Fertilizer In Cultivation Research Articles

Development of a cost-effective medium suitable for the growth and fucoxanthin production of the microalgae Odontella aurita using jeju lava seawater and agricultural fertilizers

Diatoms have garnered significant attention in various industries, including feed, food, and pharmaceuticals, due to their potential as advanced biomaterials containing valuable components such as fatty acids, pigments, and nanoparticles. However, the industrial-scale cultivation of diatoms has faced challenges such as limited productivity and high production costs. This study aimed to develop a cost-effective growth medium for the cultivation of Odontella aurita, a diatom known for its high levels of fatty acids and fucoxanthin production. The research investigated the impact of Jeju lava seawater on the growth of O. aurita OAOSH22 and evaluated the effectiveness of five different agricultural fertilizers in cultivation. The final composition included the selected fertilizer supplemented with silicate. The growth of O. aurita in F/2 medium supplemented with Jeju lava seawater was found to be 1.8 times higher than in the ordinary seawater-based F/2 medium, attributed to the elevated silicon content in Jeju lava seawater. The optimized medium, incorporating Jeju lava seawater and agricultural fertilizer, resulted in a significant increase in biomass by a factor of 15.6 and a substantial rise in fucoxanthin production by a factor of 7.5. Additionally, the utilization of this optimized medium resulted in a significant reduction of 95.1 % and 89.7 % in the costs associated with biomass and fucoxanthin production, respectively. These findings suggest that the use of Jeju lava seawater promotes the growth of O. aurita, and the optimized medium, including agricultural fertilizers, provides a cost-effective alternative to existing microalgal media.

Health education in shallot cultivation for the people of Pattalasang Village

Pattallassang Village is one of the villages in the Pattallassang District, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi Province, known for its abundant agricultural potential. Consequently, the majority of the population in this village earns a living as farmers. Shallots are one commodity with the potential to benefit its users in multiple ways. They serve as a valuable kitchen spice, known for their distinctive aroma and taste, and they also offer health benefits. This community service program aims to educate the public about the health benefits of shallots and the use of organic fertilizer in cultivation. The outcome of this initiative includes increased knowledge about the health benefits of shallots and improved skills in cultivating them using liquid organic fertilizer.

Effectiveness of mineral fertilizers in cultivation of maize for grain under conditions of the Central Chernozem region

The work is devoted to the actual topic related to the quality nutrition of corn grain. depending on the applied mineral fertilizers. Currently. the issue of increasing corn grain yield and its quality is particularly acute due to the increase in the number of farm animals and poultry. Increase in corn grain yield is currently impossible without the use of scientifically based technologies of its cultivation. Properly selected hybrid for the terrain and the use of rational doses of fertilizers together give good results of yield of this crop. Corn is such a crop that responds well to the use of various fertilizers. thereby increasing yield growth. The article considers the effectiveness of mineral fertilizers in the cultivation of maize for grain in the conditions of the Central Chernozem region.

Utilization of Ashes from Biomass Combustion

Biomass is one of the most important sources of renewable energy in the energy industry. It is assumed that by 2050 the global energy deposit could be covered in 33–50% of biomass combustion. As with conventional fuels, the combustion of biomass produces combustion by-products, such as fly ash. Therefore, along with the growing interest in the use of biomass as a source of energy, the production of ash as a combustion by-product increases every year. It is estimated that approximately 476 million tons of ashes per year can be produced from biomass combustion. For example, the calorific value of dry wood mass tends to be between 18.5 MJ × kg−1 and 19.5 MJ × kg−1, while the ash content resulting from thermal treatment of wood is from 0.4 to 3.9% of dry fuel mass. However, biomass ash is a waste that is particularly difficult to characterize due to the large variability of the chemical composition depending on the biomass and combustion technology. In addition, this waste is, on the one hand, a valuable fertilizer component, as it contains significant amounts of nutrients, e.g., calcium (Ca), potassium (K) and microelements, but on the other hand, it may contain toxic compounds harmful to the environment, including heavy metals and substances formed as a result of combustion, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) or volatile organic compounds (VOCs). PAHs and VOCs are formed mainly in the processes of incomplete combustion of coal and wood in low-power boilers, with unstable operating conditions. However, it is important to remember that before the fly ash is used in various industries (e.g., zeolite synthesis, recovery of rare earth metals or plastic production) as an additive to building materials or fertilizers for cultivation, a number of analyses are to be conducted so that the by-products of combustion could be used to allow the by-product of combustion to be used. It is important to conduct tests for the content of heavy metals, chlorides, sulphates, microelements and macroelements, grain and phase composition and organic compounds. If such ash is characterized by low pollution levels, it should be used in agriculture and reclamation of degraded land and not directed to landfills where it loses its valuable properties. The purpose of this review is to present the properties of ashes generated as a result of biomass combustion in Poland and the world, to discuss factors influencing changes in its composition and to present the possibilities of their reuse in the environment and in various branches of industry.

