Effect Of Fertilizer Research Articles

The effect of dosage of vermicompost and biourine plus on growth and yield of organic shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.)

Shallot is a common horticultural crop, providing a number of benefits. Effect of organic manure and liquid organic fertilizer and their interaction on growth and yield of shallot was studied. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness increase organic shallot yield with dose fertilizer vermicompost and biourine plus. A two factor experiment with three replications, arranged in factorial randomized block design, was carried out. First factor was dose of vermicompost i.e without vermicompost, vermicompost 10 t/ha, vermicompost 15 t/ha. Second factor was dose of biourine Plus i.e without biourine plus, biourine plus 1500 l/ha, biourine plus 2000 l/ha. Observed variables were height plants, numbers of leaves, number of tubers, fresh weight of tuber, and dry tuber weight. Data were analysed by F test followed by LSD at 5%. It was concluded that the vermicompost and biourine plus dose treatment produced a significant impact on plant height and number of shallot leaves but had no effect on shallot yields. Vermicompost 15 t/ha is able to increase the harvest weight of shallots (fresh weight) by 14% and increase the dry weight of tubers by 17.45%.

Impact of Integrated Nutrient Management on Soil Micronutrients and Organic Matter Dynamics in Maize-mustard Crop Rotation in Himalayan Foothills

Aims: The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of inorganic fertilizers and organic manures on availability of micronutrients and organic matter in soils of rainfed agriculture in foothills of Himalayas. Place and Duration of Study: Present study was conducted at Advance Centre for Rainfed Agriculture (ACRA), Rakh Dhiansar, Jammu from 2020 to 2022. Methodology: In a long-term field experiment, we investigated the effects of 10 treatments on soil micronutrients, organic matter and their correlation under rain fed agriculture. Randomized block design was used with three replications. Following are the treatments: T1 - Control, T2 - 100% RDF of N,P,K through chemicals, T3 - 50% RDF of N,P,K through chemicals, T4- 50% RD of N through crop residue, T5 - 50% RD of N through FYM, T6 -50% RDF of N,P,K through chemicals + 50% RDF of N through crop residues, T7- 50% RDF of N,P,K through chemicals + 50% RD of N through FYM, T8 - FYM @ 10 ton/ha, T9 - 100% RDF of N,P,K through chemicals + Zinc Sulphate @ 20kg/ha and T10 - Farmer practice (FYM @ 4 ton/ha + 40kg urea /ha). The micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn) showed maximum increase with the application of organic manures along with inorganic fertilizers over control in both surface and sub surface layers of the soil. However, in the sub-surface soil, there was less availability of these nutrients than the surface layer of the soil. The available Zn content was found maximum in the treatment T9 getting 100% NPK + ZnSO4 @ 20kg/ha over control. The treatment T8 with the application of FYM @ 10 ton/ha recorded highest content of soil organic matter in surface soil. Positive and significant correlations were observed between soil organic matter and the micronutrient content of the soil. The INM practices proved very beneficial for increasing the sustainability of soil.

The Effect of Phosphate Fertilizer and Lime in Ultisol Soil on Phosphate and Protein Leaf Levels of Corn (Zea mays L.) and Soybean (Glycine max L. (Merr))

The Effect of Phosphate Fertilizer and Lime in Ultisol Soil on Phosphate and Protein Leaf Levels of Corn (Zea mays L.) and Soybean (Glycine max L. (Merr))

Deciphering the Effects of Phosphate Fertiliser on Rhizospheric Bacterial Community Structure and Potato Common Scab.

