Fertilizer Mixture Research Articles

Effects of different organic amendments on soil pore structure acquired by three‐dimensional investigation

AbstractThe application of organic amendments is an important way to improve soil structure. However, the differences in soil pore properties after adding various organic materials are not fully available, which is important for selecting the most suitable material for soil improvement. In this study, soil pore structures in a field experiment amended with different organic materials (maize straw [MS], cattle manure, mixture of MS and cattle manure, biochar, woody peat, and polyacrylamide [PAM]) were determined by digital image analysis and three‐dimensional (3D) investigation, and their changes were quantitatively evaluated. The results showed that all organic material applications reduced the soil bulk density and increased the field capacity and water‐stable macroaggregate content. The 3D information about the soil pore structure showed that MS return was closely related to pore shape parameters. Soil treated with PAM had a low channel and throat number, long channel length and large throat area, all of which affect soil solute migration and crop root growth. A straw and organic fertiliser mixture changed the medium and large porosity (>500 μm) percentage from 1.1% to 9.7%, and the connected/isolated porosity ratio (C/I ratio) increased by 4.7 times. Taken together, our results indicate that the application of organic amendments can effectively improve the soil microstructure in fluvo‐aquic soils of the Huanghuaihai Plain in China, which is consistent with macroscopic physical properties such as bulk density and field capacity. PAM addition can promote the redistribution of air, water and nutrients in the soil. Straw returning can significantly affect the soil pore shape. Among all organic amendments, a straw and organic fertiliser mixture had the most obvious effects on the soil structure, especially on improving soil connectivity.Highlights Computed tomography and digital image processing used to visualise and quantify pore structure of soil treated with organic materials. Applications of various organic amendments reduced bulk density of fluvo‐aquic soil. Field capacity and water‐stable macroaggregates were increased. Straw and organic fertiliser improved soil porosity and connectivity and increased numbers of macropores.

Effect of Integrated Nano-Complete, Mineral Fertilizer, and Seaweed Extracts on the Activity of Urease in the Reduction and Oxidation Layers of Soil Planted with Rice

To investigate the impact of adding seaweed extracts, urea, and complete nano-fertilizer on the effectiveness of urease enzyme at the rhizosphere in the flowering and full maturity stages in soil planted with rice, an experiment was carried out in one of the agricultural fields affiliated to Babylon Governorate / Al-Tali’ah district. The experiment was applied according to an RBCD with three replications, in a simple one-way experience. The experiment’s treatments included adding urea fertilizer at the level of 200 kg N ha-1, symbolized by the (U), and adding seaweed extracts at the levels (20 and 40 kg ha-1). They are denoted by the symbol A1 and A2 respectively, in addition to the complete nano-fertilizer at the levels (3 and 6 kg ha-1), which are denoted by the symbol NC1 and NC2 respectively, as well as the comparison treatment. The results of the Duncan test showed the following: The addition of the fertilizer mixture (A2NC1) significantly outperformed the enzyme urease activity of the reducing layer in the flowering and ripening stages, as it was recorded (168.80 and 160.42 )µg N-NH4+g-1 soil2h-1 Straight.

Influence of copper-zinc mixture in different rates on pH and electrical conductivity as a potential for foliar spray fertilization

Electrical conductivity (EC) and pH of a nutrient solution influences the availability of nutrients, so it should be maintained in the optimum range. Nutrient solutions available to plants at low pH (between 5.0 and 6.0) and EC (between 1.6 and 2.4). Pineapple plants require copper and zinc micronutrients to produce high quality fruits. By applying different rates of copper-zinc chelated fertilizer with NPK fertilizer, it will help to increase the plant growth and nutrient uptake. 0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5 and 0.6 g of copper EDTA and zinc EDTA were added with 8.89 g nitrogen, 3.86 g phosphorus, and 2.18 g potassium. All the mixtures were diluted with 250 ml water. Electrical conductivity (EC) analysis was measured using the EC meter with calibrated conductivity meter while pH solution was measured using pH meter. Results from this study can be concluded that there was a significant difference between pH and EC reading. The optimum solution at 0.6 g rate of copper EDTA and zinc EDTA showed pH 5.74 and EC reading at 1.156 ms/m. The findings of this study showed that copper-zinc chelated fertilizer mixtures at different rates can affect the reading of pH and EC.

