Fertility Norms Research Articles

Racial Pairings and Fertility: Do Interracial Couples Have Fewer Children?

Our overall goal is largely descriptive-to compare recent fertility patterns between racially endogamous and exogamous couples in the United States. Evidence of lower fertility among exogamous or interracial couples arguably provides indirect evidence of social distance and cultural and economic integration. The growth of interracial marriage and cohabitation has fueled the rise in biracial or mixed-race children. Fertility rates are uneven among racial and ethnic groups, seemingly rooted in stigma and cultural differences (e.g., fertility norms). Whether fertility is different among interracial couples is unclear: Fertility rates that largely conform to the population of racially endogamous White couples provide evidence of social integration whereas differential fertility may reveal gender dynamics in fertility decision-making, including power relationships that depend on the race of male and female partners. We pool data from the 2008 to 2017 American Community Survey to compare past-year fertility patterns among endogamously and interracially married and cohabiting couples. Fertility is generally lower among racially exogamous than endogamous unions, especially among Asian American-White couples. Fertility among American Indian-White couples is much closer to patterns of White couples than of American Indian couples. Fertility among other interracial couples nevertheless varies by the race of male partners. That is, fertility of the Black male/White female and the Hispanic male/White female couples is similar to patterns found among endogamous Black and Hispanic couples, respectively. The White male/Black female and the White male/Hispanic female couples follow the fertility patterns of White couples. In general, the fertility levels of interracial couples are intermediate between those of endogamous White couples and their endogamous Black, Hispanic, or American Indian counterparts, but vary significantly by the race-gender mix of partners.

Changes in the fertility of meadow-brown bleached soil with long-term use of different fertilizer systems

The article presents the results of changes in the fertility of meadow-brown bleached soil in a long-term stationary experiment, laid down in 1941. It has been established that applying various systems of manure, lime, and mineral fertilizers in a single and double dose for 79 years improves the agrochemical soil properties. The content of organic matter in the variants of the manure-lime-mineral system with single and double doses of mineral fertilizers increased from 3.00% (control) to 3.11 and 3.21%, respectively. The phosphate regime of the soil improved when manure and lime were used together with mineral fertilizers in a doubled rate up to 137 mg/kg, and against liming with a single dose of mineral fertilizers up to 76 mg/kg, in the control variant - 15 mg/kg. Under the influence of lime and single norms of mineral fertilizers for wheat, the soil solution is deoxidized to a neutral value of 6.1, in the control variant without fertilizers the soil is subacid - 5.1. In the variant with the use of only double doses of mineral fertilizers, an increased yield of 4.8 t/ha and protein content of 13.8% in spring wheat was noted, in the control - 4.3 t/ha and 12.4%, respectively. The analysis of the correlation dependence of yield and protein per grain with a complex agrochemical property showed a strong direct relationship - r = 0.91; 0.78 respectively.

Environmental aspects of long-term use of mineral fertilizers on leached blacksoil of the Western Ciscaucasia

The research purpose consists in studying the effect of long-term use of mineral fertilizers on changes in the fertility of leached blacksoil (Grey-Luvic Chernozems) of the Western Ciscaucasia. The studies were conducted in the framework of the stationary field experiment of the Department of Agrochemistry of the Kuban State Agrarian University, founded in 1981 and occupied by crops of 11-field grain-grass-row crop rotation. Over the period of 1981-2019 years, N950P910K670, N1900P1820K1340 and N2850P2730K2010 were applied on contrasting variants with single, double and triple norms of mineral fertilizers, respectively. Comparison backgrounds are represented with initial indicators prior to the station establishment and with the control variant without fertilizers. The fertilizer system used in crop rotation supports optimal parameters of leached blacksoil fertility (pHH 2 O= 6.41-6.50; humus content – 3.50-3.58%; nitrogen content – 21.8-27.7 mg NO3/kg and 13.0-16.0 mg NH4/kg; mobile phosphorus – 155-170 mg P2O5/kg; exchange potassium – 255-266 mg κ2O/kg) and improves the physical properties of soil. At the same time, during the 38-year period of annual application of mineral fertilizers, soil acidification was recorded (hydrolytic acidity increased by 0.51-0.93 mg-eq/100 g; pHKCl values decreased by 0.30-0.38 units; pHH 2 O – by 1.20-1.33 units), while the amount of absorbed bases decreased by 10.27-12.27 mg-eq/100 g, cation exchange capacity – by 9.76-11.34 mg-eq/100 g, and the degree of soil saturation with bases – by 2.66-4.00%. Periodic monitoring of changes in agrochemical and agrophysical indicators is necessary to reduce the risks of degradation and preserve the fertility of leached blacksoil.