The prolonged practice of continuous potato cropping, coupled with inadequate field management, disrupts the soil bacterial community equilibrium. Such disturbances compromise the resilience of the soil ecosystem, predisposing it to an increased incidence of potato diseases. However, the effects of the phosphorus fertiliser application rate on the rhizosphere soil bacterial community composition of potatoes and the occurrence of potato common scab (CS) have not been adequately studied. Here, diseased field soils from Dingxi and Huidong Counties were collected for potting tests, and field tests were conducted in Huidong County for validation. An examination of the relationship between the bacterial community composition in the potato rhizosphere soil and potato CS under different phosphate fertiliser treatments was conducted using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. The results show that a lower phosphorus fertiliser application rate was more conducive to maintaining soil bacterial community diversity under different phosphorus fertiliser treatments in different habitats. In addition, the relative abundance of the txtA gene increased significantly (p < 0.05) with the increase in the phosphate fertiliser application rate. Field trials conducted in Huidong revealed that treatments F1, F2, and F3 had respective CS incidence rates of 28.33%, 46.67%, and 59.44%, while their corresponding disease severity indices were 7.67, 17.33, and 29.44. Further analysis revealed that the relative abundance of antagonistic genera of pathogenic S. scabies decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with increases in the phosphorus fertiliser application rate. In summary, the correlation between potato CS and changes in the bacterial community of rhizosphere soil was used to determine the optimal phosphorus application rate during potato production, which can provide a scientific basis for the management of phosphorus fertiliser in potato farmland.

Effect of modern red clover &amp; nitrogen fertiliser on yield, quality and botanical composition of a hybrid ryegrass sward

The advantages to pasture quality and quantity through the use of red clover in New Zealand farm systems is becoming more recognised. However, the production interactions between nitrogen fertiliser use and its effect on red clover in pastures is not well understood across multiple regions. Within this study we look to quantify the advantages of utilising red clover in hybrid ryegrass systems and show the effects of nitrogen fertiliser on red clover composition within the sward. In 2019, three replicated plot trials were established in the Manawatu, Canterbury and Southland provinces of New Zealand. All sites were managed with a typical cut and carry system for plot trials for 3 years, with dry matter (DM) production, seasonal feed quality and botanical composition measured. The primary treatments of the trials were tetraploid hybrid ryegrass, with and without red clover, with a nitrogen fertiliser treatment (276 kg N/ha/yr) and without overlayed. The trial results showed that adding both legume and fertiliser increased total dry matter production, as well as increasing the nutritional value of the pasture. Compared to straight hybrid ryegrass without fertiliser, when red clover or nitrogen fertiliser was added to the pasture mix/sward separately, total yield over three years increased by 18,147 kg DM/ha &amp; 14,802 kg DM/ha respectively. When both red clover and nitrogen fertiliser were added to the pasture mix/sward, yield was increased by 23,301 kg DM/ha over three years. Fertiliser use and season had a significant effect on the red clover percentage of the pasture. However, even in the nitrogen fertiliser treatments, red clover proportions remained in excess of 15% across spring, summer and autumn. During winter, clover growth was minimal and contributed very little to dry matter production. Overall, the addition of red clover in pasture can significantly increase overall production and potential profitability of a farming system regardless of fertiliser practice. Maintaining fertiliser contributed to a balanced pasture which benefited the autumn-winter production phase.

Agroecological estimation of the effect of crop rotation and mineral fertilizers on productivity and quality of spring barley grain in the Central Blackearth region of Russia

The purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of crop rotations and doses of mineral fertilizers on productivity, grain quality of spring barley and fertility of typical chernozem in the Central Сhernozem Region (CBR). The study was conducted in a multifactorial trial located on the watershed plateau of the research and production department No. 2 of the Federal Agricultural Kursk Research Center in 2018 and 2022. The soil of the experimental plot was typical medium-loamy chernozem, with 5.9 % of humus. There have been studied such factors as grain-fallow-row and grain-grass-row crop rotations; with fertilizer doses and no fertilizers, N30Р30К30, N60Р60К60. The highest biological productivity of spring barley up to 5.99 t/ha was identified in the grain-fallow-row crop rotation with the dose of N60Р60К60. However, the presence of perennial leguminous grasses in the grain-grass-row crop rotation contributed to a smaller decrease in humus, the maximum loss of which in it was 0.14 %, which was 0.02 % lower than in the grain-fallow-row crop rotation. The trends of agroecological effect of crop rotations and mineral fertilizers on the indicators of spring barley grain production were estimated with a digital method, namely the Harrington desirability function. There has been established an “acceptable, satisfactory” effect of crop rotations and mineral fertilizers on the studied indicators (di = 0.50), but in relation to individual indicators of grain production, the level of effect of crop rotations varies significantly from di = 0.12 “completely unacceptable” to di = 0.83 “most acceptable”. The ecological properties of crop rotation are manifested in the estimation of its effect on the humus content in the soil: “acceptable, satisfactory” (di = 0.38–0.52). The comprehensive estimation of the effect of mineral fertilizers for most indicators has increased proportionally to their dose, reaching di = 0.49–0.65, which indicates their “acceptable, satisfactory” effect.