Effects of Water and Fertilizer Management Practices on Methane Emissions from Paddy Soils: Synthesis and Perspective.

Water and fertilizer management practices are considered to have great influence on soil methane (CH4) emissions from paddy fields. However, few studies have conducted a quantitative analysis of the effects of these management practices. Here, we selected 156 observations of water management from 34 articles and 288 observations of fertilizer management from 37 articles and conducted a global meta-analysis of the effects of water and fertilizer management practices on soil CH4 emissions in paddy fields. In general, compared with traditional irrigation (long-term flooding irrigation), water-saving irrigation significantly decreased soil CH4 emissions but increased rice yield. Among the different practices, intermittent irrigation had the fewest reductions in CH4 emissions but the greatest increase in rice yield. In addition, fertilization management practices such as manure, mixed fertilizer (mixture), and straw significantly enhanced CH4 emissions. Rice yields were increased under fertilization with a mixture, traditional fertilizer, and controlled release fertilizer. Our results highlight that suitable agricultural water and fertilizer management practices are needed to effectively reduce CH4 emissions while maintaining rice yields. We also put forward some prospects for mitigating soil CH4 emissions from paddy fields in the context of global warming in the future.

The Effectiveness of the Organic Fertilizer Formula of the PGPR and Biocontrol Agents Consortium on the Growth of Leeks and Reduction of Soft Rot Disease

The growing demand for organic leeks (Allium fistulosum L.) in the lowlands necessitates the introduction of organic fertilizers and disease-controlling biological agents. Erwinia sp. causes soft rot disease, which results in the loss of 12-40% of the plant’s weight. Because soil-infected pathogens are difficult to control, biological agents that live in the same niche as pathogenic bacteria are used to combat them. This study chose to examine Streptomyces sp. isolate CS1 and Trichoderma viride isolate TTA1 for their potential antagonistic abilities against Erwinia sp. Organic fertilizers and biological agents can be combined in a single-use formulation for maximum efficiency. The study’s primary objective was to see how effective the decomposer microbial consortium’s organic fertilizer formula and biological agents were at promoting leek growth and reducing soft rot disease. The five treatments used in the study were B0 (no pathogen control), B1 (PGPR consortium organic fertilizer = BIOMEG), B2 (BIOMEG + Streptomyces), B3 (BIOMEG + Trichoderma), and B4 (BIOMEG + Streptomyces + Trichoderma). Each experiment was carried out five times. The consortium fertilizer was made in the following manner: the organic matter was fermented for four weeks with a suspension of Bacillus megatrium, Bacillus ap., Pseudomonas sp., and Aspergillus niger, then for two weeks with a suspension of Streptomyces-CS1 and Trichoderma viride-TTA1. The leek seedlings were inoculated with E. caratovora and planted in a 1:4 mixture of consortium fertilizer and soil. The use of biological agents and the PGPR microbial consortium organic fertilizer formula reduced the incidence of soft rot disease in leeks better than the use of the PGPR microbial consortium organic fertilizer formula alone. The organic fertilizer formula of the microbial consortium PGPR + Streptomyces + Trichoderma produced the best results in terms of disease reduction and leek yield.
 Keywords: Organic-fertilizer, PGPR, Leeks, Softrot-diseases

Effect of Cow Dung Dose and Sowing Density on the Agronomic Performance of a Cotton Variety (Gossypium hirsutum l.) Grown in the Bere Region in the North-West of Côte d'Ivoire