Биоэнергетическая и экономическая эффективность выращивания бобовых растений

The article presents materials of the influence of various norms of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the bioenergetic and economic efficiency of vegetable beans. Comparison of the studied options shows that the bioenergetic efficiency of vegetable beans is the most rational in the N30P30K30 option. The intensive technology of growing vegetable beans is energy efficient, since the energy supply of all options for applying organic and inorganic fertilizers is more than one unit.

Efficiency of the application of mineral fertilizers on the productivity of soy and mung bean (mash) in the conditions of the sogd region of the republic of Tajikistan

The article provides research on the study of the norms of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers on the yield of soybeans and masha in the conditions of gray-brown soils. The use of mineral fertilizers has had a significant impact on the formation of soybean and mash yields. Yields of soybean grains, depending on the study variants of experience, range from 15.8 to 27.6 c/ha, and mush - from 13.0- to 24.1 cents per hectare.

Вплив систем удобрення з елементами біологізації й обробітку на урожайність, економічну й енергетичну ефективність ячменю ярого

The influence of the application of fertilizers with green manure and soil treatment on the yield, economic and energy efficiency of spring barley has been studied. The aim of the work was to identify the impact of the implemented tillage systems with elements of minimization and fertilization with elements of biologization on the productivity and economic performance of spring barley. It is established that in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine the aftereffect of application of high norms of organic and mineral fertilizers on typical chernozem has a positive effect on spring barley yield, increasing it, compared to control, by 0.55–1.10 t/ha per plowing, by 0, 65–1.35 t/ha for deep tillage and 0.55–1.30 t/ha for shallow tillage. It was found that the highest crop yield (3.85 t/ha) was obtained against after shallow tillage and aftereffects of fertilizer application with manure. The use of fertilizers helped to increase the protein content in the grain of spring barley. The influence of tillage systems on the protein content of barley was reliably noted only in the variant of fertilizers with straw & green manure. The use of shallow tillage with organic manure and fertilizer provides a decrease of 142.9 UAH/t of the cost of production, an increase of 886 UAH/ha of net profit and a 21.2% reduction in energy consumption compared to plowing.

Ефективність внесення добрив за вирощування високоолеїнового соняшнику на чорноземах типових малогумусних

The cultivation of high-oleic sunflower hybrids is promising due to the high competitiveness of sunflower on the international market and the growing demand for oil as the main product of its processing. Despite the importance of sunflower as one of the traditional crops of Ukraine, the technology of its cultivation now has many unsolved problems. Among the elements of cultivation technology aimed at increasing crop yields, research with high-oleic hybrids occupies a prominent place, requires the study of mineral nutrition levels, the need for sulfur, taking into account their impact on the oleic acid content. The purpose of the research is to establish the influence of sulfur on the background of different norms of mineral fertilizers on the formation of productivity of high-oleic sunflower plants on chernozems of typical low-humus right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The research program provided for the establishment of a field experiment in 2015–2017. The research was conducted according to the scheme of two-factor field experiment. The scheme of experiments provides for the study of the following factors: factor A – rates of mineral fertilizers, factor B – sulfur application Methods. During the research, generally accepted methods were used for scientific research in crop production. Based on the research, it was found that the maximum amount of dry matter accumulates in the variants with the introduction of N90Р75К135+S30 and N120Р100К180+S30. The introduction of sulfur increases the yield of dry matter from 5.69 % to 9.27 %. The highest yield of sunflower seeds is formed by applying N90Р75К135+S30 – 4.12 t/ha. Further increase in fertilizer application rates does not lead to a significant increase in yield. Application of S30 on the background of N90Р75К135 allows to increase the yield of sunflower by 0.35 t per ha or 9.28 %. Our correlation-regression analysis of the obtained research results indicates a close correlation between the accumulation of dry matter in ВВСН 55–57 and ВВСН 65–67 and the yield level (respectively r = 0.917 and r = 0.972). The highest fat content in the seeds (49.7 %) with the maximum content of oleic acid (88.5 %) and the maximum yield of oil (2.05 t per ha) provides the cultivation of the hybrid EC Romantic with the introduction of N90Р75К135+S30.