Effect of FYM and Inorganic Fertilizers on Growth, Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Soil Properties of Red Alfisol

The soil multi-nutrient deficiency is not only a problem for soil quality, but also for crop productivity. In problematic soils, in particular acid soils, where low nutrient availability is a concern for general soil use, organic fertilizers are important. The importance of FYM is not limited to their role as accessibility, cost-effectiveness, soil nutrient reservoirs, moisture and ameliorating soil properties that determine soil fertility and productivity status. A pot experiment was conducted on wheat crop at Banaras Hindu University, India, to investigate the effect of FYM and inorganic fertilizers on growth, yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and soil properties of red Alfisol. The results revealed that maximum number of tiller pot-1 (17.0), plant height (78.0 cm), grain yield (27.4 g pot-1), straw yield (9.98 g pot-1), biological yield (67.5 g pot-1), harvest index (40.6%), were recorded in 1.5RF+FYM1applied pots. The correlation study revealed a significant positive correlation of soil organic carbon with biological yield, and soil available N, P and K. The integration of FYM along with 1.5 times RF significantly enhanced wheat productivity, quality, and soil nutrient availability, indicating the potential of this integrated approach for restoring soil fertility in degraded soils to sustainable crop production in red Alfisol.

Effect of Humic Acid, Seaweed Extracts and Organic Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Broccoli (Brassica Oleracea)

Two-successive greenhouse experiments were conducted at the protected cultivation department in Zakho Technical Institute, Dohuk Polytechnic University, Kurdistan region of Iraq during the seasons of 2021-2022 and 2021-2022 to inspect the growth and yield response of broccoli cultivar (Agassirz) to foliar application of humic acid and seaweed extract at concentration of 0, 2, and 4 ml.L-1 for the both and using of organic fertilizer (animal manure) at three levels 0, 5, and 10 ton.ha-1. The treatments were organized in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The obtained data revealed that the foliar application of humic acid and seaweed extract at concentration of 4 ml.L-1 and organic manure of 10 ton.donum-1 resulted in significant increase in vegetative traits of plant height (cm), number of leaves.plant-1, and number of head per plant and yield attributes of head weight (g), head dry matter (%), and yield (kg.m2), Whereas the humic and seaweed at concentration (2) ml.L-1 and organic manure applied at 10) ton.donum-1 importantly affected the fresh weight of vegetative growth. The topmost ever values were produced from the triple treatment; humic acid at (4) ml.L-1 ) + seaweed at (4) ml.L-1 + organic fertilizer at (10) ton.donum-1 in comparison with control and other doses.

Integrative Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis Reveals Quinoa Leaf Response Mechanisms to Different Phosphorus Concentrations During Filling Stage

Quinoa is an annual self-pollinating plant rich in polyphenols, flavonoids, saponins, and amino acids; its protein balance closely aligns with the ideal recommendation set by the Food and Agriculture Organization. Therefore, quinoa is considered the most suitable “all-nutrient food”. Phosphorus fertilization plays an important role in restricting the growth and development of quinoa; however, the effects of phosphorus fertilizer on quinoa growth remain unclear. Therefore, we conducted metabolome and transcriptome analyses on quinoa leaves during the filling stage, subjecting plants to different doses of phosphorus fertilizer. Overall, phosphorus treatment exerted a significant impact on the phenotypic characteristics of quinoa. Specifically, through a combined analysis of ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and transcriptome analysis, we identified the alteration and regulation of specific metabolites and genes within flavonoid biosynthesis pathways; this comprehensive evaluation helped elucidate the response mechanism of quinoa leaves during the grouting stage under various phosphorus conditions. Ultimately, the results of this study provide a reference for the selection of quinoa cultivars that exhibit tolerance to low- or high-phosphorus stress; additionally, we offer a theoretical basis for the rational application of phosphorus fertilizer and the enhancement of phosphorus utilization efficiency.

