Livestock grazing in pastures that include large populations of Lolium perenne and Lolium arundinaceum were found to be suffering a ‘curious’ neurological problem in the late 1950s, which was subsequently named as the ‘ryegrass staggers’, because the sheep suffered that problem when they fed on the perennial ryegrass, L. perenne. The chemicals that trigger staggers in the livestock have been resolved: tremorgenic alkaloids, especially lolitrems of the indole-diterpene group, particularly lolitrem B, that are synthesized during the biotrophic association of Epichloe festucae var. lolii in the shoots of L. perenne and L. arundinaceum. With an agenda posted to us in Charles Sturt University, Orange Campus, New South Wales, we investigated the quality and quantity of secondary metabolites and assayed the antioxidant capacity of the phenolics using populations of L. perenne and L. arundinaceum that included determined strains of E. festucae var. lolii and E. coenophiala obtained from different localities of temperate Australia. N-acetylnorloline was detected only in E. coenophiala (strain AR542) infected L. arundinaceum, regardless of being of either the Mediterranean or the Continental cultivars. Tridecanoic, n-capric, eicosatrienoic, and linoleic acids were detected in all the tested L. arundinaceum cultivars, irrespective of either their cultivar or their endophyte status. Phenolic extracts from L. perenne infected with Epichloe ‘wild type’ scavenged DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) at a much faster rate than that infected with AR1, AR37, and that free of Epichloe. The extracts from the Epichloe-free Mediterranean L. arundinaceum showed the maximum antioxidant capacity, followed by the Epichloe-free Continental L. arundinaceum. Lolium perenne infected with Epichloe ‘wild-type’ showed the greatest scavenging capacity, whereas the endophyte-free L. perenne showed the least. Those L. perenne populations infected with strains AR1 and AR37 showed intermediate capacities. Alkaloids synthesized in Epichloe-infected Poaceae induce toxicity in horses, cattle, and sheep. Today we know of most of the secondary metabolites produced in Epichloe-infected Poaceae. Ergot alkaloids (e.g., ergoamides) induce psychotropic effects in consumer animals, whereas vasomotor effects are less pronounced. Ergopeptides and their derivatives usually occur in Epichloe-infected Lolium-s, especially in L. arundinaceum. Ergopeptines cause vasomotor effects resulting in ‘fescue foot’, which is, invariably, aggravated by elevated atmospheric temperature. Ergovaline, another abundant Epichloe-derived alkaloid in poaceous seeds, presently known to bear the greatest vasomotor effect. Studies made, thus far, clarify that interactions with drug-metabolizing enzymes happen and these interactions have a role in the elevating the toxicity levels of the ergot-family of alkaloids.