Productivity of oil flax varieties in the conditions of northern forest steppe of Tyumen region

Objective of the research: to study the influence of the norms of mineral fertilizers on the yield and quality of seeds of oil flax varieties in the conditions of the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region. The studies were carried out on the experimental field of the State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals in 2019-2020. The soil of the experimental field is leached chernozem, thin, heavy loamy. Experimental options included: control, without fertilizers; NPK based on seed yield 2 t/ha; NPK based on seed yield of 3 t/ha. Increases in yield from the use of fertilizers in the studied varieties August and Sokol were obtained in 2019, the growing season of which was characterized by the amount of precipitation close to the long-term level. In 2020, when there was a shortage of precipitation, only the Sokol variety showed a positive reaction to fertilizers. Under the influence of fertilizers, the seed oil content of the August variety decreased, while the Sokol variety was at the same level in all variants.

Influence of winter wheat growing technologies on morphophysiological and agrochemical aspects of harvest formation

To create high-yielding sowing of winter wheat,which would effectively use the genetic potentialof varieties and soil-climatic conditions of the Forest-Steppe, it is important to study and establish thebasic patterns of formation of elements of cultureproductivity during the vegetation in connectionwith its provision bymacro- and micronutrients. Theaim of the study was to investigate the influence ofcultivation technologies of different intensity on themorphophysiological features of the formation ofwinter wheat harvest in connection with the supply of macro and micronutrients to plants and theirremoval. To solve this problem, we used field, morphophysiological research, methods of chemical, physicochemical analysis using modern methods of atomic absorption spectrophotometry, flame photometry and spectrometry, mathematical and statistical analysis. A study was conducted on the impact of winter wheat cultivation technologies on the morphophysiological aspects of yield formation and supply of plants with nutrients. The dependence between the supply of the basic nutrition elements of winter wheat and the formation of elements of productivity at different stages of organogenesis was established. Morphophysiological studies have shown that the improvement of plant nutrition conditions with energy-saving, intensive and intensive energy-saturated technologies has increased the number of flowers that havereached the XII stage of organogenesis (grains) inthe ears of both orders. The use of intensive energysaturated technologies has increased the density of productive stems in comparison with control. It was determined that the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, manganese and iron, which was used to form the main product (grain), varied depending on the norms of fertilizers applied by the respective cultivation technologies and increased with the use of intensive energy-saturated technologies. It was found that takeaway of copper and zinc with a harvest of grain and straw little depended on the technology of cultivation. With applying of high-intensity technologies of winter wheat cultivation, the level of nutrition by macro- and microelements had a positive impact on the density of productive stems, the number of potential flowers in the ears of stems of both orders and, finally, graininess of the ear and did not show a restrictive effect on the formation of productivity elements. Research in this direction needs further continuation and can be used to form a fertilizer system in the development of intensive technologies forgrowing winter wheat

ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ ПЛОДОРОДИЯ СЕРОЙ ЛЕСНОЙ ПОЧВЫ И ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ КУЛЬТУР В ЗВЕНЕ СЕВООБОРОТА ПРИ ВНЕСЕНИИ УДОБРЕНИЙ