Evaluation of Chickpea Production under Different Management of Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilizer

Background: Chickpea is a prominent leguminous crop cultivated in the West Asia and North Africa (WANA) region. Historically, it is planted during the spring season as a rainfed crop in the area, characterized by its unpredictable and frequently inadequate precipitation. Methods: To examine the impact of various levels of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on the yield and yield components of the Adel cultivar of chickpea, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with four replications at the research farm in Jolgeh Rokh District in Torbat-e Heydarieh (35.19 N, 59.45E) throughout the 2021 and 2022 growing seasons. The experimental treatments included three levels of nitrogen: 30, 75 and 150 kg ha-1 as urea fertilizer. The irrigation was applied at three levels: full irrigation, one supplementary irrigation at the flowering stage and two supplementary irrigations at the flowering and pod filling stages. The studied traits included grain yield, biological yield, the number of pods per plant, and the number of seeds per pod. Result: Our results showed that different levels of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer had a significant effect on the number of seeds per pod, pods per plant and biological and grain yield. The interaction effect of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer was significant for all studied traits. In this study, the interaction between the full irrigation treatment and 75 kg N ha-1 resulted in a significant increase in all traits (except biological yield) compared to other treatments. Furthermore, one irrigation at the flowering stage with 150 kg N ha-1 caused a significant decrease in all of the studied traits. The combination of full irrigation and 150 kg N ha-1 treatment had the highest biological yield (8.9 t ha-1), while its grain yield was 1854 kg ha-1. Therefore, by maintaining moisture levels during the critical period of chickpea growth and utilizing balanced nutritional levels, particularly nitrogen at rates of 30 and 75 kg ha-1, the yield of chickpea can be increased.

Site-specific effects of fertilizer on hay and grain yields of oats: evidence from large-scale field experiments.

Oat (Avena sativa L.) is a valuable crop due to its strong adaptability to marginal environments, making it an important component of agricultural systems in regions where other cereals may not thrive. The application of chemical fertilizer can influence oat hay and grain yield significantly. However, large-scale meta-analytical studies of the size and variability of oat hay and grain yields in response to fertilizer addition are still lacking. Based on 83 studies worldwide, this meta-analysis quantifies the impact of the addition of fertilizer on oat hay and grain yields under varying environmental conditions (e.g., soil nutrient levels, texture, and climate). The results confirmed that the fertilizer application increased oat hay yield by 48.9% and grain yield by 36.2%. This study demonstrated that balanced fertilization with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium generally enhances oat hay and grain yield despite large temporal and spatial variations. Boosted regression tree (BRT) models suggest that changes in hay and grain yield were primarily dominated by soil pH and nitrogen fertilizer. The response ratio (the natural logarithm of the mean values of hay yield or grain yield with and without fertilization, respectively) of hay yield declined linearly with soil pH. Elevation was the second most important factor affecting the change in response ratio of hay yield and the third most important factor affecting the change in response ratio of grain yield but climatic conditions were not the dominant factors affecting changes in oat hay or grain yield. Overall, these results will benefit producers considering site-specific fertilization management of oat. They could increase yields and save investment in fertilizer, and help to facilitate the genetic breeding of oat varieties with high nutrient use efficiency. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Effects of Bio and water-soluble fertilizers on sweet potato yield, quality and soil properties in a continuous cropping system under plastic film-mulched drip-fertigated field conditions