The present study aims to determine the optimal dose of ox dung and the sowing density that optimize the yield of seed cotton in the region of BERE in the North-West of Côte d'Ivoire. Six fertilizer doses (T0, T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5) were tested. Among these six doses, T1, T2, T3 and T4 are composed of a mixture of ox dung and NPK mineral fertilizer, T0 is the mineral NPK fertilizer and T5 is composed only of cattle dung. These doses were tested on cotton plants through 4 seeding densities : low density (LowD : 50 cm x 80 cm with 2 plant.pocket-1, either 50000 Plant.ha-1), medium density 1 (Me D1: 40 cm x 80 cm with 2 plant.pocket-1, either 62500 Plant.ha-1), medium density 2 (Me D2 : 20 cm x 80 cm with 1 plant.pocket-1, either 62500 Plant.ha-1) and high density (Hi D : 30 cm x 80 cm with 2 plant.pocket-1, with 83500 Plant.ha-1). Observations focused on six agronomic parameters. All the organo-mineral treatments were more productive than the simple NPK and beef dung treatment. The T2 treatment (2000 kg.ha-1 of cow dung + 100 kg.ha-1 of NPK) made it possible to observe the highest values ​​of the number of capsules per plant (14.37 capsules), of the cottonseed mass per plant (57.02 g) and seed cotton yield (3636.23 kg.ha-1). In terms of sowing density, cotton plants sown under high density (Hi D : 30cm x 80cm, or 83,500 Plant.ha-1) gave a higher seed cotton yield (3950.68 kg.ha-1). The medium seed cotton yield of cotton plants reached its optimum (4434.77 kg.ha-1) when they were sown at high density (83500 Plant.ha-1) and treated with T2 (2000 kg.ha-1 of cattle dung + 100 kg.ha-1 of NPK).

Understanding the control strategies effective against the esca leaf stripe symptom: the edge hypothesis

A peculiar symptom that may develop in grapevines affected by wood pathogens involved in the esca complex of diseases is the leaf stripe symptom, which also gives the name to the Grapevine Leaf Stripe Disease. Multiple studies have revealed strong links between fungal presence, wood symptomatology and expression of the leaf stripe symptom. However, numerous other factors have been shown to play roles in symptom onset, incidence, severity and yearly fluctuation of this disease. While the factors triggering the leaf stripe symptom are still under investigation, three control strategies have been proven effective for substantially reducing its expression, namely trunk surgery, and applications of sodium arsenite or a fertilizer mixture. These control strategies are examined here, including their (putative or confirmed) modes of action, and how they may influence the leaf stripe symptom development. In this article, we also propose the ‘edge’ hypothesis to tentatively explain symptoms onset, keeping in consideration past knowledge and recent advances in the understanding of the esca leaf stripe symptom. Ultimately, it is our intention to offer food-for-thought and stimulate debate within the phytopathological community.

EFFICIENCY OF PHYTOREMEDIATION OF SOIL CONTAMINATED BY HEAVY METALS BY CULTIVATION OF SPOTTED MILK THISTLE

In contrast to air and water environments, soils do not have the ability to quickly clean, so toxic substances that enter it from the outside can be stored for a long time. At the same time, toxicants, being included in the food chain of soil - plants - living organisms, can reach high levels and have a long duration of action. It is known that the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil occurs under the influence of emissions from industrial enterprises, during irrigation with wastewater, removal of sludge to agricultural lands after wastewater treatment, due to the application of mineral and organic fertilizers, etc. When heavy metals affect soils, there is a change in the soil environment, the occurrence of erosion processes, contamination of agricultural products, etc., which necessitates the search for productive and safe methods of their cleaning. The article presents the results of a study of the effectiveness of phytoremediation of soil when growing milk thistle when it is fertilized in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe. Based on the results of the analysis of primary sources, the current problems of soil degradation, their contamination with heavy metals, and the role of phytoremediation are determined. As a result of the research, certain changes in the intensity of the removal of lead, cadmium and zinc from the soil were found when it was fertilized with mineral fertilizers - ammonium nitrate (60 kg/ha), simple superphosphate (60 kg/ha), potassium chloride (60 kg/ha), NPK mixture fertilizers (60/60/60 kg/ha) and organic fertilizers - humus (20 t/ha), sugar beet lime sludge compost (6 t/ha) and green manure (mustard). It was established that fertilizing gray forest soils with ammonium nitrate, simple superphosphate, potassium chloride, and a mixture of NPK fertilizers contributed to the increase of removal with vegetative mass and seeds of milk thistle: lead by 2.14 times, 54.3%, 52.2%, and 87.5 %; cadmium – 3.5 times, 41.9%, 71.1%, 2.2 times; zinc - 2.8 times, 22.7%, 20.1%, 2.6%, respectively. Fertilizing the soil with humus, sugar beet lime sludge compost, green manure increased lead removal from the soil by milk thistle by 60.1%, 42%, 3.9%; cadmium - by 58.0%, 31.3%, 3.2%, zinc - by 2.03 times, 24%, 13.6%, respectively.