The purpose of the work is to study the effect and aftereffect of various types and rates of fertilizers on the change in the main fertility indicators of gray forest soil, as well as the productivity of the crop rotation link. The experiments were carried out in the grain-row unit (spring wheat - corn - spring wheat - peas) of a nine-field grain-herb-row crop rotation. The scheme of the experiment provided for the study of the following options: the calculated doses of mineral fertilizers for the formation of 4 t/ha of spring wheat grain, 40 t/ha of green mass of corn, 3 t/ha of pea grain, thermally treated granulated chicken manure in doses 1, 2, 3 t/ha, bedding manure in a dose equivalent to 3 t/ha of granulated droppings, buckwheat stubble green manure sown after harvesting winter rye. Under the influence of 1-2-3 t/ha of granulated chicken manure, the content of nitrogen (Nг) in the soil increased, compared with the control, by 73.1-81.1-112.0%, respectively, phosphorus (P2O5) - by 69.3- 79.8-91.3%, potassium (K2O) - by 90.3-140-188%; in the first year of aftereffect, Nг increased by 42.6-50.5-58.4%, P2O5- by 28.6-39.3-52.1%, K2O - by 56.1-84.8-170, 7%; in the second year of aftereffect Nг - by 13.1-21.3-44.0%, P2O5- by 40.1-51.2-74.4%, K2O - by 63.3-124.1-133.1 %. When manure was applied (42 t/ha), the amount of Nг, P2O5, K2O decreased, compared to 3 t/ha of granulated chicken manure, in the year of action, respectively, by 43.4, 19.0 and 42.2%, in the first year of aftereffect - by 16.6, 22.1, 48.1%. In the second year of the aftereffect, the values of these indicators when using manure and 3 t/ha of granulated chicken manure were equivalent. In the variant with the incorporation of buckwheat green manure, the content of mobile forms of macronutrients varied similarly to manure. Under the influence of 1, 2 and 3 t/ha of granulated chicken manure, the productivity of the crop rotation link increased, compared with the control, by 78.5, 104.3, 122.6%, respectively. The effect from the action and three years of aftereffect of 42 t/ha of manure was below the level of 3 t/ha of of granulated chicken manure by 12% (productivity growth 110.6%), buckwheat green manure - at the level of 1 t/ha of granulated chicken manure (productivity growth 80.6%) ... Depending on the type and norms of fertilizers, the profitability of production was 54 ... 196%

Bentonite Silt, Effects Of Mineral Fertilizer Norms And Irrigation Regulations On Autumn Wheat Yield

Bentonite Silt, Effects Of Mineral Fertilizer Norms And Irrigation Regulations On Autumn Wheat Yield

ВПЛИВ АГРОХІМІЧНОГО НАВАНТАЖЕННЯ НА ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕНІСТЬ РОСЛИН ЕЛЕМЕНТАМИ ЖИВЛЕННЯ ТА ВРОЖАЙНІСТЬ КУКУРУДЗИ В ЛІСОСТЕПУ

У статті представлено результати досліджень з питань оптимізації забезпеченості рослин кукурудзи основними елементами живлення за різного агрохімічного навантаження в умовах Лісостепу. Метою досліджень було встановлення впливу різних норм мінеральних добрив та побічної продукції попередника як добрива на забезпеченість рослин азотом, фосфором і калієм та врожайність кукурудзи. Дослідження проводили впродовж 2016-2019 рр. на темно-сірому опідзоленому крупнопилувато-легкосуглинковому ґрунті Лісостепу із застосуванням польового, хімічного, розрахунково-вагового та математико-статистичного методів. Виявлено, що тривале вирощування сільськогосподарських культур впродовж 30 років за різного агрохімічного навантаження у сівозміні на темно-сірому опідзоленому крупнопилувато-легкосуглинковому ґрунті Лісостепу зумовило створення різних агрохімічних фонів. За результатами ґрунтової та рослинної діагностики встановлено, що азот є лімітуючим елементом живлення за вирощування кукурудзи. У варіантах з унесенням підвищених (N180P120K180) та високих (N240P120K240) норм мінеральних добрив на фоні побічної продукції попередника (соломи пшениці озимої), де сформована найвища врожайність кукурудзи – 11,21-12,10 т/га, вміст рухомого фосфору в 0-20 см шарі ґрунту був дуже високим, рухомого калію – високим, азоту, що легко гідролізується – дуже низьким. У цих варіантах рослини кукурудзи за стадіями ВВСН 16, 19 і 65 накопичували оптимальну кількість азоту, а за вмістом фосфору та калію виявлено оптимальну та високу їх забезпеченість впродовж вегетації за внесення мінеральних добрив у нормах понад N60P45K60. За результатами кореляційного та регресійного аналізу підтверджено визначальну роль азоту та калію у формуванні продуктивності кукурудзи. Побудовано математичні моделі, що дають можливість прогнозувати рівень врожайності кукурудзи залежно від вмісту хімічних елементів у ґрунті та рослинах вже на ранніх стадіях розвитку ВВСН.