ECOLOGICAL FARMING- RETURN TO TRADITION

This article deals the importance and necessity of ecological farming. Agriculture is the backbone of India. We are all depend on the agriculture for food hence to get higher yield, we use lot of chemicals like harmful pesticides, fertilizers in cultivation of crops. These chemicals make the fertility loss of soil and also cause health issues to the consumers. The best solution to avoid these hazards, we should follow the ecological farming .Ecological farming is the system of production that excludes the synthetic inputs and includes agronomic, biological and mechanical methods like crop rotation, animal manures, organic waste, animal waste etc. which promotes the eco-friendly production.

Differentiated application of mineral fertilizers in cultivation of Sudanese grass

Research on the use of mineral fertilizers considering the intrasoil variability of agrochemical indicators in the sowings of Sudanese grass of Kinelskaya 100 variety was carried out in 2011 and 2017 in two fields of crop rotation deployed in time (pure fallow - winter wheat – spring wheat – spring wheat – Sudanese grass – spring barley) on leached heavy loamy chernozem (humus in the arable layer – 5.2-7.1 %, nitrate and ammonium nitrogen 6.5-16.9 mg/kg of soil, mobile forms of phosphorus – 83-201 mg/kg of soil and exchangeable potassium – 91-198 mg/kg of soil) in the forest-steppe regions of the Euro-North-East of the Russian Federation (The Republic of Mordovia). The scheme of the experiment included 3 variants with fertilizers (planned yield of green mass of Sudanese grass 20.0 t/ha): control (without fertilizers); average dose of fertilizers (N89P33K30 – in 2011, N92P35K28 – in 2017); differentiated doses (N73-99P21-31K23-32 in 2011 and N70-103P24-40K20-21 in 2017). The experiment was based on the principle of a split plot, where plots of the 1st order were reserved for variants with fertilizers, and plots of the 2nd order (5 plots in each repetition) were used to determine the variability of intrasoil fertility and fertilizer application. On average, among two crop rotation fields, the highest yield of Sudan grass (25.1 t/ha) was obtained in the variant with differentiated use of fertilizers, that was significantly higher than the control (49 %) and 10 % higher than in the variant with average doses. The application of fertilizers considering the heterogeneity of soil fertility ensured the smallest range of variation of the yield (4.4 t/ha) among the plots of the testing ground with an insignificant level of variation coefficient (V = 6 %). The use of fertilizers had a positive effect on the collection of dry matter, feed units and digestible protein per 1 ha. According to these indicators, a significant advantage was observed for the variant with differentiated doses, which also provided the highest level of production profitability (122.3 %).

Socialization on the utilization of household organic waste as liquid organic fertilizer in vegetable cultivation

Waste or organic waste from households can be converted into liquid organic fertilizer (POC) because organic waste contains nutrients that can be used as fertilizer. Waste becomes a problem not only in urban areas but also in rural areas because the population is increasing, so that waste production is also more. Household waste that is generated every day can be used as fertilizer by composting, but its utilization is not optimal. The socialization activity aims to provide education and increase insight to the community into the use of household organic waste. The community is given knowledge about the importance of utilizing household organic waste, how to manage household organic waste through the composting process, utilizing household organic waste as liquid organic fertilizer in cultivating vegetable crops, the benefits and cost-efficiency of organic vegetables for family self-sufficiency and organic vegetable business opportunities. The socialization involved 35 people, and the form of activity evaluation uses a questionnaire containing general characteristics of the respondent and selected questions. The results of the evaluation show that the age characteristics of the respondents are 50 - 59 years old, and the level of formal education is from Junior High School to Senior High School. On average, respondents already know and understand how to use household waste by composting a composter bucket (100%) as liquid organic fertilizer