Short communication: Pattern of chlorophylls content declined during partial submergence for rice varieties cultivated in North Sulawesi at the vegetative stage

Abstract. Nio SA, Ludong DPM, Siahaan R. 2022. Short communication: Pattern of chlorophylls content declined during partial submergence for rice varieties cultivated in North Sulawesi at the vegetative stage. Biodiversitas 23: 2451-2456. Submergence or flooding stress limits plant growth in various physiological, anatomical, and morphological aspects. This study examined leaf chlorophyll content as a physiological response in some rice varieties cultivated in North Sulawesi during partial submergence imposed at the vegetative stage. Ten rice cultivars, i.e., Permata, Superwin, Cigeulis, Pulo Manado, TB, Ombong, Serayu, Temo, Burungan, and Inpari 31, were grown in plastic trays on planting media in the greenhouse, then watered to field capacity using a mixture of water and fertilizer every second day for two weeks. The plants were submerged 18 cm from the media's surface, and the content of leaf chlorophylls (total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll b) were measured using a spectrophotometer (? 649 and 665 nm) at 0, 3, 6 and 9 days of partial submergence. The chlorophylls (total, a, and b) content decreased during the 9 days of treatment. The highest chlorophylls contents were observed in rice cv. Superwin and the chlorophylls content at day 0 (before partial submergence commenced) were higher than at 3, 6, and 9 days after treatment (p<0.05). The data presented here supported that leaf chlorophylls content is a potential physiological indicator of partial submergence stress in rice, including the North Sulawesi local rice, at the vegetative phase.

The Interaction Effect between Mycorrhiza (Glomus Mosseae), Organic and Mineral Fertilizers on Growth, Yield of Cauliflower (Brassica Oleracea) and Some Desert Soil Characteristics

The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding Mycorrhiza, local organic fertilizer, and biochar (seek) singly or in combination on some properties of desert soils from the Karbala governorate. Coupled with the growth and yield of cauliflower (Brassica Oleracea) under different levels of mineral fertilization. A Biological experiment was carried out to achieve the objectives of the study by placing 20 kg of desert soil that was transported from the Holy Karbala Governorate from the site of Imam Hussein Agricultural City. This soil was placed in environmentally friendly bags made of linen cloth 50 cm in diameter and 35 cm in height. The biological experiment included three factors: organic fertilizer (local organic fertilizer, biochar (Seek) and without adding organic fertilizer) and biofertilizer (inoculation with mycorrhiza and without mycorrhiza). On the other hand, the third factor represents mineral fertilizer addition at three levels (100%, 50%, and 0 %) of the fertilizer recommendation for cauliflower. Generally, 16 g of biochar (Seek) for every 20 kg of soil was added by mixing to 15 cm of depth from the soil surface, while 500 g of local organic fertilizer was added in the same way. The results showed the superiority of adding Mycorrhiza in the availability of nitrogen and phosphorous in the soil after planting. It gives values of 92.00 mg N kg-1 soil and 9.18 mg p kg-1 soil in the inoculated soil compared to their concentration in the uninoculated soil, which amounted to 87.69 mg N kg-1 and 8.65 mg p kg-1 soil nitrogen and phosphorous, respectively. The results analysis showed also the superiority of adding a mixture of local organic fertilizer with biochar (Seek) in increasing the nitrogen availability in the soil. It gave 91.72 mg N kg-1 of soil compared to the treatment of adding seek alone and the control treatment, which gave values of 88.94 and 87.28 mg N kg -1soil, respectively.The study showed the positive and significant resultsof the triple interaction between the addition of mycorrhiza and the combination of organic fertilizer with the addition of 100% of the mineral fertilizer recommendation for cauliflower in increasing the concentration of available nitrogen in the soil, as it gave 101.00 mg N kg-1 soil compared to the control treatment, which gave 67.67 mg N kg-1soil. The addition of mycorrhiza contributed to an increase in the weights and curd diameters, the leaves dry weight and gave values of 711.1 g, 15.44 cm, 36.33 g compared to the control treatment for the same traits, which amounted to 562.4 g, 14.69 cm, and 27.08 g, respectively. Besides, the 100% addition of the recommendation resulted in higher values for leaves, curd diameters, and leaf dry weight to reach 697.9 g and 15.71 g respectively compared to not adding mineral fertilizer which gave values of 581.2 g, 14.08 cm, and 28.96 g respectively. Finally, the study findings showed the significant effect of adding combined bio-organic fertilizer in increasing the concentration of organic matter in the soil after planting, which amounted to 7.14 and 7.63 g.kg-1, compared to the control treatment, which gave 6.91 and 6.31 g. kg-1, respectively.