Generalization of scientific experience and modern aspects of its use to ensure the effective functioning of water-regulating systems in the Left Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine

The experience of agricultural production on drained lands indicates that the existing scientific justification for land reclamation does not meet the requirements of today. This also applies to the use of drained lands of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe.
 The goal of the research is to generalize many-year scientific research (on the drainage-irrigation system "Romen") and determine the modern aspects of its use to ensure the effective functioning of water-regulating systems in the Left Bank Forest-Steppe in a changing climate.
 To summarize, we used the results of many-year research for the period of 1935–2019, which were obtained on the drainage-irrigation system "Romen". The research methods are based on systematic analysis and knowledge generalization on long-term research in the area of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe.
 It was established that in the conditions of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe (on the drainage-irrigation system "Romen") a considerable number of scientific developments on the technologies of crop cultivation on the drained lands was obtained, the most productive cultivars of crops were selected and optimum norms of fertilizers for their application were calculated. The methods of basic tillage were studied taking into account the cultivation degree of soils, new designs of reclamation systems were developed (combined water-regulating systems with inclined and low-slope drains and water control units; local contour-water storage systems), which were tested in the production conditions and resource-saving water regulation technology, which is based on the use of small irrigation rates.
 For today, to scientifically ensure the effective functioning of water- regulating systems and the use of drained lands in the Left Bank Forest-Steppe in a changing climate, it is important to use the experience gained on agronomic measures for growing crops on drained lands, improving water supply of reclamation systems (application of contour water-absorbing constructions made of local filtration materials), resource-saving technologies of water regime regulation, which are based on applying small irrigation rates.
 Currently, in the context of climate change, which has led to the deterioration of water supply conditions on water-regulating systems, the research is underway to improve the efficiency of water-regulating systems and the use of drained lands, taking into account the features of their agricultural use.
 The technology of accumulation of water and drainage runoff in the accumulating tank was developed. The results of its approbation showed that in the conditions of climate change, growing deficit of water resources it is possible to provide effective water regulation on drained lands by creating reserve water volumes in the reclaimed areas and increase the yield of crops.
 According to the results of regional experimental studies on the cultivation of promising and highly productive fodder crops (barnyard grass, amaranth and fodder beans) a technology for growing them on different types of drained soils was developed, which is based on optimal water regulation and takes into account the supply of essential nutrients, the degree of soil acidity and modern climate change.

Вплив удобрення кукурудзи на біометричні показники та елементи структури урожаю кукурудзи в умовах західного Лісостепу України

Вплив удобрення кукурудзи на біометричні показники та елементи структури урожаю кукурудзи в умовах західного Лісостепу України

Model analysis of the significant drop in protein content in Danish grain crops from 1990-2015

Abstract The content of crude protein in grain decreased 2.4–2.9 percentage points (dry matter basis) in Denmark between 1990 and 2015. The aim of this model analysis was to quantify to which extent the reduced crude protein content in winter wheat and spring barley was caused by a) changed N-response in new varieties, b) changed fertilizer norms, field management and N-deposition, c) decreased N-mineralization due to structural changes in Danish farming, and d) warmer and wetter weather. The analysis was carried out using the plant-soil-atmosphere model DAISY. It was possible to simulate most of the observed change in protein content. For winter wheat, changes in fertilizer regulations driven by environmental concerns and accompanied by a drop in aerial deposition of nitrogen explained between 50 and 70 % of the total simulated decline in crude protein content. The changed N-response of new varieties explained 15–20 %. For spring barley, the changed N-response accounted for 45–60 % of the observed change under mineral fertilization and 40–45 % in scenarios receiving slurry. Warmer and wetter weather accounted for around 20 % of the change for both crops. On the more clayey soils, reduced mineralisation influenced the protein content, and this effect was probably underestimated in the study.