Assessment of the impact wastewater of dairy farms on soil microbiota

In the production of milk on cattle-breeding farms and complexes large amount of wastewater is formed containing significant numbers of chemicals and is ecologically hazardous source of pollution of water and soil resources. Wastewater of dairy farms contain natural animal excretions, exhaust solutions of cleaning and disinfecting agents, milk residue which is washed off from internal surfaces of milking equipment, residues of feed, litter, dirt, which is washed off during washing of walls and floor of dairy cow house. Since such wastewater contain valuable organic substances they are used to fertilize plants. There are technologies of safe use of wastewater from cattle-breeding farms to fertilize pastures. Also wastewater used as fertilizer in cultivation of sugar beets, tomatoes, cucumbers, spinach, cabbage and the like. It is expedient determination of the influence of wastewater used for the fertilizer of agricultural cultures, on the soil microbiota. After all, soil fertility is inextricably linked with microorganisms that inhabit her. The aim of the work was carrying out of an assessment of influence of wastewater from dairy farms on the soil microbiota. Samples of soil for microbiological studies were selected in 20 centimetre thickness of top layer after application of wastewater of dairy farms. The total microorganism number was determined the method of sowing of soil suspension of corresponding dilutions on nutrient medium of meat-and-peptone agar (MPA). Micromycetes on Chapek medium. The state of soil microorganisms after application in her different doses of wastewater of dairy farms was investigated. It is established, that the total number of microorganisms in soil when accounting 12 days later after application of wastewater in quantities of 500 l/ha exceeded control by 7.4%. At doses of 600 l/ha and 700 l/ha by 9.8% and 12.4% accordingly. 30 days later after application of waste-water the number of microorganisms almost did not differ from control. It was observed that after application of wastewater increase the total number of micromycetes. 12 days later after application of dose 500 l/ha, of number of micromycetes was increased on average by 14,6%; in dose of 600 l/ha by 18.0%; in dose of 700 l/ha — by 19.6%. 30 days later after application of wastewater the total number of micromycetes exceeded control by 1.5%. It is defined, that wastewater of dairy farms in doses of 500–700 l/ha do not exert negative effect on soil microbiota.

Optimization of phosphoric fertilizers for cultivation of potato under high phosphorus soils of Eastern Indo-Gangetic plains of Bihar

Phosphorus (P) is an important element that is applied in the form of di-ammonium phosphate or single super phosphate in potatoes. An experiment was conducted at ICAR-Central Potato Research Station, Patna, Bihar during Rabi, 2017-18 and 2018-19 to evaluate invariably use of phosphorus fertilizers in potato crop. The use of phosphorus is often applied at higher rate than its uptake from the soil. Therefore, experiment was undertaken with the objective to optimize and utilize soil phosphorus more efficiently. Potato variety Kufri Khyati was planted in three replications with eight different treatments of fertilizer phosphorus. Data on tuber yield (t/ha) and tuber number (lacs/ha) was recorded. The maximum tubers were recorded at 20% of recommended dose of phosphorus i.e. 5.14 lacs/ha followed by 100% recommended dose of phosphorus (4.56 lacs/ha). The tuber yield was maximum at 100% recommended dose of phosphorus (33.53 t/ha) followed by 50% recommended dose of phosphorus (31.35 t/ha), which was at par with the yield obtained at 20% (30.29 t/ha) to 40% (29.98 t/ha) of recommended dose of phosphorus. The recorded results showed that the omission of phosphorus does not have any significant reduction in the yield as compare to tuber numbers. Therefore it may be recommended that in high P soils, the maintenance dose of 20 % of recommended dose of P is sufficient to harvest economic yield.