To verify an effective approach for alleviating problems associated with the consecutive monoculture of sweet potato, five fertilizer treatments were designed under plastic film-mulched, drip-fertigated conditions in fields continuously planted with sweet potato over five years. These treatments included: (1) no fertilizer application, (2) basic application of water-soluble (WS) fertilizer, (3) basic application of biofertilizer (BF) and WS fertilizer, (4) split application of WS fertilizer, and (5) combined basic application of BF and split application of WS fertilizer. The effects of BF and WS fertilizer applications on yield, quality, and soil properties were evaluated. Fertilizer applications had positive effects on increasing soil activities and nutrients compared with no fertilizer application. Split fertigation with WS fertilizer increased the activities of soil dehydrogenase (DHA) by 10.94 ~ 14.74%, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) by 4.97 ~ 5.13%, and soil organic matter (SOM) by 10.43 ~ 12.47% in the second year compared with a single application. In both years, split fertigation exerted positive effects on increasing dry matter (DM) accumulation in tuberous roots and increased the productive efficiency in nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizers. BF application for two consecutive years increased the activities of soil sucrase by 7.05 ~ 17.83%, DHA by 18.65 ~ 21.34%, ALP by 6.87 ~ 7.03%, soil available P by 18.34 ~ 28.10%, and SOM by 8.18 ~ 10.17% compared with the no BF application. BF also increased the root yield by 8.88 ~ 14.14%, the carotenoid content in tuberous roots by 20.38 ~ 30.64%, and the K utilization efficiency by 11.09 ~ 14.97%. The combination of BF and split fertigation for two consecutive years was most conducive to the activation of soil nutrients, maintenance of soil fertility, and improvement in yield and quality, which could mitigate problems associated with the consecutive monoculture of sweet potato.

Effect of Compound Fertilizer on Foxtail Millet Productivity and Soil Environment.

The effects of balanced fertilization with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) on foxtail millet productivity and the soil environment under the same conditions of total nutrients have received limited research attention. Therefore, in this study, three balanced fertilization patterns of 27-14-10 (T1), 27-17-7 (T2), and 30-10-11 (T3), and one no fertilization treatment (CK), a total of four treatments, were set up through a two-year field experiment to study the effects of balanced fertilization patterns on foxtail millet yield and soil environment. Mantel analysis was conducted to reveal the correlation between soil environmental factors and the community and their contribution to productivity. The results showed that: (1) all balanced fertilization treatments significantly increased foxtail millet yield, with the highest yield in the T1 treatment. (2) The contents of EC, available K, available P, and alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen in the soil of the two-year TI treatments were higher than those of the other treatments and increased by 7.20-9.36%, 24.87-52.35%, 55.83-56.38%, and 21.05-43.95%, respectively, compared with CK. (3) Soil urease activity in the T1 treatment increased significantly by 26.67% and 9.00% compared with the control over the two years. Sucrase activity increased by 36.27% and 23.88% in the T1 treatment compared to CK, and glutaminase activity increased by 33.33% and 19.23% in the T1 treatment compared to CK. (4) T1 treatment significantly increased the OUT number and diversity index of the soil bacterial community. (5) Mantel analysis and principal component analysis showed that available soil nutrients and soil enzymes were positively correlated, and soil enzymes and soil nutrients contributed more to foxtail millet productivity. In this study, the 27-14-10 balanced fertilization pattern was more effective, providing a theoretical basis for the research and development of special fertilizers for foxtail millet and offering technical guidance for realizing the light simplified cultivation of foxtail millet and sustainable development of cost-saving and increased efficiency.

Effect of Synthetic Fertilizer on Diazotrophic Bacteria in Secondary Forest and Oil Palm Soils in Central Kalimantan

Soil microorganisms, especially diazotrophic bacteria, are vital for ecosystem sustainability, significantly contributing to nitrogen cycling and biodiversity conservation. Understanding the impact of different land-use practices on soil microorganisms, especially synthetic fertilizer addition, is essential for sustainable agriculture. This study compares soil properties, bacterial densities, and responses to fertilization in secondary forest soils and adjacent oil palm plantation soils located in PT Kerry Sawit Indonesia, Central Kalimantan. A greenhouse experiment was conducted using both secondary forest and oil palm plantation soils to evaluate the impacts of different synthetic fertilizers on nitrogen-fixing bacteria and soybean agronomic performance. Total soil bacteria and diazotrophic bacteria, essential for nitrogen fixation, were analyzed through microbiological assays and qPCR focusing on the nifH gene. Our findings show that oil palm plantation soils had higher levels of nitrogen, phosphate, and nitrate, while secondary forest soils had a higher abundance of diazotrophic bacteria. Furthermore, excessive nitrogen fertilization was found to reduce microbial density, negatively impacting plant sustainability, highlighting the importance of customized fertilizer management. The study highlights the intricate connections between land-use practices and microbial populations, providing valuable insights for balancing agricultural productivity with ecological sustainability.