Влияние удобрений на изменение питательного режима серо-коричневых почв под озимой пшеницей

The article shows the influence of mineral and organic fertilizer norms on gray–brown soils and changes in the nutritional regime in winter wheat soils under irrigation in the Ganja–Gazakh region. It was found that the application of mineral and organic fertilizers for winter wheat in gray–brown soils significantly affected the change in the nutrient regime of the soil, significantly increasing the amount of nutrients easily absorbed by plants in the plowed and subsoil layers of the soil, as compared to the control (unfertilized) option, effective fertility increased, which in turn had a significant impact on productivity. At the end of the growing season, depending on the norm of mineral fertilizers in the soil layer 0–60 cm, ammonia nitrogen is 13.1–14.1, nitrate nitrogen is 7.2–7.4, mobile phosphorus is 7.0–8.0 and exchangeable potassium — 15.6–19.2 mg/kg, depending on the rate of organic fertilizers at the end of the growing season, ammonia nitrogen 12.6-–13.7, nitrate nitrogen 5.3–5.7, mobile phosphorus 6.2–6.6 and metabolic potassium while it increased by 20.4–21.2 mg/kg.

Вплив позакореневого підживлення рослин пивоварного ячменю на вміст білка в зерні

Goal. To determine the effectiveness of stabilization of grain quality of spring barley as a result of applying foliar feeding of plants with suspensions of micronutrients Vuksal. Methods. 2-factor field experiment was conducted in 2014–2016: factor A — norms of mineral fertilizers: N0P0K0 (control), N30P45K45, N60P90K90; factor B — norms of micronutrients at 3-time application. Assessment of the impact of these factors on brewing quality was carried out. The protein content in barley grain was determined in laboratory conditions using a destructive method and the device Infratek 1241. They also carried out an analysis of variance for the evaluation of factors included in the experiment. Results. The effectiveness was determined of the control over the brewing quality of spring barley grain as to the protein content when applying foliar feeding of plants on different backgrounds of mineral nutrition. It is proved that the performance of technological activities depends on the norms and patterns of use of micronutrient Vuksal in conjunction with the basic norm of mineral fertilizers. Conclusions. The total optimal utilization rate of the suspensions Vuksal when applying foliar feeding of plants on a combined scheme in the technology of cultivation of brewing spring barley, which contributes to increasing of grain yield and quality for the variant with fertilizer N30P45K45 is 4.5 l/ha: 1.5 l/ha during tillering spraying with the micronutrient Vuksal R Max, and 1.5 l/ha in phenophase «shooting» and at the beginning of flowering — Vuksal Grain. The parameters of protein content during the years of study were 10.2–10.6% for 3-times spraying of crops. Similarly, in this technological scheme and according to the phenological stage of the plant development for fertilizer N60P90K90 the total optimal provision of micronutrients is 6.0 l/ha: 2 l/ha — Vuksal R Max, and 2+2 l/ha — Vuksal Grain.