The use of waste from the production of gravel as fertilizer for cultivation of technical energy crops

The object of research is the process of management and treatment of crushed stone production waste. Modern approaches to the disposal of crushed stone production waste are analyzed. It is revealed that crushed stone production wastes are mainly used in the construction industry, and their volumes of use are insufficient to neutralize the impact of dumps on the environment. The chemical composition of crushed stone production wastes was analyzed and an experiment was carried out to determine the possibility of their use as fertilizers for the cultivation of industrial energy crops. For the experiment, an energy crop was chosen – sorghum. Sorghum seeds were placed in two types of soil: regular peat substrate and peat substrate with the addition of rock in a ratio of 60:40. Waste from crushed stone production – rock, which includes: quartzite – 90–98 %, pyrophyllite – 1–9 %, ore mineral – 0.3–1 %. The results of the experiment showed an increase in the biomass of sorghum grown on a peat substrate with the addition of rock, 1.5 times, compared with that grown on a conventional peat substrate. Accordingly, the energy yield of sorghum per hectare of field will also grow by 50 %. In addition to increasing the biomass of sorghum, as a result of the experiment, an increase in the number of secondary and tertiary roots was found when it was grown on a peat substrate with the addition of rock. A more developed root system allows the plant to receive more moisture and nutrients, thereby increasing its endurance and drought resistance. The results obtained can be explained by the positive effect of silica, of which more than 90 % of the rock is composed, on the growth and development of plants. It is proposed to increase the level of environmental safety of mining regions through the use of crushed stone waste as fertilizers for industrial energy crops and the transition to alternative energy sources, in particular biofuels made on the basis of these crops.

Efficiency of methods of application of growth regulators and liquid organomineral fertilizer in cultivation of commercial and seed products of melon in conditions of the steppe Volga

Efficiency of methods of application of growth regulators and liquid organomineral fertilizer in cultivation of commercial and seed products of melon in conditions of the steppe Volga

Brief discussion about role and measures of scientific fertilization in ecological cultivation of Chinese medicinal materials

The ecological planting of Chinese medicinal materials is a cultivation technology that takes into account both ecological and economic benefits, and takes scientific planting technology as a guide to achieve the goal of high quality, high yield and efficiency of Chinese medicinal materials and the sustainable and healthy development of Chinese medicinal materials planting. Among them, scientific fertilization is an important measure to realize the ecological planting of Chinese medicinal materials. In recent years, the social economy has developed rapidly. In the production of Chinese herbal medicines, a large amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides have been gradually used to increase short-term economic benefits. The unreasonable use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has neglected the output, quality, safety, environmental pollution and environmental protection of medicinal materials. The impact of continuous development. Therefore, from the perspective of research on cultivation of Chinese medicinal materials, this article briefly describes the role and measures of scientific fertilization in ecological planting of Chinese medicinal materials. The roles of scientific fertilization in solving soil pollution and soil quality deterioration of Chinese herbal medicine cultivation, sustainable deve-lopment of Chinese herbal medicine production, unstable production quality of Chinese herbal medicine products, and quality safety are summarized separately. It is proposed measures based on the characteristics of soil fertilization, the growth and development characteristics of Chinese medicinal materials as the core, and the industrial planting model as the carrier to promote scientific fertilization in the cultivation of Chinese medicinal materials. Finally, the development direction of scientific fertilization and ecological plan-ting of traditional Chinese medicine is prospected, in order to provide support and reference for the development of ecological planting of traditional Chinese medicine.

Assessment of the Efficiency of Nitrogen Slow-Release Fertilizers in Integrated Production of Carrot Depending on Fertilization Strategy

Optimization of plant nutrition is a very important part of primary production quality systems. Crop fertilization is the most important agrotechnical measure because it determines the amount and quality of the yield. Moreover, excess fertilization intensifies the eutrophication processes and the greenhouse effect. The study aimed to assess the suitability of slow-release fertilizers in cultivation of carrot subspecies Daucus carota L. ssp. sativus in the integrated production system. The objective was realized on the basis of a strict field experiment set up on a clay loam soil with low nutrient content. The dose of fertilizer was the experimental factor. The fertilizers were applied during the formation of the ridges. Traditional fertilizers (ammonium phosphate, potassium salt, ammonium nitrate, and a multi-component fertilizer Polifoska 6), as well as a multi-component fertilizer with slow release of nutrients, NPK Mg (18-12-24-4), were used. In individual variants of the experiment, different fertilization strategies were applied: integrated production fertilization, traditional fertilization, and fertilization based on the use of slow-release fertilizers. The control treatment comprised of unfertilized plants. The efficiency of nitrogen fertilization was evaluated based on agronomic efficiency, partial factor productivity, physiological efficiency, and removal efficiency. Fertilization strategy significantly impacted the quantity of obtained yield. In the control sample, prior to mineral fertilization, the crop yield was 33.53 Mg·ha−1. The largest yield was 82.30 Mg·ha−1.The largest yields were obtained from plants fertilized with a combination of slow-release fertilizers, with nitrogen introduced in the form of ammonium phosphate, and through conventional fertilization. The highest productivity and environmental efficiency were obtained in treatments with fertilization according to the principles of integrated production and with slow-release fertilizers. In terms of environmental efficiency, the best results were obtained through nitrogen fertilization using 400 kg of slow-release fertilizers. The use of slow-release fertilizers in carrot cultivation can significantly improve the efficiency of fertilization, both in terms of production and environmental protection.