Response of Yield of Shallot (&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Allium ascalonium&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; L.) to Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates and Spacing Under Irrigation at Mulo, Ethiopia

The shallot (&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Allium ascalonium&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; L.) is one of the important alliaceous crops cultivated in many tropical countries. It is an important horticultural crop used to flavor the local stew &amp;quot;wot&amp;quot; and a source of income for farmers in Ethiopia. However, the productivity of shallot is low at study area due to various limiting factors such as low soil fertility, plant population and lack of improved agronomic practices. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of intra-row spacing and nitrogen fertilizer levels on growth, yield and quality of shallot at Mulo District, Oromia Regional state, Ethiopia during 2021/22 off season. The treatments consisted of four intra-row spacing (5, 10, 15 and 20) cm and four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 50, 100 and 150) kgNha&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-1&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; tested in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data on shallot yield was collected. The interaction effect of intra-row spacing and nitrogen fertilizer influenced the marketable yield, unmarketable yield, bulb weight, bulb fresh weight, bulb dry weight, dry matter and total yield. As a result, the treatment combination of 150kgha&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-1&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; nitrogen and 15cm intra-row spacing yielded the highest net benefit of shallot (Eth-Birr 1,012,274), followed by the treatment combination of 150kgha&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-1&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; nitrogen and 20 cm intra-row spacing. In conclusion, the above findings indicated that the combined application of 150kgNha&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-1&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; with 15 cm spacing can improve shallot growth and productivity in the Mulo district area. However, more research needs to be done in different seasons and locations, taking into account the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer and different intra-row spacing, to generate more reliable information.

Evaluation of Organic Waste Long-Term Effects on Cellulose, Hemicellulose and Lignin Content in Energy Grass Species Grown in East-Central Poland

Biomass can be used for electricity generation, especially in developing countries, but also in developed ones, where the utilization of renewable energy sources is being integrated into a sustainable economy. There are considerable differences in the scale of biomass use and in the technology of its processing. One of the most important sources of biofuel is the biomass of grass. This research aimed to determine the long-term effects of organic fertilizers on cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin content in the biomass of three grass species: giant miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus), prairie cordgrass (Spartina pectinata), and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) in the first three years of growth. The experiment was established in four replications on microplots of 2 m2 in April 2018. Before planting grass rhizomes, municipal sewage sludge (SS) and spent mushroom substrate (SMS) were introduced into the soil in various combinations. Biomass is harvested in December every year. The content of structural polysaccharides in the grass species statistically significantly varied in response to organic waste. Compared to other fertilizer combinations, SS application increased the content of cellulose in the biomass of Miscanthus giganteus (43.66% of DM) and Spartina pectinata (37.69% of DM) and hemicellulose in Spartina pectinata (27.80% of DM) and Panicum virgatum (23.64% of DM). Of the three species of grass, the chemical composition of Miscanthus giganteus cell walls was the most favorable for biofuel production, with the most cellulose and hemicellulose and the least lignin compared to other grass species. The content of lignin in the biomass of Miscanthus × giganteus and Spartina pectinata was the greatest on the plot with SMS and amounted to 7.79% of DM and 12.32% of DM, respectively. In the case of Panicum virgatum, the average content of lignin was similar across all fertilized plots, with 15.42% DM.