Individual and community factors associated with lifetime fertility in Eswatini: an application of the Easterlin–Crimmins model

Understanding fertility variation among women helps identify individuals and communities with high reproductive performance that slows fertility transition especially for African countries. The aim of this study was to investigate individual and community factors influencing lifetime fertility/children ever born (CEB) in Eswatini (formerly Swaziland). Using data from a onetime national representative demographic and health survey conducted in 2006–2007, this study goes beyond previous efforts by considering a broad range of individual and community factors that influences lifetime fertility and applying a supply–demand Easterlin–Crimmins model allowing for a multilevel framework. The results of a sequential multilevel (random intercept) Poisson regression suggest that the model was appropriate to account for overdispersed CEB data. All multilevel models found significant, but small, lifetime fertility variation across communities/clusters. While lifetime fertility variation decreased significantly from the empty model to the final model after controlling for a range of individual and community, it does not entirely disappear indicating the local community may have some bearing on CEB. Further, this suggests compositional (individual demographic and socioeconomic) factors explained substantial, but not all of the variation. At individual-level, the results suggest a significant negative association of household wealth index, level of education, age at sexual debut and age at first birth with CEB. On the other hand, the incident of childbearing among women increased significantly with child loss, having high fertility norms (5 or more children), being married, particularly in polygyny than monogamy unions, being employed and empowered. The compatibility of the latter two variables with childbearing contends with theory and warrants attention for future research. The results confirm the Easterlin–Crimmins model explain fertility behaviour reliably and demand (fertility norms) and supply (child loss) variables have good predictive value. At community level, women from rural communities had higher fertility than from urban ones. Overall, lifetime fertility in Eswatini is strongly related to individual (compositional) characteristics and is unique for urban–rural communities.

Влияние органических удобрений и природного цеолита на содержание пигментов и урожайность растений рапса сорта Риф

Abstract. A comprehensive study of raw materials in the Lipetsk region as organic waste in conjunction with zeolite-containing rocks in crop production is necessary to obtain new fundamental knowledge. The purpose of the study was to study the influence of different norms of fertilizers on photosynthetic capacity and pigment of plant leaves and the yield of spring rapeseed under conditions of forest-steppe of Central Black Earth Region. Method of research. In the course of research, records and observations were made using the method of laying and conducting field experiments, which is generally accepted in agronomic science [3]. The number of chlorophylls a and b and the amount of caratinoids were determined using a spectrophotometric method. Results. Research conducted in the field experience on the basis of the Yelets State University named after I. A. Bunin allowed us to establish the influence of natural zeolite and organic fertilizers on changes in the pigment composition of leaves and productivity of spring rape plants in the rosette and flowering phases. Plants in the flowering phase had the highest photosynthetic potential. It was found that the application of organic fertilizers significantly contributed to the accumulation of chlorophyll a in plants and pigments in General at all the studied phases of development, and their joint use with zeolite led to an increase in crop yield. The maximum increase in yield was obtained in the variant with the introduction of chicken manure 10 t/ha and zeolite 3 t/ha, which was 16.8 c/ha compared to the control. The carried out researches allow to recommend the use of organic waste of poultry farms together with natural zeolite Terbunskiy field in the conditions of forest-steppe of Central Black Earth Region on leached Chernozem under spring rape. Scientific novelty. In the conditions of forest-steppe Central Black Earth Region first determined the optimal application rate of chicken manure and natural zeolite, which contribute to the increase in photosynthetic capacity and pigmentation of plant leaves that allows to obtain high yield and good seed quality.

Влияние органических и минеральных удобрений на накопление азота, фосфора и калия в надземной части люцерны при покрытом посеве

The problems of impact of organic and mineral fertilizers on gathering of total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the lucerne surface mass in coating planting of the grey–meadow soils which are weakly provided with the nutrient under the condition of Karabakh region were commented. Provision of plants with the main nutrient during the vegetation, productivity, crop quality depends on supply of the nutrient which is easily assimilated. In order to get high yields from agricultural plants, the organic and mineral fertilizers must be applied to a norm which was fixed on the basis of soil cartograms, the cultivation agrotechnics must be correctly fulfilled every year. The good food regime for the lucerne depends on optimization of fertilizer norms in different irrigation. The highest quantity of total NPK was observed in the first mowing, but it reduced in the next mowing’s. Nitrogen and potassium is high in each of the mowing’s, but phosphorus is little on the surface mass. This is due to increase of the nutrient quantity of lucerne and soil fertility. This positively influences on nutrient regulation on the surface mass over the mowing’s in lucerne plant.