Insights into the metabolic responses of two contrasting Tibetan hulless barley genotypes under low nitrogen stress.

Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient for plants. However, excessive use of N fertilizer for cultivation is an environmental hazard. A good adaption to N deficiency is known in the Tibetan hulless barley. Therefore, it is of interest to complete the metabolic analysis on LSZQK which is a low nitrogen (low-N) sensitive genotype and Z0284 that is tolerant to low-N. We identified and quantified 750 diverse metabolites in this analysis. The two genotypes show differences in their basal metabolome under normal N condition. Polyphenols and lipids related metabolites were significantly enriched in Z0284 having a basal role prior to exposure to low-N stress. Analysis of the differentially accumulated metabolites (DAM) induced by low-N explain the genotype-specific responses. Fourteen DAMs showed similar patterns of change between low-N and control conditions in both genotypes. This could be the core low-N responsive metabolites regardless of the tolerance level in hulless barley. We also identified 4 DAMs (serotonin, MAG (18:4) isomer 2, tricin 7-O-feruloylhexoside and gluconic acid) shared by both genotypes displaying opposite patterns of regulation under low-N conditions and may play important roles in low-N tolerance. This report provides a theoretical basis for further understanding of the molecular mechanisms of low-N stress tolerance in hulless barley.

DAMPAK PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN PUPUK BOKASHI UNTUK PETANI CABAI MERAH

AbstractBokashi training activities for red chilli farmers are expected to reduce the production costs of red chili cultivation by utilizing resources for the production of organic fertilizer in the environment. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of training activities in making bokashi fertilizer including (1), the ability of red chili farmers as learners to identify the raw material for making bokhashi fertilizer, (2) The trainees can know the benefits of bokhasi fertilizer in cultivated red chili cultivation activities, (3) The trainees can know and be able to make Bokashi fertilizer, (4) red chilli farmers know how to use Bokashi fertilizer in red chili cultivation, (5) the training participants have the desire to apply bokashi fertilizer to the red chili farming. The research approach method is a qualitative descriptive method which measures the impact of implementing bokhasi fertilizer making training by comparing the pre-evaluation with the final evaluation (post-test) of the knowledge, skills and attitudes of farmers towards bokhasi fertilizer training. The results of the study address the impact of increasing aspects of knowledge, skills, and attitudes of participants from the indicators assessed in this research activity. It is expected that the government and other empowering parties will provide more various methods of empowerment (a combination of training and assistance) to increase the knowledge, skills and attitudes of farmers in farming chili.

Эффективность модифицированных удобрений при возделывании сельскохозяйственных культур в Среднем Поволжье

Эффективность модифицированных удобрений при возделывании сельскохозяйственных культур в Среднем Поволжье

Neutralizing global warming impacts of crop production using biochar from side flows and buffer zones: A case study of oat production in the boreal climate zone

Rapid climate change mitigation requires carbon sequestration in addition to greenhouse gas emission reductions. Agriculture may have a high potential for carbon sequestration due to improved practices. However, it is not known how the global warming impacts of crop production could be mitigated especially within an agricultural system. The aim of this study is to evaluate possibilities to neutralize global warming impacts in crop production using biochar produced from side flows and buffer zone biomass. A life cycle assessment methodology is utilized in this research for oat production in the boreal climate zone. Global warming impact reductions are compared for three different side flow utilization options. Traditionally, side flows have been utilized in energy or fodder production, and these options are compared to biochar production at a system level. The potential to use buffer zone biomass for biochar production is also studied. Willow has been selected as a biomass source in buffer zones. Oat production leads to greenhouse gas emissions especially due to the use of fossil and mineral fertilizers in cultivation and heat energy, electricity and fuels in various process phases. The production of one metric ton of oat flakes from cradle to gate generates 700 kg of CO2eq emissions. Biochar and energy production from side flows enables a greater reduction in global warming impacts than the feed use of side flows. Buffer zones in willow biomass and biochar production may enable the full neutralization of the global warming potential of oat production within an agricultural system. Further research with actual measurements is required especially on biochar impacts on soil emissions such as N2O. This research shows that it could be possible to neutralize global warming impacts from crop production using available technologies and available biomass in agricultural systems. A framework is created for carbon neutral crop production using side flows and buffer zone biomass through biochar.