Efficiency of Vivianite from Water Purification Depending on Its Mixing with Superphosphate and Application Method

Vivianite precipitation is gaining attention in phosphorus (P) removal from water purification. It is an iron (Fe)- and P-rich compound that can be used as a slow-release P fertilizer. However, this slow release can constrain P supply to crops in the initial growing stages. This limitation can be overcome by mixing with soluble P fertilizers and with banding application. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the fertilizer effect of vivianite and superphosphate mixtures and determine the most effective application method for vivianite and its mixture with superphosphate as a soluble fertilizer. A pot experiment was conducted by growing sunflowers in calcareous soil under controlled conditions involving two factors. The first factor was the combinations of vivianite and superphosphate: 100% Vivianite + 0% Superphosphate –T2–, 70% Vivianite + 30% Superphosphate –T3–, 30% Vivianite + 70% Superphosphate –T4–, 0% Vivianite + 100% Superphosphate –T5—at a single P rate of 50 mg P kg−1 and a non-fertilized control –T1–. The second factor was the application method: (i) mixing vivianite powder with the bulk soil and (ii) applying it in bands at three points around the plants. The dry matter (DM) yield in the roots and shoots of the sunflower when all P was applied as superphosphate was higher than when it was applied as vivianite. However, the combination of superphosphate and vivianite in different proportions (T3 and T4) led to a considerably higher DM yield compared to sole vivianite application (T2). The highest plant P uptake was observed in T5, while the lowest was in T1 and T2. The replacement values on a dry matter (PFRVDM) and P uptake (PFRVP Uptake) basis and the nutrient use efficiency of T3 and T4 were higher than that of T2. However, the PFRVDM and the PFRVP Uptake were in the same range as the proportion of the superphosphate added to the fertilizer mix. Thus, increased P use efficiency could be achieved with mixtures of vivianite and superphosphate. However, the contribution of vivianite to the fertilizer mix is difficult to access in a short growing cycle. Hence, further research is recommended on the residual effect of vivianite in such fertilizer mix on subsequent growing cycles.

Effect of mineral and biological fertilizers on the formation of the microbiota of the root zone of the developed top-type peat bog under the planting of large-fruited cranberry plants in the conditions of Belarus

Effect of mineral and biological fertilizers on the formation of the microbiota of the root zone of the developed top-type peat bog under the planting of large-fruited cranberry plants in the conditions of Belarus

The combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers improved the quality of colored wheat by physicochemical properties and rheological characteristics of starch

Excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer can degrade the quality of wheat grain, while appropriate use of organic fertilizer can enhance starch quality. To clarify the effects of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer on wheat quality. We measured indicators such as amylose content, starch granules, starch structure, gelatinization characteristics, and rheological properties of wheat under different proportions of combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, revealing the effects of combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on the physicochemical properties and structure of starch. The results showed that compared with single application of chemical fertilizer (T1), organic fertilizer instead of 30 % fertilizer (T2) significantly increased amylose content (10.13 %), starch solubility (35.54 %, 90 °C), swelling power (7.40 %, 90 °C) and wheat yield (18.78 %), but decreased relative crystallinity (37.40 %) and order degree of starch, resulted in a decrease in gelatinization temperature (3.27 %). Meanwhile, rheological analysis also proved that the starch under T2 showed strong elasticity and hardness. This research highlights the importance of organic fertilizer for grain quality and propose that replacing 30 % of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer could significantly enhance the starch structure of colored wheat, providing theoretical support for the improvement of wheat quality.

Microbial decomposer for crop residue management in rice-wheat cropping system.

Crop residue management is vital in the rice-wheat cropping system, influencing soil health and crop productivity. This study examined the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers and microbial decomposers on rice growth and yield. We evaluated seven treatments: 100% recommended dose fertilizer (RDF); 50% residue + 50% RDF; 50% residue + 50% RDF + Pusa decomposer; 50% residue + 50% green manuring (GM)/green leaf manuring (GLM); 50% residue + 50% GM/GLM + Pusa decomposer; residue @ 2.5 tons per acre + Pusa decomposer; residue @ 2.5 tons per acre + no Pusa decomposer; and absolute control. Results indicate that integrating organic and inorganic fertilizers with microbial decomposers positively affects rice growth and yield parameters. While adding microbial decomposer to RDF did not consistently enhance rice yield, it improved soil enzymatic properties. This suggests that the effectiveness of microbial decomposers may vary based on specific soil and crop conditions. Therefore, microbial decomposers present a promising approach to boost soil health and fertility. Further research is needed to optimize conditions for their use and systematically assess their impact on crop yields.