Mixtures of Macro and Micronutrients Control Grape Powdery Mildew and Alter Berry Metabolites.

Powdery mildew caused by the fungus Erysiphe necator is a major grape disease worldwide. It attacks foliage and berries and reduces yield and wine quality. Fungicides are mainly used for combating the disease. Fungicide resistance and the global requisite to reduce pesticide deployment encourage the use of environment-friendly alternatives for disease management. Our field experiments showed that the foliar application of the potassium phosphate fertilizer Top-KP+ (1-50-33 NPK) reduced disease incidence on leaves and clusters by 15–65% and severity by 75–90%, compared to untreated vines. Top-KP+ mixed with Nanovatz (containing the micronutrients boron (B) and zinc (Zn)) or with TruPhos Platinum (a mixture containing N, P2O5, K2O, Zn, B, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Mo, and CO) further reduced disease incidence by 30–90% and disease severity by 85–95%. These fertilizers were as effective as the fungicide tebuconazole. Tank mixtures of fertilizers and tebuconazole further enhanced control efficacy in the vineyards. The modes of action of fertilizers in disease control were elucidated via tests with grape seedlings, microscopy, and berry metabolomics. Fertilizers applied preventively to the foliage of grape seedlings inhibited powdery mildew development. Application onto existing mildew colonies plasmolyzed mycelia and conidia and arrested the development of the disease. Berries treated with fertilizers or with a fungicide showed a significant increase in anti-fungal and antioxidant metabolites. Twenty-two metabolites, including non-protein amino acids and carbohydrates, known for their anti-fungal and bioactive effects, were significantly upregulated in grapes treated with fertilizers as compared to grapes treated with a fungicide, suggesting possible indirect activity against the pathogen. Esters and organic acids that contribute to wine quality were also upregulated. We conclude that integrating macro and micronutrients in spray programs in commercial vineyards shall control powdery mildew, reduce fungicide deployment, delay the buildup of fungicide resistance, and may improve wine quality.

Effect of Organic and Mineral Fertilizers on the Growth and Production Parameters of Maize (Zea mays L.) at Djalingo in the North Region of Cameroon

In Cameroon, maize (Zea mays L.) remains the staple food crop the most consumed in the northern part of that country. Therefore, investigation of the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers applied singly or in combination on growth and production parameters of TZEE-W maize variety was carried out from June to September 2015 in the locality of Djalingo in the North region of Cameroon. Field experiments were designed in Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD) in three replicates treatments single or combinations of organic manures (Cow dung, Poultry manure and Cotton crab) with the inorganic fertilizer (NPK 150 kg/ha). Plant maize receiving the mixture of mineral and organic fertilizers significantly improved their growth and production traits. The highest maize grain yield up to 6.33 tons/ha was registered in the maize plot treated with the mixture of 1/4 Cow dung + 1/4 Cotton crab +1/4 Poultry manure +1/4 NPK while a moderate maize grain yield of 3.87 and 3.76 tons/ha were obtained in the combination treatments of 1/2 Cotton crab+ 1/2 NPK treatment and 1/2 Cow dung + 1/2 NPK, respectively. Thus, fertilization strategies that mix inorganic fertilizer with organic manures should be developed and adopted by farmers to increase and improve maize yield, especially in the northern part of Cameroon where famine and poverty are recurrent.