Effect of Urea and SP-36 on the Growth of Grafted Rubber Seedling (Hevea brasiliensis Muell.Arg.) Clone PB 260

This study was conducted from February s / d May at the Institute for Agriculture and Technology (BPTP) East Kalimantan, this study aims to look at the different types of growing medium and the addition of TSP fertilizer in cultivation of oyster mushroom (Pleurotas astreatus) [Jacq FR] Kummer) .This research used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) factorial with two factors, factor 1: type of planting medium consisting of 2 treatment levels, namely (1. Straw Rice, 2. Powder Saws), 2: Type of fertilizer treatments consisting of 1 level namely (1. controls, 2. TSP 0.2%, 3. TSP 0.4%, 4. TSP 0.6%). Each treatment loaded with 5 replicates the data obtained were analyzed with ANOVA and if significant then further tested by using Duncan C DMRT at 95% confidence level, while the relationship between the effect of concentration (treatment) with the observed parameters analyzed with regression Simple linear. Parameters measured were emerging mycelium first time (hst), mycelium meets media (HST) initial appearance of the fruiting bodies (hst), the time of harvest, the number of fruiting bodies, hoods maximum width, stem length fruiting bodies, and the weight of the fruit.Results indicate that the rice straw media with TSP fertilizer as much as 0.6% on average produce mycelium formed fastest time is 3 DAT (Days After Planting, average fruit weight of 103.74 grams.Compared with sawdust medium with fertilizer TSP as much as 0.6% on average produce mycelium formed fastest time is 7 HST average body weight of 105.64 grams of fruit.Conclusions obtained from the results of the study showed that the rice straw media faster than the appearance of mycelium on sawdust media. But for a number of shoots on media more than the media sawdust rice straw.

Use of Organo-Mineral Fertilizers in Grain Sorghum as Reverse Logistics of Organic Residues

Organo-mineral fertilizers are an opportunity for technological innovation, because allow the correct disposal of waste from various agroindustrial sectors, which is a global problem, in order to add value to the by-product generated, as prioritized in reverse logistics. In this sense, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of organic matter sources on the composition of organo-mineral fertilizers in relation to the exclusive use of mineral fertilizers in cultivation of grain sorghum. The experiment was carried out at the Experimental Farm of the Federal Institute of the Triângulo Mineiro, located in the municipality of Campina Verde, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block with eight treatments and four replications arranged in a 4 × 2 + 2 factorial scheme, corresponding to: four levels of organo-mineral fertilizers (70, 100, 130 and 160% of the recommended dose of phosphorus), two sources of organo-mineral fertilizers (sewage sludge and filter cake), and two controls (without and with recommended mineral fertilization). The evaluations were: height of stem, number of leaves and stem diameter at 30, 60, and 90 days after sowing (DAS); total plant height; dry mass of plant shoot at 90 DAS, in vitro digestibility of organic matter at 90 DAS; the relationship of leaf area/ leaf and leaf area/ plant at 90 DAS. All parameters obtained a significant effect for the levels of organo-mineral fertilizer, independent of organic source, except to number of leaves and stem diameter. However, the relationship between the two organic sources was not significant just to plant height at 60 DAS. Interaction between fertilizer levels and organic source occurred to plant height at 90 DAS, dry mass per plant at 90 DAS and in vitro digestibility of organic matter. There was good adjustment in the quadratic regression equation for sorghum growth.

Saline water and potassium fertilization in cultivation of grafted west indian cherry BRS 366 Jaburu

Saline water and potassium fertilization in cultivation of grafted west indian cherry BRS 366 Jaburu