum, C. malpighioides, C. psilophyllum, and C. septentrionale. In addition, C. chiapense is added by transfer from Stigmaphyllon, and three new species, Callaeum clavipetalum, C. coactum, and C. reticulatum, are described. Keys, descriptions, and citations of representative specimens are provided for the ten recognized species, and the segregation of this genus from Mascagnia is discussed. In the last revision of Mascagnia, Niedenzu (1928) divided it into the subgenera Mesogynixa (=subgenus Mascagnia) and Plagiogynixa, the latter set apart on the basis of its transversely dilated stigmas, few-flowered inflorescences, spherical buds, and three reduced posterior anthers. Earlier, Small (1910) had placed one of the members of Mascagnia subg. Plagiogynixa, M. nicaraguensis (Griseb.) Niedenzu, in the monotypic genus Callaeum, based upon jubelina nicaraguensis Griseb., a Central American plant with accessory fruit-wing appendages much like those found in Jubelina. Small did not explain his reasons for placing J. nicaraguensis in a separate genus, but did provide a key in which Callaeum was distinguished from other North American Malpighiaceae. Mascagnia, as circumscribed by Niedenzu, is a diverse collection of vines and shrubs with three-winged (rarely two-winged) mericarps. Palynological data, coupled with macromorphological information, indicate that the genus is a paraphyletic grouping, occupying the middle portion of a phylogenetic tree whose ultimate branches may include such genera as Hiraea, Triopterys, and even Malpighia (Lowrie 1982). Mascagnia subg. Plagiogynixa forms the nucleus of a natural group of species consistently different from other species of Mascagnia, and not necessarily most closely related to Mascagnia. The species of this subgenus, with one exception (see Excluded Taxon), are here segregated into Small's genus Callaeum, which is further augmented by the description of three new species. CALLAEUM Small, N. Amer. Flora 25(2):128. 1910.-TYPE: Callaeum nicaraguense (Griseb.)

Oreophysa: An Overlooked Genus of Leguminosae

In 1843, H. F. Jaubert & E. Spach described a new species based on a herbarium specimen (Aucher-Eloy s.n., from mountains near Teheran in Persia). It was placed in Sphaerophysa DC. as Sphaerophysa microphylla Jaub. & Spach. The description of the species was accompanied by a very good, precise illustration of a leafy shoot in fruit, together with good enlarged drawings of leaf, calyx, dehisced fruit and seed. As the herbarium specimen lacked flowers, the authors placed the plant in Sphaerophysa mainly because of the shape and size of the fruit, which, at first glance, is reminiscent of that of Sphaerophysa salsula DC. Some twenty years later, G. Bentham (in Benth. & Hook. f., Gen. Pl.) mentioned this species and showed that it differed from the other species of the genus Sphaerophysa in having trifoliate leaves, few-flowered inflorescences and the style bent on top. In spite of such markedly distinct characters, he could not decide to place Sphaerophysa microphylla into a distinct genus. In 1872, E. Boissier (Fl. Or.), basing his decision on herbarium specimens (Kotschy 292 and Bunge s.n.), included Sphaerophysa microphylla in the genus Colutea, changed its name unjustifiably to Colutea triphylla and founded a monotypic section, Oreophysa Bunge ex Boiss., for this species. The shape of the style and the presence of characteristic swellings at the base of the standard were the basic characters used to refer it to the genus Colutea. As sectional characters Boissier mentioned the suffruticose growth, obovate shape of the wings and the small number of ovules. J. Bornmuller (in Bull. Herb. Boiss.) in 1905, and later together with E. Gauba (in Fedde, Rep.) in 1936, mentioned this species twice, but under the name Oreophysa triphylla (Bunge pro sectione Colutea). In giving a reference to Boissier, Fl. Or., where Colutea triphylla is placed in a section Oreophysa, it is clear that Bornmiuller intended raising the section to generic rank. Under Article 41, clause 2 of the 'International Code of Botanical Nomenclature' (I96i), this indirect reference to an effectively published description in a different rank validates the generic name Oreophysa, a name which has, not unexpectedly, been omitted from the 'Index Kewensis'. In I907, C. K. Schneider also considered Sphaerophysa microphylla not to belong to the genus Colutea. When revising herbarium specimens of Colutea he wrote 'Oreophysa genus distinctum videtur' on specimens of J. & A. Bornmuller 6626 in both the Geneva and Vienna University herbaria. Schneider also failed to described the new genus. In this way, both in herbaria and in literature, both names, Colutea triphylla (Buhse, 1899; Parsa, 1948; A. C. Trott in sched.) and Oreophysa triphylla (K. H. Rechinger, E. Gauba in sched.) are met with. This species, although similar to Colutea in some respects, is so distinct from all species of that genus (about 25) in a number of characters, that I agree with Bornmtiller in segregating it in the genus Oreophysa. The genus Oreophysa differs from the genus Colutea mainly in suffruticose growth, subdichotomous branches of the shoots, considerable length of internodes, reduced foliage, broad wings, shape of fruit, and presence of only 4