Application of mineral fertilizers and bacterial preparations in the cultivation of winter barley on ordinary chernozem in the conditions of the Lower Don

The experiments were carried out in 2018–2021 on ordinary chernozem in the conditions of the Rostov region. The winter barley variety Master was cultivated. The predecessor is corn for grain. Mineral fertilizers included ammonium nitrate (34.4%), ammophos (12-52), nitroammophos (16-16-16). Nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers (a fertilizer mixture of ammonium nitrate and ammophos) and nitroammophoska (16-16-16) were applied when sowing barley, ammonium nitrate was applied by a surface method randomly in the spring tillering phase. Bacterial preparations contain strains of associative nitrogen-fixing microorganisms: Mizorin, Rizoagrin, Extrasol. They were applied to barley seeds in the pre-sowing period. It has been established that the use of the bacterial preparation Mizorin (600 g/ha) against the background of pre-sowing application of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer at a dose of N30P30, nitrogen top dressing with ammonium nitrate at a dose of 30 kg/a.i. ha increased the increase in grain yield on average over three years compared with the control variant (without the use of agrochemicals) by 0.71 t/ha, or 14.4%. The application of the biological preparation Mizorin without mineral fertilizers increased the yield by 0.31 t/ha, or 6.3%, compared to the control variant. In 2019–2021, the average protein content in the grain of winter barley in the control variant was 10.7%, which ensured the collection of protein 525 kg/ha. Against the background of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers at a dose of N30P30 and nitrogen supplementation at a dose of 30 kg/ha, the maximum increase in protein content was in the variant using Mizorin, which was 1.1% compared to the control variant, while the protein yield in the crop increased by 138 kg/ha, or by 26.3%.

Field germination of seeds, the viability and survival rate of spring barley plants under various variants of the nutrition system in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine

The article presents the results of three-year studies on the influence of various variants of the nutrition system on the field germination of seeds, the viability and survival rate of spring barley plants in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. Formulation of the problem. Analysis of the spring barley yield in Ukraine indicates a significant lag behind the leading agrarian countries of the EU. Now there is a tendency for a gradual increase in its yield in Ukraine, in particular in 2018, 2019 and 2020 it was 2,75, 3,25 and 3,27 t/ha. At the same time, it is still half as much in comparison with the leading EU countries, which is why there is a need to look for ways to increase the yield of spring barley in specific growing conditions. The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of various options for the main application of complex fertilizers and foliar dressing with various options for a mixture of urea, biostimulant and polymer fertilizers on field germination of seeds, viability and survival rate of spring barley plants in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. Research methodology. The studies were carried out during 2018–2020 on the fields of the educational and experimental farm of the separate structural unit "Novokakhovskiy specialized college of the DmytroMotornyiTavria State Agrotechnological University", located in the central part of the Kakhovka district of the Kherson region. The two-way experiment was carried out by the split-section method in four repetitions and two tiers. Five options for the main application of mineral fertilizers and five options for foliar dressing were studied. The sowing area was 120 m2, and the counting area was 80 m2. Research results. In the course of the research, a tendency to increase the indices of field germination of seeds was established for all variants of the main application of complex fertilizers. It was the highest on the options for using ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer at the rate of N30P30K30 and N60P60K60 82.9 %, which is almost 2,0 % higher than in the control. The main application of fertilizers and foliar dressing, by improving nutrition and leveling exogenous stresses, significantly increased the viability and survival rate of spring barley plants. By optimizing the feeding system (variant of the main application of ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer N60P60K60, followed by two foliar dressings: during microphase 31 with a mixture of carbamide (N10 kg/ha), Efisoil Renovation at a dose of 0,4 l/ha and Folik Micro at a dose of 1,5 l/ha and during microphase 39 with a mixture of Efisoil Renovation at a dose of 0,4 l/ha together with Folik Micro at a dose of 3,0 l/ha), the safety and survival of plants was 5,6 and 10,5 % higher, respectively, than in the control. Thus, the optimization of the feeding system of spring barley, even under the condition of the same indicators of all other elements of the yield structure, only due to the higher survival rate of plants, provides an increase in grain yield by more than 10,0 %. Key words: spring barley, main fertilization, foliar feeding, field germination, viability, survival rate.

Increased in Soil and Water Phospate in Peat Ponds Treared with a Mixture of Biologycal Fertilizers

This research was conducted on November until December 2019, on Peatlands, Kualu Nenas Village, Tambang District, Kampar Regency, Riau Province. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of giving a mixture of human and cow feces biological fertilizers and to get the best comparison of a mixture of human and cow feces biological fertilizers on the increase in soil phosphate and peat pond water. The method of this research is an experimental method using a Complete Random Design (CRD) with one factor, six treatments, and three replications is P0: Control, P1: 100% giving of cow feces (120g), P2: 25% giving of human feces (30g) + 75% cow feces (90g), P3: 50% human feces (60g) + 50% cow feces (60g), P4: 75% human feces (90g) + 25% cow feces (30g), and P5: 100% human feces (120g). The results showed that 75% giving of human feces (90g) + 25% giving of cow feces biological fertilizers (30g) had an effect on phosphate changes in soil and peat water media with the respective levels obtained at 0,47% - 0,74% and phosphate content of water is 1,37 ppm-3,50 ppm

Combination of Biological Fertilizers and Inorganic Fertilizers to Increase Productivity of Red Curly Chili (Capsicum annuum L)

Due to declining soil fertility as a consequence of continued land usage, the production of red curly chilies has decreased. Fertilization, both biological and inorganic, is one strategy that may be used. The goal of this research was to ascertain the effect of a fertilizer mixture on the growth and production of red curly chili. Land preparation, planting, application of biological and inorganic fertilizers, and observation of growth and production were all included in the study phases. The study was done in a factorial experiment with three replications, with factor 1 being biological fertilizer and factor 2 being the kind of micro fertilizer. At 0, 30, 60, and 90 days after planting, bio-fertilizers, NPK, and micro-fertilizers were applied four times. The height of the plant, the diameter of the crown, the number of chilies, the length of the fruit, the weight of the chilies, and the diameter of the chilies were all recorded. The collected data were examined statistically using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at the 5% and 10% levels. The findings indicated that micronutrient brand B treatment had an effect on plant growth. Plant production is affected by the use of biological fertilizers.

Kireçli Toprakta Börülcenin Fide Gelişimi Üzerine Vermikompost ve Mikoriza Uygulamalarının Etkileri

Organic matter has a positive effect on the uptake of nutrients in the soil. The increase in mycorrhizal activities in the soil causes an increase in the activities in the rhizosphere region. Vermicompost is among the most useful organic fertilizers that can be added to the soil in recent years. Soil microflora is capable of realizing the return of mineral substances. Akkız cowpea variety was used in the study: The experiment was carried out as a viol study with 3 replications according to the randomized blocks trial design. In the study, seedling development was achieved by mixing vermicompost (0, 15, 30 and 45%) with and without mycorrhiza in a soil containing 16% lime into the viols in order to develop seedlings. Sufficient minerals have been applied to the plants for their growth. Seedlings were harvested when they were 40 days old, and seedling measurement parameters and macronutrients in plant leaves were checked. As the amount of vermicompost increased, it caused an increase in the above-ground fresh and dry weights, root fresh and root dry weights of the seedlings. As the organic fertilizer mixture increased, the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium concentrations of the plant leaves increased. The addition of mycorrhiza to the rearing medium has led to different results in the investigated characteristics. Addition of increasing organic fertilizer ratios in the study, Organic fertilizer and bacteria application of cowpea cultivars were effective in increasing the development of plants in calcareous soils.

Фосфор өндірісінің қалдығы фосфогипсті тиімді пайдалану

Фосфор өндірісінің қалдығы болып табылатын фосфогипсті халық шаруашылығының түрлі салаларында, атап айтқанда, агроөнеркәсіп кешенінде қолдану үшін ұзақ мерзім бойы минералды тыңайтқыштың құрамына әсер ететін қолдану әдістері мен тәсілдеріне қысқаша шолу жасалды. Фосфогипстің физико-химиялық қасиеттерін зерттеу нәтижелері оның құрамындағы CaSO4, макро- және микроэлементтердің болуына байланысты қышқылданған топырақтарды кальцинациялауда мелиорант ретінде пайдалану мүмкіндігін негіздеу үшін ұсынылған. Фосфогипстің рентгендік фазалық талдауы бойынша ескі және жаңа үйінділердің құрамында: гипс CaSO4∙2H2O - 87,93% және 85,04%; кварц SiO2 - 9,10% және 10,58%; бассанит CaSO4 ∙ 0,67H2O - сәйкесінше 2,97% және 4,38%. «Қазфосфат» ЖШС Тараз филиалының ескі және жаңа үйінділерінен алынған фосфогипс үлгілерінің химиялық құрамы зерттелді. Көрсетілген үйінділердің фосфогипс үлгілеріне дифференциалды-термиялық және ИҚ талдаулары жүргізілді. Негізгі құрамдас бөліктердің құрамында ерекше айырмашылықтар жоқ екені анықталды. Жүргізілген зерттеулердің негізінде құрамында ұзақ әсер ететін өндірістік нысандардың қатты қалдықтарынан кешенді аралас тыңайтқыш қоспаларының жаңа түрлерін алудың мүмкіндігі зерттелді. Жоспардағы кешенді аралас тыңайтқыш қоспа құрамын фосфатты зат, ылғал сақтайтын компонент ретінде вермикулит, егіс алқаптарының қышқылдануын және тұздануын азайту үшін топырақ жамылғысын бейтараптандырғыш ретінде микроэлементтерді мазмұндайтын ішкі жыныстар және фосфогипс.

Influence of Integrated Nutrient Management on Yield of Coconut (Cocos Nucifera) on Sandy Soils

The study mainly to find out the effect of activated biomass on the yield of 10 years of Ceylon tall coconut plants at bris soil to develop a fertilizer mixture that supports plant productivity. The activated biomass was derived from coconut fronds and empty fruit bunch which were air-dried and carbonized in a stainless steel fabricated kiln at a temperature between 250oC-350oC for 4 h to develop the activated biomass. Seven treatments including control were selected. Measurements of yield parameters viz., fruit weight, nut weight, husk weight, water volume, fruit perimeter, fruit length, flesh thickness and the number of nuts increased were conducted every 2 months. There are significant differences at (P<0.05) were observed in some yield parameters, percent of nut increased, flesh thickness and fruits parameter were highest at T3. The treatment of T6 shows the highest records of fruits length, water volume, the weight of fruits, and husks weight. T7 recorded the highest reading of stem diameter. Further field evaluations are needed to determine the relationship of the level of activated biomass with the different level amount of NPK supply in inducing the nutrient availability and soil microbial.

Spring wheat productivity when using Megamix liquid fertilizers

At present, the attention of scientists is increasingly attracted by the study of the effect of stimulating preparations on agricultural plants. They have a rich composition of macro-, meso- and microelements in an easily accessible form for plants, the use of which has a positive effect on plant development and, as a consequence, contributes to improving the quantity and quality of crop production, including in the specific climate of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region. In this connection on the fields of Scientific Research Laboratory “Korma” of Samara SAU the work to identify the impact of application of stimulating preparations Megamix in the form of liquid fertilizer mixtures in pre-sowing seed preparation and treatment of crops during the growing season of spring wheat was carried out during five years (2017-2021). The paper presents the results of research on the effect of stimulating preparations on the development of soft spring wheat agrophytocenosis at different seeding rates (4.0; 4.5; 5.0 mln germinating seds/ha). The analysis of the influence of the use of Megamix preparations on the indices of photosynthetic activity of plants, indices of yield structure and yield of spring wheat was carried out. It was found that the use of liquid fertilizers Megamix during seed treatment and in the growing season has a positive impact on the index of photosynthetic potential of crops. This indicator increases with the use of Megamix. It reaches its maximum value in the experimental variants, where seeds are treated with a stimulating preparation Megamix Seeds − 2 l/t, followed by treatment of spring wheat crops with Megamix Profi − 0.5 l/ha (in the phase of tillering (29BBCH)) + Megamix Nitrogen − 0.5 l/ha (in the phase of the flag leaf (39BBCH)), which forms the maximum yield of 3.98 t/ha.